Jewish Views of World Religions

2012 ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Alan Brill ◽  
Rori Picker Neiss
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Multiple Models ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Universal Truth ◽  
The Way

This chapter discusses four models that past and present Jewish thinkers have adopted in understanding other religions and urge Jews to hold on to multiple models in tension with each other. Jewish inclusivism affirms the uniqueness of Judaism, but rejects the idea that non-Jews lack religion. Jewish universalists accept a universal truth available to all humanity, beyond revelation but not against it. However, religious universalists remain close to the inclusivists in that everything is grounded in the teachings of Judaism. In contrast, religious pluralism is a modern philosophical approach that accepts that one's religion is not the sole and exclusive source of truth. Jewish pluralists write that God has chosen Jews to walk the way of the Torah, Christians to follow Christ, Hindus to be guided by the Vedas, and Muslims to follow the way shown by the Quran. Finally, for Jewish exclusivists, the sole domain of truth is the Torah and Judaism is the sole path to God; those who are not Jews follow a mistaken path and are at best bystanders in the divine scheme.

scholarly journals UNITY THROUGH DIVERSITY: A CASE STUDY OF CHRISLAM IN LAGOS

Africa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marloes Janson
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Assemblage Theory ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
African Christianity ◽  
Religious Plurality ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTThis article presents an ethnographic case study of Chrislam, a series of religious movements that fuse Christian and Muslim beliefs and practices, in its socio-cultural and political-economic setting in Nigeria's former capital Lagos. In contrast to conventional approaches that study religious movements in Africa as syncretic forms of ‘African Christianity’ or ‘African Islam’, I suggest that ‘syncretism’ is a misleading term to describe Chrislam. In fact, Chrislam provides a rationale for scrutinizing the very concept of syncretism and offers an alternative analytical case for understanding its mode of religious pluralism. To account for the religious plurality in Chrislam, I employ assemblage theory because it proposes novel ways of looking at Chrislam's religious mix that are in line with the way in which its worshippers perceive their religiosity. The underlying idea in Chrislam's assemblage of Christianity and Islam is that to be a Christian or Muslim alone is not enough to guarantee success in this world and the hereafter; therefore, Chrislam worshippers participate in Christian as well as Muslim practices, appropriating the perceived powers of both.

scholarly journals Meeting Teacher Expectations in a DL Professional Development Programme - A Case Study for Sustained Applied Competence as Programme Outcome

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corné Kruger ◽  
Ona Janse van Rensburg ◽  
Marike De Witt
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Teacher Expectations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Professional Development Programme ◽  
The Way

<p class="1">Meeting teacher expectations for a professional development programme (PDP) is expected to strengthen sustainable applied competence as programme outcome since teachers will be more motivated to apply the programme content in practice. A revised distance learning (DL) programme was augmented by a practical component comprising a work-integrated portfolio and audio-visual material, aimed to support the applied competence of practising teachers in the South African context. An evaluation of the way the programme measured up to teacher expectations was deemed critical for future DL programme design. A qualitative study based on an interpretivist philosophical approach collected data of teacher expectations <em>for </em>and <em>of</em> the practical component through multiple methods. Their contributions were linked with four main themes related to applied competence as identified in the literature. Participant expectations and experiences with regards to each theme were compared by means of electronic coding through ATLASti™. The findings show a strong correlation between expectations <em>for</em> and experiences <em>of </em>the way the practical component supports the elements of applied competence. Since DL is viewed as a viable and cost effective way to improve teacher competence in developing countries, these findings serve as impetus for further investigation and refining ways to support applied competence in a distance learning professional development programme (DL PDP).</p>

scholarly journals infância, cultura visual e educação

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (36) ◽  
pp. 01-20
Author(s):  
Adriana Hoffmann Fernandes ◽  
Helenice Mirabelli Cassino
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Visual Culture ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Multiple Images ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Framing ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This article combines thoughts about childhood, visual culture and education. It is known that we live among multiple images that shape the way we see our reality, and researchers in the visual culture field investigate how this role is played out in our culture. The goal is to make some applications those ideas, to think about the relationship between the images and education. This article tries to grasp what visual culture is and in what ways presumptions about childhood generate and are generated by this association. It also discusses the genesis of these presumptions and the images they generate through a philosophical approach, questioning the role of education in a culture tied to the media, and about how children, who are familiar with multiple screens, presage a new visual literacy. We see how images play a fundamental role in the way children give meaning to the world around them and to themselves, in the context of their local culture. Given this context, it is necessary to consider how visual culture is tied to the elementary school, and what challenges confront the generation of wider and more creative ways to approach visual framing in children’s education.

The Presence of the Sophist in Our Time

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Barbara Cassin
Keyword(s):  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Universal Truth ◽  
Alter Ego ◽  
The Way

Cassin distinguishes between the way Freud read the Greeks, reinterpreting their great myths in allegorical fashion, and Lacan’s more nuanced attention to the philosophical arguments, notably of the Sophists and Presocratics, and their understanding of language, speech, or logos. As Lacan says, “The psychoanalyst is a sign of the presence of the sophist in our time, but with a different status,” and Jacques the Sophistbecomes an extended commentary on this sentence.Sophistry is often presented as philosophy’s negative alter ego, its bad other, yet the two are shown to be inextricably bound together. Cassin uses the term “logology,”coined by Novalis, to connect the shared approach of both Lacan and the Sophists to language, which becomes uncoupled from universal truth as an Aristotelian frame of reference.

Structuralism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lundell ◽  
Vincent P. Pecora
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Structural Linguistics ◽  
Universal Truth ◽  
Intellectual Movement ◽  
The Way

Structuralism, generally described, is a twentieth-century intellectual movement associated with linguistic studies in Europe, despite its vast applicability and many adherents. An initial aim of structural linguistics was to investigate – in greater detail than previously – the way language functions as a network of signification. Structuralism’s goal also typically derives from the question of whether universal truth can be revealed in this network in ways that define the constitution of thought. Structuralism focused on the whole of language, the ‘structure’ of the totality, over its individual parts or their historical development. The principles of Structuralism and its later transformations found widespread application outside of linguistics, particularly in anthropology, sociology, literary studies, semiotics, film, musicology, psychology, and philosophy.

scholarly journals Probleme rondom die Bybel in die gereformeerde teologie: besinning vanuit ’n Christelike filosofie

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Van der Walt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Church Leaders ◽  
Reformed Theology ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Reformed Tradition ◽  
The Bible ◽  
God's Word ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Way

Problems with the Bible in reformed theology: reflections from a Christian philosophical perspective The motivation for undertaking this investigation is the present tension in the reformed theology and in the reformed churches in South Africa. In spite of the fact that the reformed tradition confesses the authority of the Bible, theologians and church leaders are at the moment divided on how to view and interpret the Scriptures. They disagree about the message of God’s Word in the case of topical issues, for instance whether women should be allowed in ecclesiastical offices or on what the Bible has to say about homosexuality. The author is of the opinion that these tensions in the same church are caused, not only by different methods of interpreting the Bible but, at a much deeper level, also by the way in which one views the Bible according to different worldviews. In trying to resolve these problems and the resulting conflict of opinion, a Christian philosophical approach will be taken instead of the current theological efforts.

scholarly journals THE LIMITS OF INTERACTION AND CELEBRATIONS WITH NON-MUSLIMS IN A PLURALISTIC SOCIETY-(AN ANALYTICAL STUDY)

2020 ◽  
pp. 288-295
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Khalid ◽  
Dr. Iftikhar Aalam ◽  
Dr. Abdul Razaq
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
The Road ◽  
Arabic Word ◽  
Plural Society ◽  
The Way

In this article, it has been endeavoured to analyze the concepts of The limits of interaction and celebrations with non-Muslims in a pluralistic society. Actually, the pluralistic Religious pluralism is a combination of two words. "Religion and pluralism" follows them separately. Religion (noun) is the meaning of the way, attitude, origin and belief. The literal meaning of religion is the method or the way. The literal meaning of religion is "the road", which goes on. It is derived from the Arabic word "z-ah-b",Which means to go (walk) or pass away. After all, religion is the code of conduct by which human beings can succeed in the world and the hereafter. This way is called religion. Moreover, Greetings to non-Muslims in a pluralistic society, Exchange of gifts in a pluralistic society, Marrying a non-Muslim in a pluralistic society, Participation in non-Muslim celebrations of plural society, The slaughter of non-Muslims in a pluralistic society and its limits for Muslims, Condolences to non-Muslims in a pluralistic society and participation in funerals, Attending non-Muslim funerals in a pluralistic society, Participation in national celebrations and festivals in a pluralistic society, The problem of treatment and medicine from non-Muslims in a pluralistic society are the main issues discussed here in detail. KEY WORDS: Pluralistic, Society, Muslims, celebrations, History, philosphy, peace

scholarly journals Explaining the Minutes of Philosophy and Revealing its Symbols with the Arguments of Conclusive Legitimacy in the Light of AlTamez by Allama Abdulaziz

Fahm-i-Islam ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-190
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ground ◽  
British India ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Muslim Scholar ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Rational Reasoning ◽  
The Way

This article aims to explore the philosophical approach and the methods used by ‘Abdul-‘Azīz Firharvi in his valuable manuscript Al-tamyīz, which dealt with the philosophers and scholars differences about the interpretation of philosophy from Quran and Sunnah.‘Abdul-‘Azīz Firharvi was the famous Muslim scholar of British India in all over the world.He was adept in all Islamic sciences, but he is regarded as one of the greatest ever Mutakalim born in the land of Indo-Pak. He has written more valuable works on Ilm Al-Kla’m and Al-Tami’z is the part of his aims.This manuscript is infact the middle ground between the fanatical scholars and the philosophers who have the correct ideas, That is: philosophy should not be rejected outright because of prejudice, nor should any philosophical thought be adopted without weighing the criteria of thinking and the Qur'an and Sunnah.Allama Farharvi has adopted the same style in terms of occasion and place and has used Qur'anic and rational reasoning. This article is a link between philosophy and Islamic thought, which will not only eliminate violence from society, but will also pave the way for new scholars to examine philosophy and Islamic thought in a new perspective.

scholarly journals Unity in Diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Liam T. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
Other World ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The 19Th Century

Interfaith Scotland (IFS) represents a substantial number of religious bodies in Scotland and the representation of non-Christian religious minorities is fundamental to the interfaith movement. In a country in which religious minorities make up a tiny fraction of the population, in comparison with England and other European countries, narratives of diversity have become more prominent in the public sphere. Interfaith Scotland has depended on the world religions paradigm to promote its version of religious pluralism as embodied in its structure and represented in its literature, reinforcing the equivalency and paramount importance of the ‘major traditions’, while groups which do not fit neatly into one of these traditions have no representation on the organisation’s governing board. On the other hand, the world religions approach means that religious groups like the Scottish Pagan Federation are re-made according to that mould in Interfaith literature, with stress on an overarching intellectualised tradition constructed from disparate sources. This closely parallels the processes out of which the world religions paradigm arose in the 19th century with the construction of ‘Hinduism’, ‘Buddhism’ and other world religions as discrete intellectualised traditions.

Soup, Harmony, and Disagreement

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
DAVID B. WONG
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Moral Life ◽  
Pluralistic Societies ◽  
The Way

AbstractIs the ancient Confucian ideal of he 和, ‘harmony,’ a viable ideal in pluralistic societies composed of people and groups who subscribe to different ideals of the good and moral life? Is harmony compatible with accepting, even encouraging, difference and the freedom to think differently? I start with seminal characterizations of harmony in Confucian texts and then aim to chart ways harmony and freedom can be compatible and even mutually supportive while recognizing the constant possibility of conflict between them. I shall point out how the Confucian notion of harmony resonates with the Indian King Asoka's project of promoting religious pluralism. Along the way, I will make some comments of a ‘meta’ nature about the kind of interpretation I am offering of harmony in the Confucian texts and the use to which I am putting this interpretation by setting it in the context of societies that in important respects are quite different from the ones from which concepts of harmony originally emerged.

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