scholarly journals Enigma of Respiratory Carriage of Kingella kingae and Neisseria meningitides in Young Jordanian Children

10.3823/860 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malak A Khanfar ◽  
Emman Badran ◽  
Basma Marrar ◽  
Ekatherina Charvalos ◽  
Asem A Shehabi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Kingella Kingae ◽  
Neisseria Species ◽  
Neisseria Meningitides ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Background: Kingella kingae and Neisseria meningitides are gram-negative bacteria, causing several life-threatening diseases and considered as opportunistic pathogens in the upper respiratory tract of healthy carriers. The detection of these both bacteria species is difficult in routine culture methods. Objective: This study aimed to find the occurrence rate of K. kingae and N. meningitides colonizing upper respiratory tract of young Jordanian children, and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates. Methods: A total of 300 samples of throat and nasal swabs were collected from out- patients Jordanian children aged between 6 months and 5 years, who were admitted to Pediatrics' clinics department at the Jordan University Hospital and Al-Bashir Hospital over the period October 2018 through January 2019.  Samples were cultured for detection  K. kingae and Neisseria species including specially N. meningitides.    Their suspected growth was identified and tested using microbiology culture methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Additionally, DNA was extracted directly from one 100 samples and was investigated only for K. kingae using real- time PCR assay.                                                                                              Results: This study showed the absence of K. kingae in all cultured samples, while Neisseriaspecies was detected in 21 (7 %)including one N. meningitides isolate(0.3%). The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing indicated presence of few percentage of Neisseria species isolates resistant 100 % to clindamycin, oxacillin and vancomycin, whereas all were susceptible for chloramphenicol (100%)levofloxacin and gentamycin , and less to ampicillin(90.6%) and erytromycin ( 85.7%), respectively. Conclusion: This study shows the absence of K. kingae and the rare occurrence of N. meningitides colonizing the upper respiratory tract of young Jordanian children over the 4-month period of study.  

scholarly journals Challenges in the delivery of critical care in India during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 175114372095259
Author(s):  
Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Sheila Nainan Myatra ◽  
Meghena Mathew ◽  
Nirmalyo Lodh ◽  
Jigeeshu Vasishtha Divatia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Coronavirus disease 2019 cases in India continue to increase and are expected to peak over the next few weeks. Based on some projection models, India is expected to have more than 10 million cases by September 2020. The spectrum of disease can vary from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure requiring intensive care. Even if less than 5% of patients require critical care services, this will still rapidly overwhelm the healthcare system in a country, where intensive care services and resources are scarce and unevenly distributed. In this perspective article, we highlight the critical care preparedness of India for the pandemic and the associated challenges.

scholarly journals Two Different Life-Threatening Cases: Presenting with Torticollis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülsüm Alkan ◽  
Melike Emiroğlu ◽  
Ayşe Kartal
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cervical Muscles ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Spinal Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Acquired torticollis can be the result of several different pathological mechanisms. It is generally related to trauma, tumors, and inflammatory processes of the cervical muscles, nerves, and vertebral synovia. Although upper respiratory tract and neck inflammation are common causes of acute febrile torticollis in children, diseases with as yet undefined relationships may also result in torticollis. This is the case of spinal arachnoid cyst and pneumonia.

Primary Tuberculosis of pharynx-diagnostic difficulties, complications and treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Tika R. Adhikari ◽  
Rahmat Omar
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Airway Compromise ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Primary Tuberculosis ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Emergency Tracheostomy ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Primary tuberculosis of the upper respiratory tract is extremely rare and poses a diagnostic challenge. Due to delay in diagnosis the disease may progress to life threatening airway compromise. Here we report a case of chronic granulomatous infection of the upper respiratory tract involving the oropharynx. Initial biopsy revealed acute on chronic inflammation with no epitheloid granuloma and no acid fast bacilli was found on Ziehl-Nielsen staining of the biopsy. As a result of delay in diagnosis the disease progressed to involve the soft palate, valopharyngeal isthmus, and supraglottis compromising the airway and needed emergency tracheostomy. Where there is strong clinical suspicion repeat biopsy should be performed. The life threatening complication of pharyngeal tuberculosis such as stenosis and adhesion leading to airway compromise can occur during the course of treatment and should be closely monitored . It can be managed effectively with radiofrequency uvulopalatoplasty as demonstrated in the case report.

scholarly journals Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
H MOOMIVAND ◽  
SA POURBAKHSH ◽  
M JAMSHIDIAN
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Alignment Analysis ◽  
Science And Research

In ostriches, mycoplasmas are generally associated with respiratory diseases and causes rhino-tracheitis, airsacculitis and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The aim of current study was the isolation and identification of pathogenic mycoplasmas in ostrich farms of Iran by the use of PCR and culture methods. In this study, mycoplasmas were isolated from ostrich slaughterhouse; 114 samples were collected from ostriches with respiratory signs and were cultured and PCR methods along with alignment were used to detect the mycoplasmas. For this purpose lung, trachea and air sacs were evaluated. The results indicated that 21.05% of samples were positive in PCR assayand from them 7.89% and 14% was M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae, respectively. The highest rate of M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae was detected in lung, airsacs and trachea. Alignment analysis demonstrated that the M. gallisepticum strains detected in our study have 97% homology to 06/14, 05/14 and 16S strains. In addition, M. synoviae strains have 99% and 98% homology to MSR-812, MSR-795 and MSR-1019 strains. One of the M. synoviae strains has 82% homology to ABSfsdMS2011 strain. The results of our study showed that ostriches in Iran were infected with chicken mycoplasmas but the pathogenesis of them in ostrich respiratory should be further evaluated.

scholarly journals Intranasal inoculation of Cryptococcus neoformans in mice produces nasal infection with rapid brain dissemination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Coelho ◽  
Emma Camacho ◽  
Antonio Salas ◽  
Alexandre Alanio ◽  
Arturo Casadevall
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Intranasal Infection ◽  
Brain Invasion ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Upper Respiratory

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans is an important fungal pathogen, causing life-threatening pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. Brain dissemination of C. neoformans is thought to be a consequence of an active infection in the lung which then extravasates to other sites. Brain invasion results from dissemination via the bloodstream, either by free yeast cells in bloodstream or Trojan horse transport within mononuclear phagocytes. We assessed brain dissemination in three mouse models of infection: intravenous, intratracheal, and intranasal. All three modes of infection resulted in dissemination of C. neoformans to the brain in under 3 hours. Further, C. neoformans was detected in the entirety of the upper respiratory tract and the ear canals of mice. In recent years, intranasal infection has become a popular mechanism to induce pulmonary infection because it avoids surgery but our findings show that instillation of C. neoformans produces cryptococcal nasal infection. These findings imply that immunological studies using intranasal infection should assume the initial sites of infection of infection are brain, lung and upper respiratory tract, including the nasal airways.ImportanceCryptococcus neoformans causes an estimated 181, 000 deaths each year, mostly associated with untreated HIV/AIDS. C. neoformans has a ubiquitous worldwide distribution. Humans become infected from exposure to environmental sources and the fungus lays dormant within the human body. Upon immunosuppression, such as AIDS or therapy-induced as required by organ transplant recipients or autoimmune disease patients, cryptococcal disease reactivates and causes life-threatening meningitis and pneumonia. This study has detected that upon contact with the host, C. neoformans can quickly (a few hours) reach the host brain and will also colonize the nose of infected animals. Therefore, this work paves the way to better knowledge of how C. neoformans travels through the host body. Understanding how C. neoformans infects, disseminates and survives within the host is critically required so that we can prevent infections and the disease caused by this deadly fungus.

scholarly journals Laser surgical treatment options for diseases of the upper respiratory tract in horses – An overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Ohnesorge ◽  
Anna Rötting
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Upper Respiratory

AbstractDiseases of the upper respiratory tract in horses can be life-threatening, or more frequently, limit the ability of the equine athlete to perform. Traditional surgical approaches are often invasive and are limited due to anatomic considerations. This article summarizes minimal invasive surgical techniques and in particular, laser surgical techniques useful for treatment of common diseases of the upper respiratory tract in horses.

Rate and Mechanism of Erythromycin Resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes in Beni-Suef University Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Mervat A. Tohamy ◽  
Mona A. Abdelmeseeh ◽  
Dina S. Abdelfatah ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdel Tawab ◽  
Mostafa S. Sheemy
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
P Value ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Group A streptococci (GAS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Erythromycin is an effective macrolide antibiotic for treating GAS infections. However, GAS macrolide resistance has been increased due to either an efflux mechanism (M phenotype), encoded by mef A gene, or by methylation of the ribosomal target resulting in resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLS) antibiotics. Methylase can be expressed either constitutively (cMLS phenotype) or inducibly (iMLS phenotype). Objectives: The present study aimed to find out frequency of S. pyogenes isolated from patients with upper respiratory tract infections at Beni-Suef University Hospital, determine rate and mechanism of macrolide resistance. Methodology: The present study was conducted on patients with upper respiratory tract infections attended to otorhinolaryngology clinic, Beni-Suef University Hospital, Egypt, in the period from February to December 2015. Detailed history taking was carried and clinical findings were obtained. Throat or ear swabs were taken and processed by conventional bacteriological methods. S. pyogenes isolates were further tested to determine erythromycin resistance phenotype by D- test, MIC of Erythromycin by tube broth dilution method and for mef A gene by PCR. Results: Forty two S. pyogenes isolates were identified from (100) swabs taken from either ear or throat specimens (42%), isolates resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was 83.3% (35) and 31% (13) respectively. The pattern of macrolide resistance was 31% (13/ 42) cMLS phenotype, 52.3% (22/42) M phenotype and no isolate was iMLSB phenotype. Most strains with M phenotype expressed low-level macrolide resistance (MIC 1-4μg/ml), while cMLSB isolates showed a high level of erythromycin resistance (MIC ≥64 μg/ml) (highly significant: p-value 0.0001). The results confirmed a strong correlation between the M phenotype and the mef A gene in GAS (highly significant: p-value =0.001). Conclusion: Incidence of erythromycin resistance was evident among the isolates. To preserve the necessary efficacy, limited use of erythromycin is recommended.

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