Radical Birdcalls: Avian Voices and the Politics of the Involuntary

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Alice Rhodes

This essay investigates Romantic-era treatments of bird calls as “unpremeditated”, spontaneous, and involuntary. Looking at parrots, starlings, mockingbirds, gamecocks, and skylarks in the work of writers including John Thelwall, Percy Shelley, Thomas Beddoes, and Helen Maria Williams, I explore the way in which talking and singing birds are often understood through reference to materialist philosophy and the associationism of David Hartley. Taking Thelwall’s King Chaunticlere and John Gilpin’s Ghost, and Shelley’s ‘To a Sky-Lark’ and A Defence of Poetry as my main focus, I argue that these writers use materialist metaphors of unconscious avian utterance to make nuanced claims about the seemingly ambiguous role of the will in political speech.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (103) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
María Àngels Porxas Roig

Resumen:La construcción de la capacidad jurídica sobre el concepto de persona racional y capaz excluye a las personas con una enfermedad mental. A pesar de que la noción de enfermedad mental es en sí misma altamente subjetiva y dependiente de contextos históricos y socioculturales, la representación en el imaginario social de las personas con una enfermedad mental tiende a identificarlas por las características negativas que se asocian a sus diagnósticos. El artículo repasa cómo estas nociones jurídicas tradicionales, junto con la representación del enfermo mental en el imaginario colectivo, tienen un impacto en la manera como el derecho ha tratado a las personas con un diagnóstico psiquiátrico, regulando las cuestiones que les conciernen de forma normativamente diferenciada, y justificando limitaciones de derechos en este sentido. El trabajo focaliza el análisis de este tratamiento diferenciado en la institución de la incapacitación civil y en el criterio de interpretación del mejor interés, que son rechazados por la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad (2006) y reemplazados por modelos de apoyo a las decisiones y por el criterio de la voluntad y las preferencias. Estos nuevos parámetros de interpretación de la capacidad jurídica y, por lo tanto, de la constitución del sujeto de derechos, son incompatibles con la perspectiva tradicional y dominante en los sistemas jurídicos actuales, aunque conviven hasta el momento en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico. El artículo repasa también la jurisprudencia más destacada hasta el momento sobre esta cuestión y destaca el valor de los tribunales para adecuar las instituciones actuales a los nuevos parámetros de interpretación. Finalmente, hace una reflexión sobre cómo la implementación de este cambio de paradigma en el entendimiento de la capacidad jurídica y del sujeto de derechos puede tener un impacto en el modo en que la sociedad percibe a la persona con una enfermedad mental, y en su propia identidad, hacia una transformación de la representación de la enfermedad mental en unos términos menos negativos.Summary:I. The subjectivity of the mentally ill and of mental illness. II. The role of law in categorisation. III. The subject of rights in relation to capacity. IV. Legal incompetence and the crash of two legal criterions of interpretation: best interest vs the will and preferences. V. The role of the legal precedents. VI. Conclusion.Abstract:Legal capacity is build-up on the concepts of rationality and capability, which exclude persons with mental illness. Although the notion of mental illness is highly subjective and dependent on historical and sociocultural contexts, the representation on the collective imagination of persons with mental illness tends to identify them by the negative characteristics associated to their diagnosis. The paper reviews how these traditional legal notions, together with the collective imagination representation of the mentally ill, have an impact on the way law has treated persons with a psychiatric diagnostic. It has approached issues that concern them mainly through normative differences and justifying its rights limitations. This work focuses the analysis on the differenced treatment imposed by the civil institution of guardianship and the best interest criterion of interpretation used tojustify it, which are both rejected by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) and replaced by decision support models and by the criterion of the will and preferences. These new values of interpretation of the legal capacity, and thus of the constitution of the subject of rights, are incompatible with the traditional and dominant approach in the current legal systems, despite they coexist now. The paper also analyses the most significant case law on this issue and highlights the value of the courts to adjust the current institutions to the new parameters of interpretation. Finally, it considers how the impact of the change of paradigm on the notions of legal capacity and subject of rights might transform the way society recognizes the person with a mental illness and its own identification, towards a less negative representation of mental illness.


2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-516
Author(s):  
Neil O'Sullivan

Of the hundreds of Greek common nouns and adjectives preserved in our MSS of Cicero, about three dozen are found written in the Latin alphabet as well as in the Greek. So we find, alongside συμπάθεια, also sympathia, and ἱστορικός as well as historicus. This sort of variation has been termed alphabet-switching; it has received little attention in connection with Cicero, even though it is relevant to subjects of current interest such as his bilingualism and the role of code-switching and loanwords in his works. Rather than addressing these issues directly, this discussion sets out information about the way in which the words are written in our surviving MSS of Cicero and takes further some recent work on the presentation of Greek words in Latin texts. It argues that, for the most part, coherent patterns and explanations can be found in the alphabetic choices exhibited by them, or at least by the earliest of them when there is conflict in the paradosis, and that this coherence is evidence for a generally reliable transmission of Cicero's original choices. While a lack of coherence might indicate unreliable transmission, or even an indifference on Cicero's part, a consistent pattern can only really be explained as an accurate record of coherent alphabet choice made by Cicero when writing Greek words.


Author(s):  
Linda MEIJER-WASSENAAR ◽  
Diny VAN EST

How can a supreme audit institution (SAI) use design thinking in auditing? SAIs audit the way taxpayers’ money is collected and spent. Adding design thinking to their activities is not to be taken lightly. SAIs independently check whether public organizations have done the right things in the right way, but the organizations might not be willing to act upon a SAI’s recommendations. Can you imagine the role of design in audits? In this paper we share our experiences of some design approaches in the work of one SAI: the Netherlands Court of Audit (NCA). Design thinking needs to be adapted (Dorst, 2015a) before it can be used by SAIs such as the NCA in order to reflect their independent, autonomous status. To dive deeper into design thinking, Buchanan’s design framework (2015) and different ways of reasoning (Dorst, 2015b) are used to explore how design thinking can be adapted for audits.


2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Patterson

This article addresses the increasingly popular approach to Freud and his work which sees him primarily as a literary writer rather than a psychologist, and takes this as the context for an examination of Joyce Crick's recent translation of The Interpretation of Dreams. It claims that translation lies at the heart of psychoanalysis, and that the many interlocking and overlapping implications of the word need to be granted a greater degree of complexity. Those who argue that Freud is really a creative writer are themselves doing a work of translation, and one which fails to pay sufficiently careful attention to the role of translation in writing itself (including the notion of repression itself as a failure to translate). Lesley Chamberlain's The Secret Artist: A Close Reading of Sigmund Freud is taken as an example of the way Freud gets translated into a novelist or an artist, and her claims for his ‘bizarre poems' are criticized. The rest of the article looks closely at Crick's new translation and its claim to be restoring Freud the stylist, an ordinary language Freud, to the English reader. The experience of reading Crick's translation is compared with that of reading Strachey's, rather to the latter's advantage.


2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Stefanowicz

This article undertakes to show the way that has led to the statutory decriminalization of euthanasia-related murder and assisted suicide in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It presents the evolution of the views held by Dutch society on the euthanasia related practice, in the consequence of which death on demand has become legal after less than thirty years. Due attention is paid to the role of organs of public authority in these changes, with a particular emphasis put on the role of the Dutch Parliament – the States General. Because of scarcity of space and limited length of the article, the change in the attitudes toward euthanasia, which has taken place in the Netherlands, is presented in a synthetic way – from the first discussions on admissibility of a euthanasia-related murder carried out in the 1970s, through the practice of killing patients at their request, which was against the law at that time, but with years began more and more acceptable, up to the statutory decriminalization of euthanasia by the Dutch Parliament, made with the support of the majority of society.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Gisa Jähnichen

The Sri Lankan Ministry of National Coexistence, Dialogue, and Official Languages published the work “People of Sri Lanka” in 2017. In this comprehensive publication, 21 invited Sri Lankan scholars introduced 19 different people’s groups to public readers in English, mainly targeted at a growing number of foreign visitors in need of understanding the cultural diversity Sri Lanka has to offer. This paper will observe the presentation of these different groups of people, the role music and allied arts play in this context. Considering the non-scholarly design of the publication, a discussion of the role of music and allied arts has to be supplemented through additional analyses based on sources mentioned by the 21 participating scholars and their fragmented application of available knowledge. In result, this paper might help improve the way facts about groups of people, the way of grouping people, and the way of presenting these groupings are displayed to the world beyond South Asia. This fieldwork and literature guided investigation should also lead to suggestions for ethical principles in teaching and presenting of culturally different music practices within Sri Lanka, thus adding an example for other case studies.


Theoria ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (165) ◽  
pp. 92-117
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Leebaw

What kinds of lessons can be learned from stories of those who resisted past abuses and injustices? How should such stories be recovered, and what do they have to teach us about present day struggles for justice and accountability? This paper investigates how Levi, Broz, and Arendt formulate the political role of storytelling as response to distinctive challenges associated with efforts to resist systematic forms of abuse and injustice. It focuses on how these thinkers reflected on such themes as witnesses, who were personally affected, to varying degrees, by atrocities under investigation. Despite their differences, these thinkers share a common concern with the way that organised atrocities are associated with systemic logics and grey zones that make people feel that it would be meaningless or futile to resist. To confront such challenges, Levi, Arendt and Broz all suggest, it is important to recover stories of resistance that are not usually heard or told in ways that defy the expectations of public audiences. Their distinctive storytelling strategies are not rooted in clashing theories of resistance, but rather reflect different perspectives on what is needed to make resistance meaningful in contexts where the failure of resistance is intolerable.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-220
Author(s):  
John Ranieri

A major theme in René Girard’s work involves the role of the Bible in exposing the scapegoating practices at the basis of culture. The God of the Bible is understood to be a God who takes the side of victims. The God of the Qur’an is also a defender of victims, an idea that recurs throughout the text in the stories of messengers and prophets. In a number of ways, Jesus is unique among the prophets mentioned in the Qur’an. It is argued here that while the Quranic Jesus is distinctly Islamic, and not a Christian derivative, he functions in the Qur’an in a way analogous to the role Jesus plays in the gospels. In its depiction of Jesus, the Qur’an is acutely aware of mimetic rivalry, scapegoating, and the God who comes to the aid of the persecuted. Despite the significant differences between the Christian understanding of Jesus as savior and the way he is understood in the Qur’an, a Girardian interpretation of the Qur’anic Jesus will suggest ways in which Jesus can be a bridge rather than an obstacle in Christian/Muslim dialogue.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Mouhcine El-Hajjami ◽  
Souad Slaoui

The present paper aims at examining the extent to which Moroccan cinema could establish a diasporic visual discourse that cements national identity and contests the impact of westernization on migrants. Moreover, through the analysis the way in which independent identities are constructed in the host land, the article tries to incorporate a feminist discourse to highlight the role of the female subject in retrieving its own agency by challenging patriarchal oppression. Therefore, we argue that Mohammed Ismail’s feature-length film Ici et là (Here and There) has partially succeeded in creating a space for its diasporic subjects to build up their own independent identities beyond the scope of westernization and patriarchy.


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