scholarly journals Recycling of nutrients with application of organic waste in degraded pasture

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane de A. Silva ◽  
Adriana M. da Costa ◽  
Regina M. Q. Lana ◽  
Ângela M. Q. Lana

The utilization of organic wastes represents an alternative to recover degraded pasture. The experiment aimed to assess the changes caused by the provision of different organic waste (poultry litter, turkey litter and pig manure) in a medium-textured Oxisol in Brazilian Savanna under degraded pasture. It was applied different doses of waste compared to the use of mineral fertilizers and organic mineral and evaluated the effect on soil parameters (pH, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium) and leaf of Brachiariadecumbens (crude protein, phosphorus and dry mass production). It was observed that application of organic waste did not increase the level of soil organic matter and pH in the surface layer, and the application of turkey litter caused acidification at depths of 0.20-0.40 m and 0.40-0.60 m. There was an increase in P and K in the soil with the application of poultry litter and swine manure. All organic wastes increased the productivity of dry matter and crude protein and phosphorus. The recycling of nutrients via the application of organic waste allows efficiency of most parameters similar to those observed with the use of mineral sources, contributing to improving the nutritional status of soil-plantsystem.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Wilker A. Morais ◽  
Frederico A. L. Soares ◽  
Fernando N. Cunha ◽  
Marconi B. Teixeira ◽  
Cicero T. S. Costa ◽  
...  

Information on the potential of organic matter for soil fertility is important to an efficiently replenishment of nutrients. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of millet plants grown in soil fertilized with different rates of organic wastes, through biometric variables. A randomized block experimental design with a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement was used with four replications, consisting of 32 experimental units. The treatments consisted of four organic matter sources (swine manure, sewage sludge, bovine manure, and poultry litter), and two organic matter rates (10 and 20 dm3); 50 dm3 pots filled with an agricultural soil that is predominant in the region were used. The pots were filled with 80% of soil and 20% of organic matter (10 dm3); and with 60% of soil and 40% of organic matter (20 dm3). Plant height (PH), leaf area (LA), stem diameter (SD), and number of expanded leaves (NL) were evaluated at 20, 40, 60, and 80 days after sowing (DAS); panicle length (PNL), and panicle diameter (PD) were measured at 80 DAS. All biometric variables evaluated indicated that the better organic matter rate for soil fertilization for millet crops is 10 dm3. In general, the highest panicle lengths and diameters were found in plants grown in soil with bovine manure.


2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
José de Souza Oliveira Filho ◽  
Thales Vinicius de Araújo Viana ◽  
Benito Moreira de Azevedo ◽  
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira

Understanding the dynamics of the organic matter and nutrients in pig manure submitted to anaerobic digestion is important to assist in decision-making regarding the use of anaerobic biofertilizer in agriculture. Accordingly, this study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the changes in organic matter, quantified as the content of carbon in the humic and oxidizable fractions, and in the content of the organic and inorganic forms of phosphorus in the solid fraction of the manure, as a function of digestion time in anaerobic reactors. Evaluations were carried out after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days of digestion, and the results were compared to the raw manure. Changes in organic matter occurred mostly in the labile fractions (fulvic acid and the F1 fraction), the content of which underwent a reduction, favoring the accumulation of more recalcitrant fractions in the final biofertilizer (humic acid and the F2, F3, and F4 fractions). Total P content did not change throughout the digestion process. However, the size of inorganic fraction of water-extractable P decreased by 16.7% after 49 days of digestion, as it was consumed by the decomposing microbiota to form stabilized organic matter, which accumulated along with the more recalcitrant fractions of P in the final biofertilizer. Therefore, the use of swine manure-derived anaerobic biofertilizer has less risk of environmental contamination with excessive P than the direct application of raw manure to the soil.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Elane Tyara de Jesus Siqueira ◽  
Rosane Claudia Rodrigues ◽  
José Roberto Brito Freitas ◽  
André Da Silva Alves ◽  
Zinaldo Firmino da Silva ◽  
...  

Sugarcane may be a potential feed source for ruminants in tropical and subtropical areas. An important factor that can influence the nutritional quality of sugarcane for animal feeding is nitrogen fertilization management, however, studies on this subject are still scarce. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources on the quality and productivity of sugarcane as a forage resource. The variety of sugarcane used was RB92579, with application of nitrogen (N) sources (urea, poultry litter, swine manure) and control (without N application). Stalk productivity and dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, Brix, NDF / Brix ratio, and in situ digestibility were analyzed during incubation periods of 6, 24, and 72 hours. At the end of the study, it was found that the N sources did not interfere with sugarcane stalk productivity (P> 0.05), with an average productivity of 102 t ha-1. The N treatments did not influence (P> 0.05) in the nutritional quality of sugarcane, when evaluating the contents of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, Brix and NDF / Brix ratio. The dry matter degradation had an effect (P <0.05) for the different N sources and incubation times, where poultry litter and swine manure treatments showed higher values for degradation at 72 hours of incubation. The different N organic sources did not interfere in the chemical composition and productivity of the sugarcane culture, however it presented better results in the in situ degradability of the dry matter. This, it can be recommended that mineral nitrogen fertilizers can be replaced by organic fertilizers.


Author(s):  
Monica HĂRMĂNESCU ◽  
Alexandru MOISUC

This paper presents researches regarding the influence of organic (sheep manure) and NPK mineral fertilizers on the soil parameters and total crude protein content (%) of forages, harvested in the middle of May, 2008, from a permanent meadow situated near Grădinari, in Caraş-Severin district. The studied permanent meadow was organized in ten trials fertilized with different doses of NPK mineral fertilizers, organic (sheep manure) and organic-mineral fertilizers. For each trial was made five replications. The total nitrogen content (%) was determinated by Kjeldahl method, and total crude protein was calculated by multiplying total nitrogen content with 6.25. The soil pH was determinated in aqueous solution (ratio soil / water = 1/10) using potentiometric method. Mobile forms of potassium and phosphorus were determinated by Egner-Riehm-Domingo method, extracted from soil with an acetate-lactate solution buffered at pH= 4.6, at 1/5 soil-solution ratio. The statistical interpretation was performed with Multivariate Exploratory Techniques, Cluster Analysis, implemented in Statistica 6 software. Using Cluster Analysis is possible to show the influence of organic and mineral fertilizers on the soil parameters (pH, total nitrogen content, mobile form of P, and mobile form of K) and total crude protein content of forages from the permanent meadow from Gradinari (Caraş-Severin District) by grouping all ten experimental trials in three main groups.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9008
Author(s):  
Shadman Khan ◽  
Zahir Shah ◽  
Ishaq Ahmad Mian ◽  
Khadim Dawar ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
...  

A research study was established at the research farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during winter 2018–2019. Commercial biochars were given to the experimental site from 2014 to summer 2018 and received 0.95, 130 and 60 tons ha−1 of biochar by various treatments viz., (Biochar1) BC1, (Biochar2) BC2, (Biochar3) BC3 and (Biochar4) BC4, respectively. This piece of work was conducted within the same study to find the long-term influence of biochar on the fertility of the soil, fixation of N2, as well as the yie1d of chickpea under a mung–chickpea cropping system. A split plot arrangement was carried out by RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) to evaluate the study. Twenty-five kilograms of N ha−1 were given as a starter dosage to every plot. Phosphorous and potassium were applied at two levels (half (45:30 kg ha−1) and full (90:60 kg ha−1) recommended doses) to each of the four biochar treatments. The chickpea crop parameters measured were the numbers and masses of the nodules, N2 fixation and grain yield. Soil parameters recorded were Soil Organic Matter (SOM), total N and mineral N. The aforementioned soil parameters were recorded after harvesting. The results showed that nodulation in chickpea, grain yield and nutrient uptake were significantly enhanced by phosphorous and potassium mineral fertilizers. The application of biochar 95 tons ha−1 significantly enhanced number of nodules i-e (122), however statistically similar response in terms of nodules number was also noted with treatment of 130 tons ha−1. The results further revealed a significant difference in terms of organic matter (OM) (%) between the half and full mineral fertilizer treatments. With the application of 130 tons ha−1 of biochar, the OM enhanced from 1.67% in the control treatment, to 2.59%. However, total and mineral nitrogen were not statistically enhanced by the mineral fertilizer treatment. With regard to biochar treatments, total and mineral N enhanced when compared with the control treatment. The highest total N of 0.082% and mineral nitrogen of 73 mg kg−1 in the soil were recorded at 130 tons ha−1 of biochar, while the lowest total N (0.049%) and mineral nitrogen (54 mg kg−1) in the soil were recorded in the control treatment. The collaborative influence of mineral fertilizers and biochars was found to be generally non-significant for most of the soil and plant parameters. It could be concluded that the aforementioned parameters were greater for treatments receiving biochar at 95 tons or more per hectare over the last several years, and that the combination of lower doses of mineral fertilizers further improved the performance of biochar.


1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BROSH ◽  
Y. AHARONI ◽  
D. LEVY ◽  
Z. HOLZER

Two experiments were carried out in order to study the effect of the ash content of poultry litter (PL) on its nutritional value. In Expt 1, broiler PL was incorporated in the proportions of 30 and 45% into diets based on wheat straw supplemented with 20% maize grain. The PL was either fresh (containing 19% ash) or had been heated in a stack (giving 26% ash). There were also two additional diets containing 45% fresh PL to which either ground limestone or wood ash had been added to provide the same ash content as the diets containing 45% stored, high ash PL. An in vivo digestibility and nitrogen balance trial was carried out. Storing the PL, which resulted in heating and an increase in ash content, reduced dry matter intake significantly. The largest and most significant effect on the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein can be ascribed to the freshness of the PL. Stored, heated PL had a highly negative effect on crude protein digestibility and on nitrogen retention. No negative effect of adding extrinsic ash was recorded. In Expt 2, the nutritional value of layer PL (LPL), compared with that of broiler PL (BPL), was examined using ten beef cows before and after calving. The diet was composed of 45% PL, 35% wheat straw (WS) and 20% maize grain. Daily dry matter intakes were 12·7 and 16·2 g/kg liveweight (LW) before calving and 15·5 and 22·8 g/kg LW after calving, for cows fed LPL and BPL, respectively. Owing to the combined effect of the lower dry matter intake, lower gross energy content and lower digestibility of LPL, the digestible energy intake of BPL diets was almost three-fold, and nitrogen absorption (g/kg LW0·75) on the BPL was 2·4-fold higher than on the LPL diets. Because the ash intake of both diets was similar, it is suggested that the main inhibiting factor of intake after calving was the rumen's ability to mobilize the large amounts of ash-rich complexes of ash and organic matter to the reticular omasal orifice and, consequently, out of the rumen.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Nyakeri ◽  
H.J.O. Ogola ◽  
M.A. Ayieko ◽  
F.A. Amimo

Insects such as the black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) are currently being promoted as an alternative protein source for animals and organic waste management agents. To play the dual roles sustainably, there is need to reduce reliance on wild BSF and develop an appropriate farming methodology for the insect. This study aimed at improving larvae production in a black soldier fly colony previously established from the wild in Kenya. The study explored the effect of four locally available organic wastes as feedstocks for production the black soldier fly larvae. Separate feeding trials on faecal sludge (FS), banana peelings (BP), brewer’s waste (BW) and restaurant food waste (FR) was done and their effect on BSF larvae growth rate, larvae weight, total prepupal yield in grams, crude protein and lipid (ether extract) content analysed. The efficiency of the BSF larvae to consume and therefore reduce the waste load of the different substrates was also evaluated. Results showed that BSF larvae fed on FR had significantly higher (P<0.05) total mean yield and average individual weight of 196.9±4.0 g and 0.101±0.002 g, respectively, followed by BW (154.8±6.5 g, 0.078±0.02 g), FS (138.7±5.0 g, 0.070±0.001 g) and with BP the lowest (108.9±5.6 g, 0.055±0.002 g). The harvested BSF larvae crude protein was significantly higher for FS and BW at 45.4±0.1% and 43.0±1.0%, respectively. However, ether extract content was variable and dependent on feedstock used with lower values reported for FS and BW (18.1±0.3% and 27.2%, respectively), and highest for food remains prepupa (36%). Dry matter reduction ranged between 50.3-81.8% with corresponding bioconversion and feed conversion rates ranging from 14.9-20.8% and 2.6-4.5, respectively, was achieved for the substrates used. These results indicated the potential of utilising BSF composting in valorisation of the local organic wastes for their bioremediation from the environment. Due to their availability in large quantities and their low cost, these organic wastes can form important feedstock resources for the sustainable production of BSF larvae as a future alternative protein source for both animal feeds at farm level and industrial scale. In conclusion, embracing nutrient recycling through BSF technology by resource-constrained farmers in Kenya will contribute to food security through supply of proteins for production of poultry and fish.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Wilker A. Morais ◽  
Frederico A. L. Soares ◽  
Fernando N. Cunha ◽  
Marconi B. Teixeira ◽  
Cicero T. S. Costa ◽  
...  

The losses of essential elements to crops make necessary to correct soil fertility to meet the nutritional requirements of plants, which can be achieved by increasing soil organic matter. The objective of this work was to evaluate the leaf nutritional conditions of millet plants grown in soils fertilized with organic wastes from different sources at different rates. Organic matter can make the soil more productive and suitable to agricultural crops. A randomized block experimental design with a 4 &times; 2 factorial arrangement was used with four replications, consisting of 32 experimental units. The treatments consisted of four organic matter sources (swine manure, sewage sludge, bovine manure, and poultry litter), and two organic matter rates (20% and 40% of the pot volume). Boron extraction was performed by dry digestion&mdash;the organic matter of the plant tissue was incinerated in an electric muffle furnace at 450-550 &ordm;C, and the inorganic residue (ash) was dissolved in a dilute acid solution. N, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn was extracted through wet digestion&mdash;the organic matter of the leaf tissue was oxidized by concentrated mineral acids and by heat. N, P, S, B, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn was determined by spectrophotometry. K was determined by flame photometry. All macro and micronutrient contents in the millet leaves, and biometric parameters of the millet panicle were affected by the organic matter sources, organic matter rates, and the interaction between them.


Author(s):  
Mindaugas Kvasauskas ◽  
Pranas Baltrėnas

One of the most promising methods to convert organic waste into alternative energy and still obtain fertiliser is anaerobic digestion of waste in bioreactors. To evaluate the suitability of biodegraded organic waste for soil fertilisation, an experiment aimed at determining the amount of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metals contained in this waste and testing of its pH was carried out. The following organic waste was used for the research: sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants, fruit and vegetable waste, hen manure, piggery slurry and grain. The biggest contents of nitrogen and phosphorus were determined in anaerobically treated swine manure and therefore, it was found the most suitable organic fertiliser to remediate exhausted soils and used‐up areas. Treated swine manure contains 8.27 mg/l of nitrogen and 293.1 mg/l of phosphorus. The biggest contents of heavy metals were determined in anaerobically treated sewage sludge from wastewater plants. The concentration of chromium amounts to 1.53 mg/kg, that of zinc ‐21.28 mg/kg, manganese ‐ 50.03 mg/kg, lead ‐ 10.46 mg/kg, copper ‐ 50.48 mg/kg and nickel ‐ 12.88 mg/kg. In none of the researched cases heavy metal concentrations in treated organic waste exceeded the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). Anaerobically treated swine manure and sewage sludge with the highest pH indicators, 7 and 7.1, respectively, are most suitable for the fertilisation of acid soils. It could be proposed that digested pig manure is best soil fertilizer from all investigated organic wastes when biogenic elements, heavy metals and pH were measured. Santrauka Vienas iš perspektyviausių metodų organines atliekas paversti alternatyvia energija ir dar gauti trąšą – anaerobinis atliekų skaidymas bioreaktoriuose. Biologiškai suskaidytų organinių atliekų tinkamumas panaudoti dirvai tręšti įvertintas atlikus eksperimentą. Jo tikslas buvo ištirti bendrojo azoto, bendrojo fosforo, sunkiųjų metalų kiekius šiose atliekose bei nustatyti jų pH. Tyrimams naudotos organinės atliekos: nuotekų valymo dumblas, vaisių ir daržovių atliekos, vištų mėšlas, kiaulidžių srutos ir žlaugtas. Nustatyta, kad daugiausia azoto ir fosforo turi anaerobiškai perdirbtas kiaulių mėšlas, todėl jis tinkamiausias kaip organinė trąša labiausiai nualintiems dirvožemiams bei išeksploatuotiems plotams rekultivuoti. Azoto perdirbtame kiaulių mėšle yra 8,27 mg/l, fosforo – 293,1 mg/l. Didžiausi sunkiųjų metalų kiekiai nustatyti anaerobiškai perdirbtame nuotekų valyklos dumble. Chromo koncentracija siekia 1,53 mg/kg, cinko – 21,28 mg/kg, mangano – 50,03 mg/kg, švino – 10,46 mg/kg, vario – 50,48 mg/kg, nikelio – 12,88 mg/kg. Nė vienu iš tirtų atvejų sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos perdirbtose organinėse atliekose neviršijo DLK. Labiausiai rūgštiesiems dirvožemiams tręšti tinka anaerobiškai perdirbtas kiaulių mėšlas ir nuotekų valymo dumblas, kurių pH rodiklis didžiausias – siekia atitinkamai 7 ir 7,1. Įvertinus biogeninių elementų ir sunkiųjų metalų kiekį bei pH, galima teigti, kad dirvai tręšti iš tirtųjų organinių atliekų tinkamiausias yra kiaulių mėšlas. Резюме Одним из наиболее перспективных методов преобразования органических отходов в альтернативную энергию и удобрения является анаэробное сбраживание отходов в биореакторах. Для оценки пригодности внесения в почву биологически переработанных органических отходов в виде удобрений проводился эксперимент с целью определения суммы содержащихся в отходах общего азота, общего фосфора, тяжелых металлов и рН. Для исследований в качестве органических отходов использовался ил сточных вод из очистных сооружений, фруктово-овощные отходы, куриный помет, навоз и навозная жижа. Наибольшее содержание азота и фосфора было определено в анаэробно переработанном свином навозе, поэтому он наиболее приемлем в качестве органического удобрения для восстановления и рекультивации почв. Обработанный свиной навоз содержит 8,27 мг/л азота и 293,1 мг/л фосфора. Наибольшее содержание тяжелых металлов было установлено в анаэробно переработанном иле из сточных вод предприятий. Концентрация хрома в нем составляла 1,53 мг/кг, цинка – 21,28 мг/кг, марганца – 50,03 мг/кг, свинца – 10,46 мг/кг, меди – 50,48 мг/кг, никеля – 12,88 мг/кг. Ни в одном из исследованных случаев концентрации тяжелых металлов в переработанных органических отходах не превышали максимально допустимых концентраций (ПДК). Для удобрения кислых почв наиболее приемлем анаэробно переработанный свиной навоз и ил стоков из очистителей, содержащие высший показатель pH (соответственно 7 и 7,1). На основании полученных величин биогенных элементов, тяжелых металлов и pH можно утверждать, что из всех исследованных органических отходов наиболее пригоден для удобрения почв свиной навоз.


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