Determination of Draft Force for a 3-bottom Disc Plough Under Sandy Loam Soil Conditions

Leaching loss of nutrients hampers plant growth and contributes to environmental pollution. An experiment was conducted at the net house of Soil Science Department, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during January to May 2009 to find out the leaching loss of N, P, K and S from sandy loam soil. Each pot received 6.67 kg dry soil with an opening at the bottom for collecting leachates. Six treatments were used: T0 = control, T1 = NPKS (120, 25, 60 and 20 kg ha-1), T2 = NPKS (180, 37, 90 and 30 kg ha-1), T3 = NPKS (90, 5, 28 and 17 kg ha-1) + cowdung (2.5 t ha-1), T4 = NPKS (109, 25, 60 and 20 kg ha-1, N as USG) and T5 = as T1 but N applied as foliar spray. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Leachates were collected at 15 days interval for determination of NPKS. The total leaching loss of N, P, K and S due to different treatments ranged from 16.00 to 90.21, 0.07 to 0.29, 9.60 to 11.20 and 3.75 to 17.81 kg ha-1, respectively. Application of chemical fertilizer at higher rates resulted in greater loss of nutrients. Integrated fertilizer management with cowdung (T3) minimized such losses. Use of USG also reduced leaching loss of N, P, K and S. The application of cowdung and USG with recommended balanced fertilizer might be useful for minimizing N, P, K and S loss from wetland rice field.Bangladesh Rice j. 2016, 20(1): 59-64

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Peanut plant growth and yield as influenced by co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and some rhizo-microorganisms under sandy loam soil conditions

Annals of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.aoas.2011.05.005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 17-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

F.Sh.F. Badawi ◽

A.M.M. Biomy ◽

A.H. Desoky

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Peanut Plant ◽

Loam Soil

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Soil water drying and recharge rates as affected by tillage under continuous barley and barley-canola cropping systems in northwestern Canada

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s00-029 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

R H Azooz ◽

M A Arshad

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Water ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Time Domain Reflectometry ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Silt Loam Soil ◽

Loam Soil ◽

The Impact

In areas of the northwestern Canadian Prairies, barley and canola are grown in a short growing season with high rainfall variability. Excessively dry soil in conventional tillage (CT) in dry periods and excessively wet soil in no-tillage (NT) in wet periods could cause a significant decrease in crop production by influencing the availability of soil water. The effects of CT, NT and NT with a 7.5-cm residue-free strip on the planting rows (NTR) on soil water drying (–dW/dt) and recharge (dW/dt) rates were studied in 1992 and 1993 during wet and dry periods to evaluate the impact of NTR, NT and CT systems on soil moisture condition. The soils, Donnelly silt loam and Donnelly sandy loam (both Gray Luvisol) were selected and soil water content by depth was measured by time domain reflectometry. Water retained at 6 matric potentials from –5 to –160 kPa were observed. In the field study, –dW/dt was significantly greater in CT than in NT in the silt loam for the 0- to 30-cm layer during the first 34 d after planting in 1992. The 0- to 30-cm soil layer in CT and NTR dried faster than in NT during a period immediately following heavy rainfall in the silt loam in 1993. The drying coefficient (–Kd ) was significantly greater in CT and NTR than in NT in the silt loam soil in 1993 and in the sandy loam soil in 1992 in the top 30-cm depth. The recharge coefficient (Kr) was significantly greater in NT and NTR than in CT for the silt loam soil. The NTR system increased the –dW/dt by 1.2 × 10-2 to 12.1 × 10-2 cm d-1 in 1992 and 1993 in the silt loam soil and by 10.2 × 10-2 cm d-1 in 1993 in the sandy loam soil as compared with NT. The dW/dt was 8.1 × 10-2 cm d-1 greater in NTR in 1992 and 1993 in the silt loam soil and was 1.9 × 10-2 greater in NTR in 1992 than in CT in the sandy loam soil. The laboratory study indicated that NT soils retained more water than the CT soils. The NTR practice maintained better soil moisture conditions for crop growth than CT in dry periods than NT in wet periods. Compared with NT, the NTR avoided prolonged near-saturated soil conditions with increased soil drying rate under extremely wet soil. Key words: Water drying, water recharge, water depletion, wet and drying periods, hydraulic properties, soil capacity to retain water

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Dissipation and Leaching of Pyroxasulfone andS-Metolachlor

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-13-00047.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 72-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Eric P. Westra ◽

Dale L. Shaner ◽

Philip H. Westra ◽

Phillip L. Chapman

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Clay Loam Soil ◽

Fine Sandy Loam ◽

Northern Colorado ◽

Fine Clay ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Dry Soil

Pyroxasulfone dissipation and mobility in the soil was evaluated and compared toS-metolachlor in 2009 and 2010 at two field sites in northern Colorado, on a Nunn fine clay loam, and Olney fine sandy loam soil. Pyroxasulfone dissipation half-life (DT50) values varied from 47 to 134 d, and those ofS-metolachlor ranged from 39 to 63 d. Between years, herbicide DT50values were similar under the Nunn fine clay loam soil. Under the Olney fine sandy loam soil, dissipation in 2009 was minimal under dry soil conditions. In 2010, under the Olney fine sandy loam soil,S-metolachlor and pyroxasulfone had half-lives of 39 and 47 d, respectively, but dissipation rates appeared to be influenced by movement of herbicides below 30 cm. Herbicide mobility was dependent on site-year conditions, in all site-years pyroxasulfone moved further downward in the soil profile compared toS-metolachlor.

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Nitrous oxide emissions as affected by liquid and solid pig manures applied to annual and perennial forage crops on a sandy loam soil

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2015-0052 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. 361-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Paligwendé Nikièma ◽

O.O. Akinremi ◽

M. Tenuta

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Pig Manure ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Manure Application ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Loam Soil

Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O-N) from manure applied to annual crop (AC) and perennial forage (PF) are poorly quantified for the Canadian Prairie Region. This study used static chambers over two growing seasons to assess soil N2O-N emissions from solid pig manure (SPM) and liquid pig manure (LPM) in AC and PF systems on a sandy loam soil. In 2011, when manure application coincided with hot and wet soil conditions, both manure treatments in AC induced N2O-N emission episodes a week later. In the PF, however, only LPM resulted in an N2O-N emission peak after 8 d. In 2012, manure application did not coincide with hot and wet soil conditions, and emission rates were smaller. Overall, the effect of manure type was inconsistent. In 2011, cumulative emissions in AC from LPM and SPM were 5.8 and 7.8 kg N2O-N ha−1, respectively, and in PF were 10.7 and 0.6 kg N2O-N ha−1, respectively. In 2012, cumulative emissions were <1 kg N2O-N ha−1, except LPM in PF. In 2011, LPM had significantly higher emission factor (EF ≍ 7%) than SPM (≤0.2%) in both AC and PF, whereas in 2012 manure type had no effect on EF (≍ 0). Over the two growing seasons and across manure types, EF did not differ between AC and PF. These results suggest that SPM would reduce N2O-N emission relative to LPM when conditions favor intense denitrification.

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Depth distribution of preferential flow patterns in a sandy loam soil as affected by tillage

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-1-769-1997 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 769-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C. T. Petersen ◽

S. Hansen ◽

H. E. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Preferential Flow ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Flow Patterns ◽

Structural Features ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Flow Pathways

Abstract. Dye-tracer studies using the anionic dye Brilliant Blue FCF were conducted on a structured sandy loam soil (Typic Agrudalf). 25 mm of dye solution was applied to the surface of 11 1.6 x 1.6 m field plots, some of which had been subjected to conventional seed bed preparation (harrowing) while others had been rotovated to either 5 or 15 cm depth before sowing. The soil was excavated to about 160 cm depth one or two days after dye application. Flow patterns and structural features appearing on vertical or horizontal cross sections were examined and photographed. The flow patterns were digitized, and depth functions for the number of activated flow pathways and the degree of dye coverage were calculated. Dye was found below 100 cm depth on 26 out of 33 vertical cross sections made in conventionally tilled plots showing that preferential flow was a prevailing phenomenon. The depth-averaged number of stained flow pathways in the 25-100 cm layer was significantly smaller in a plot rotovated to 5 cm depth than in a conventionally tilled plot, both under relatively dry initial soil conditions and when the entire soil profiles were initially at field capacity. There were no examples of dye penetration below 25 cm depth one month after deep rotovation. Distinct horizontal structures in flow patterns appearing at 20-40 cm depth coupled with changes in flow domains indicated soil layering with abrupt changes in soil structure and hydraulic properties.

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Pre-emergence herbicidal activity and persistence of 2,4-di-tertbutylphenol in relation to soil types

Plant Omics ◽

10.21475/poj.14.01.21.p3265 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 30-37

Author(s):

Norhafizah Md Zain ◽

Mazira Che Mat ◽

Chuah Tse Seng

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Application Rate ◽

Herbicidal Activity ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Soil Types ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Silt Loam Soil ◽

Loam Soil

Although 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) has demonstrated strong phytotoxic effect on various weedy plants in previous findings, research on its pre-emergence herbicidal activity in the soil is still scanty. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two soil types on pre-emergence herbicidal activity and persistence of 2,4-DTBP. The bioassay was carried out in a growth chamber where goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] seeds were sown in different rates of 2,4-DTBP in two soil series under sterilized and non-sterilized soil conditions. Bioassays of each treatment were conducted in four replicates and arranged in completely randomized design. 2,4-DTBP exhibited potent pre-emergence activity as a root inhibitor where it completely inhibited (100% inhibition) of the root growth of E. indica in sandy loam soil at an application rate of 6.14 kg ai/ha. 2,4-DTBP was rapidly detoxified in silt loam soil as a result of high microbial activity where it completely lost its phytotoxicity by giving 100% emergence within 10 weeks even it was applied at an application as high as 20.4 kg ai/ha. However, 2,4-DTBP remained highly phytotoxic in sandy loam soil where it reduced the root and shoot growth by 47 and 36%, respectively, throughout 10 weeks duration of the investigation. The presence of microbes in non-sterilized soil further suggest that soil microbes may modify the chemical structure of the 2,4-DTBP, which in turn decreased its toxicity. The high level of pre-emergence herbicidal activity in conjunction with its biodegradation in silt loam soil imply that 2,4-DTBP may have potential for development as a natural-soil applied herbicide

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Nitrification of urea and its loss through volatilization of ammonia under different soil conditions

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600021596 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 47-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. Wahhab ◽

Mahmud Khan ◽

M. Ishaq

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Total Loss ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Soil Nitrification ◽

Loam Soil

Nitrification of urea and its loss through the volatilization of NH3 were studied under different soil conditions. Under all conditions less urea was nitrified and more time was needed for its nitrification in sandy than in sandy loam soil. Nitrification was favoured at lower concentration of urea, onethird moisture of the moisture-holding capacity and at neutrality or the alkaline pH.Loss of NH3 was found to be twice as much from the sandy loam as from the sandy soil. It was also found that half of the total loss occurred during first drying. Loss of NH3 from urea was found to be proportional to its concentration. The loss increased with the increase in soil moisture and temperature; but it decreased with the decrease in pH on the acid side and the increase in depth of its placement.

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