scholarly journals RESEARCH ON ANAEROBICALLY TREATED ORGANIC WASTE SUITABILITY FOR SOIL FERTILISATION/ANAEROBIŠKAI PERDIRBTŲ ORGANINIŲ ATLIEKŲ TINKAMUMO DIRVOŽEMIUI TRĘŠTI TYRIMAI/ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРИГОДНОСТИ АНАЭРОБНО ПЕРЕРАБОТАННЫХ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ОТХОДОВ ДЛЯ УДОБРЕНИЯ ПОЧВ

Author(s):  
Mindaugas Kvasauskas ◽  
Pranas Baltrėnas

One of the most promising methods to convert organic waste into alternative energy and still obtain fertiliser is anaerobic digestion of waste in bioreactors. To evaluate the suitability of biodegraded organic waste for soil fertilisation, an experiment aimed at determining the amount of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metals contained in this waste and testing of its pH was carried out. The following organic waste was used for the research: sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants, fruit and vegetable waste, hen manure, piggery slurry and grain. The biggest contents of nitrogen and phosphorus were determined in anaerobically treated swine manure and therefore, it was found the most suitable organic fertiliser to remediate exhausted soils and used‐up areas. Treated swine manure contains 8.27 mg/l of nitrogen and 293.1 mg/l of phosphorus. The biggest contents of heavy metals were determined in anaerobically treated sewage sludge from wastewater plants. The concentration of chromium amounts to 1.53 mg/kg, that of zinc ‐21.28 mg/kg, manganese ‐ 50.03 mg/kg, lead ‐ 10.46 mg/kg, copper ‐ 50.48 mg/kg and nickel ‐ 12.88 mg/kg. In none of the researched cases heavy metal concentrations in treated organic waste exceeded the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). Anaerobically treated swine manure and sewage sludge with the highest pH indicators, 7 and 7.1, respectively, are most suitable for the fertilisation of acid soils. It could be proposed that digested pig manure is best soil fertilizer from all investigated organic wastes when biogenic elements, heavy metals and pH were measured. Santrauka Vienas iš perspektyviausių metodų organines atliekas paversti alternatyvia energija ir dar gauti trąšą – anaerobinis atliekų skaidymas bioreaktoriuose. Biologiškai suskaidytų organinių atliekų tinkamumas panaudoti dirvai tręšti įvertintas atlikus eksperimentą. Jo tikslas buvo ištirti bendrojo azoto, bendrojo fosforo, sunkiųjų metalų kiekius šiose atliekose bei nustatyti jų pH. Tyrimams naudotos organinės atliekos: nuotekų valymo dumblas, vaisių ir daržovių atliekos, vištų mėšlas, kiaulidžių srutos ir žlaugtas. Nustatyta, kad daugiausia azoto ir fosforo turi anaerobiškai perdirbtas kiaulių mėšlas, todėl jis tinkamiausias kaip organinė trąša labiausiai nualintiems dirvožemiams bei išeksploatuotiems plotams rekultivuoti. Azoto perdirbtame kiaulių mėšle yra 8,27 mg/l, fosforo – 293,1 mg/l. Didžiausi sunkiųjų metalų kiekiai nustatyti anaerobiškai perdirbtame nuotekų valyklos dumble. Chromo koncentracija siekia 1,53 mg/kg, cinko – 21,28 mg/kg, mangano – 50,03 mg/kg, švino – 10,46 mg/kg, vario – 50,48 mg/kg, nikelio – 12,88 mg/kg. Nė vienu iš tirtų atvejų sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos perdirbtose organinėse atliekose neviršijo DLK. Labiausiai rūgštiesiems dirvožemiams tręšti tinka anaerobiškai perdirbtas kiaulių mėšlas ir nuotekų valymo dumblas, kurių pH rodiklis didžiausias – siekia atitinkamai 7 ir 7,1. Įvertinus biogeninių elementų ir sunkiųjų metalų kiekį bei pH, galima teigti, kad dirvai tręšti iš tirtųjų organinių atliekų tinkamiausias yra kiaulių mėšlas. Резюме Одним из наиболее перспективных методов преобразования органических отходов в альтернативную энергию и удобрения является анаэробное сбраживание отходов в биореакторах. Для оценки пригодности внесения в почву биологически переработанных органических отходов в виде удобрений проводился эксперимент с целью определения суммы содержащихся в отходах общего азота, общего фосфора, тяжелых металлов и рН. Для исследований в качестве органических отходов использовался ил сточных вод из очистных сооружений, фруктово-овощные отходы, куриный помет, навоз и навозная жижа. Наибольшее содержание азота и фосфора было определено в анаэробно переработанном свином навозе, поэтому он наиболее приемлем в качестве органического удобрения для восстановления и рекультивации почв. Обработанный свиной навоз содержит 8,27 мг/л азота и 293,1 мг/л фосфора. Наибольшее содержание тяжелых металлов было установлено в анаэробно переработанном иле из сточных вод предприятий. Концентрация хрома в нем составляла 1,53 мг/кг, цинка – 21,28 мг/кг, марганца – 50,03 мг/кг, свинца – 10,46 мг/кг, меди – 50,48 мг/кг, никеля – 12,88 мг/кг. Ни в одном из исследованных случаев концентрации тяжелых металлов в переработанных органических отходах не превышали максимально допустимых концентраций (ПДК). Для удобрения кислых почв наиболее приемлем анаэробно переработанный свиной навоз и ил стоков из очистителей, содержащие высший показатель pH (соответственно 7 и 7,1). На основании полученных величин биогенных элементов, тяжелых металлов и pH можно утверждать, что из всех исследованных органических отходов наиболее пригоден для удобрения почв свиной навоз.

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Milda Radžiūtė ◽  
Audronė Matusevičiūtė

Sewage dump is the main organic waste component accumulating in water treatment companies, and therefore the utilization of dump remains a burning issue. Fertilization is the most popular and cheapest way of using sewage dump a part of which is intended for agriculture in most European countries for composting purposes. Sewage dump or its compost are suitable for fertilizing the upper layers of the soil in cases the concentration of heavy metals is not greater than sanitarian standards can tolerate. The examinations were carried out using different waste dump rates from Vilnius water treatment facility in willow (Salix viminalis) grown cultivated fields. The analysis of the soil was executed after one and two years following the fertilization process. The obtained results indicate that waste dump is a valuable organic fertilizer which contains small amounts of heavy metals. Separate heavy metals migrate from sewage sludge compost to plants differently. It was noted that the concentration of heavy metals in willows was greater (except for Pb and Cd) than that in the soil.


2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane de A. Silva ◽  
Adriana M. da Costa ◽  
Regina M. Q. Lana ◽  
Ângela M. Q. Lana

The utilization of organic wastes represents an alternative to recover degraded pasture. The experiment aimed to assess the changes caused by the provision of different organic waste (poultry litter, turkey litter and pig manure) in a medium-textured Oxisol in Brazilian Savanna under degraded pasture. It was applied different doses of waste compared to the use of mineral fertilizers and organic mineral and evaluated the effect on soil parameters (pH, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium) and leaf of Brachiariadecumbens (crude protein, phosphorus and dry mass production). It was observed that application of organic waste did not increase the level of soil organic matter and pH in the surface layer, and the application of turkey litter caused acidification at depths of 0.20-0.40 m and 0.40-0.60 m. There was an increase in P and K in the soil with the application of poultry litter and swine manure. All organic wastes increased the productivity of dry matter and crude protein and phosphorus. The recycling of nutrients via the application of organic waste allows efficiency of most parameters similar to those observed with the use of mineral sources, contributing to improving the nutritional status of soil-plantsystem.


1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Couillard ◽  
Shucai Zhu

Bacterial leaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge with different iron containing compounds as energy substrates was studied in a batch system using a culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. It was proven that spent FeSO4∙7H2O and pyrite met the criteria of an energy substrate and could be substituted for reagent grade FeSO4∙7H2O. This substitution could significantly reduce energy substrate cost: 99% with spent FeSO4∙7H2O and 94% with pyrite. The solid aspect of pyrite compromises its use. Key words: energy substrate, bioleaching, heavy metals, solubilization, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, sewage sludge.


2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1412-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kołecka ◽  
Hanna Obarska-Pempkowiak

In previous research the fertilizer value of sludge from reed beds was evaluated based on the sampling sludge on different depths from four Danish sludge treatment reed beds (STRB) after long periods of stabilization. The dewatering efficiency of sewage sludge in the STRB is comparable to mechanical dewatering. The long-term stabilization of sewage sludge progressively decreases the concentration of organic matter due to the process of humification. The aim of the work was to determine the changes of organic matter concentration, nutrients concentrations as well as speciation of selected heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu and Zn) in vertical profile of the sewage sludge stabilized in the STRB for 7–15 years. The analyzed sewage sludge was collected from the STRB treating sludge from four municipal wastewater treatment plants located in Denmark serving from 9,000 to 40,000 person equivalent. Analyzed heavy metals (except for Zn) were mostly bound with the most stable – residual – fraction. The most stable metals were Pb and Cr, where the share of the residual fraction exceeded 80.0%. The most mobile metal was Zn, where the share of the mobile fractions (calculated as the sum of I, II and III fractions) exceeded 85.0%. The high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus is the decisive factor in the high valuation of sludge stabilized in the STRB as fertilizer.


Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Baoling Duan ◽  
Qiang Feng

Sewage sludge and livestock (chicken, swine and cattle) manure samples were collected from the Yanmenguan Cattle Herbivorous Livestock Area to compare the potential ecological and human health risks caused by heavy metals contained in them. In this study, the Class II level of Quality Control of Imported Organic Fertilizers is selected as the limit standard value of heavy metals. Based on the mean content values, no heavy metal in cattle manure was higher than the limit standard value; the content of Cu in swine manure was higher than the limit of Cu; the content of Zn in sewage sludge, chicken manure and swine manure were all higher than the limit of Zn; and the content of Cr in sewage sludge and chicken manure were all higher than the limit of Cr. Results indicated that sewage sludge and livestock manure all had high contents of Zn, Cu and Cr. The mean pollution index (PI) suggested that Cu, Zn, As and Cr in sewage sludge and livestock manures all induced potential ecological risks. According to the mean Nemerow’s synthetic pollution index (PN) values, swine manure had the highest potential ecological risk for agricultural use. Daily exposure to Cu, Zn and Cr was higher than other heavy metals from sewage sludge and livestock manures, and heavy metal exposure was always higher for children than adults, with ingestion as the main pathway. Non-carcinogenic risk was caused mainly by Cu and Cr, based on the higher hazard quotient (HQ) values for adults and children. There was no non-carcinogenic risk for all people, except exposure of Cu from swine manure for children, which was 1.76 times higher than the threshold value of 1. According to the mean hazard index (HI) values, only swine manure had a non-carcinogenic risk for children. As the carcinogenic risk index (Risk) values were continuously greater for As than Cd, As had a higher carcinogenic risk than Cd. There was no carcinogenic risk for any single heavy metal, although As exposure from sewage sludge was found to have an inapparent carcinogenic risk for both adults and children. Regarding the RISK value, sewage sludge had an unacceptable carcinogenic risk for adults and children, and swine manure had an unacceptable risk for children only. In general, for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, ingestion was the main pathway, and children were more sensitive than adults. Comparing the four kinds of organic waste, cattle manure was the safest for agricultural use in terms of ecological and human health risks. In multiple comparisons, swine manure was significantly different regarding potential ecological risk and non-carcinogenic risk, and sewage sludge was significantly different regarding carcinogenic risk.


Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Łapiński ◽  
Wiater

This research concerns the comparison of chemical compositions and the content of basic nutrients, heavy metals, and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), found in manure, sewage sludge, and digestate.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Jolanta Latosińska ◽  
Robert Kowalik ◽  
Jarosław Gawdzik

Sewage sludge (SS) is a by-product of processes conducted during the treatment of wastewater. It can be used in many different ways. One of them is the use of SS in agriculture as an organic fertiliser, but the main criterion for such use is the heavy metals (HMs) content. Knowledge of the total content of HMs in SS does not translate into the danger it may pose. The toxicity of metals is largely dependent on their mobility. The mobility of SS from three different wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, which were characterised by an increased zinc content, was examined in this study. The aim of the study was to prove whether the high level of zinc in SS actually disqualifies the possibility of its natural use. Calculations were made for five environmental hazard indicators: the geoaccumulation index of heavy metals in soil (Igeo), potential environmental risk indicator (PERI), risk assessment code (RAC), environmental risk factor (ERF), and the authors’ own environmental risk determinant (ERD) indicator. The obtained results show how important mobility analysis is when assessing the possibility of natural use of SS.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 16537-16547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyu Xie ◽  
Guangwei Yu ◽  
Chunxing Li ◽  
Futian You ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2023-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka A. Pilarska ◽  
Krzysztof Pilarski ◽  
Boguslawa Waliszewska ◽  
Magdalena Zborowska ◽  
Kamil Witaszek ◽  
...  

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Emmerich ◽  
L. J. Lund ◽  
A. L. Page ◽  
A. C. Chang

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