scholarly journals APPLICATION OF MAJOR ION CONCENTRATIONS FOR THE PREDICTION OF STABLE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION IN SURFACE WATER

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kai Chen ◽  
Linhua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Optimal Subset ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
O Isotopes ◽  
Subset Regression

The δ2H and δ18O values in water bodies are essential to the management of water resources because of the ability to insight into hydrological processes. In this study, we have measured and analyzed the major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl–, SO24– and HCO–3 ) and stable H-O isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) for fifteen surface water samples collected from the Xinbian River in Suzhou, northern Anhui Province, China. The results show that all of the water samples are classified to be Na-HCO3 type, and the mean values of δ2H and δ18O are –42.93‰ and –5.36‰, respectively. Gibbs diagram and the relationship between δ2H and δ18O indicate that both water chemistry and stable isotopes in river water are mainly controlled by evaporation. Correlation analysis reveals that a significant correlation between major ions and δ18O. Predictors (K+, SO24– and HCO–3 ) have been selected by optimal subset regression analysis were used to model the δ18O values in the river water. Moreover, the residuals of the model were normally distributed and values between –0.2‰ to 0.2‰ for most water samples, suggesting a strong relationship between the observed and predicted δ18O values.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtypes distribution in river water in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Mahmoudi ◽  
E. Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad ◽  
B. Kazemi ◽  
A. Haghighi ◽  
A. Mirzaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Purification Methods ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Little is known about the diversity and public health significance of Cryptosporidium species in river waters in Iran. In the present study, we determined the genotype and subtype distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in river water samples in Iran. A total of 49 surface water samples were collected from rivers and surface water in Guilan and Tehran provinces during 2009–2010. Water samples were filtrated through a 1.2-μm pore size membrane filter or by Filta-Max filter followed by immunomagnetic separation or sucrose purification methods. Genotype and subtype of Cryptosporidium were identified by sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA and 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes, respectively. A total of 24 (48.97%) water samples were positive for Cryptosporidium species by the 18sRNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing technique. DNA sequencing revealed the presence of five species of Cryptosporidium (C. parvum, C. hominis, C. muris, C. andersoni, and C. canis) in the water samples of the study area and, to our knowledge, the first report of C. muris in Iran. The results of GP60 gene analysis showed that all C. parvum and C. hominis isolates belonged to the IId and Id subtype families, respectively. The investigated river water supplies were heavily contaminated by pathogenic species of Cryptosporidium from humans and livestock. There is potential risk of waterborne cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN SURFACE WATERS FROM THE CRNA RIVER BASIN, REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Tomovski ◽  
Trajče Stafilov ◽  
Robert Šajn ◽  
Katerina Bačeva Andonovska
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Surface Water Samples

An investigation of the distribution of 23 chemical elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) in surface water samples from the entire basin of the Crna River, Republic of Macedonia, was carried out. In total 31 water samples were collected, from which 8 samples from the Crna River and 4 samples from four main tributaries of Crna River in the Pelagonia Valley (Blato, Prilepska Reka, Dragor and Jelaška Reka). Also, surface water samples were collected from 3 locations in the Tikveš Lake, 8 locations from the Majdanska River and river of Blašnica before its inflow into the Tikveš Lake and from 7 locations of the lower course of the Crna River after the dam of Tikveš Lake until its inflow into the river of Vardar. Determination of the concen-tration of the investigated elements was performed by using atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES). All data obtained for the analyzed samples were statistically processed using software Stat Soft 11.0 where the descriptive statistical analysis of the value for the concentration of the elements was performed. The maps of spatial distribution of the concentration for each element and a histograms for the representation of elements with mean values of the concentrations by regions, were also prepared. The obtained results show that the concentration of investigated element are mainly followed the lithology of the region. However, higher concentrations of arsenic were found in the water samples from the river of Blašnica which is a result of anthropogenic influence from the abounded Allchar mine on the Kožuf Mountain. Also, the increased concentrations of nickel were found in the samples from the lower couse of the Crna River after the dam of Tikveš Lake due to the anthropogenic influence from the ferronickel smelter plant Feni Industry, which can influence the quality parameters of surface waters.

scholarly journals Urban Occupation Increases Water Toxicity of an Important River in Central Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão ◽  
Leciana de Menezes Sousa Zago ◽  
Nathan Carvalho Silva ◽  
Karine Borges Machado ◽  
Patrícia Lima D'Abadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Central Brazil

Meia Ponte River supplies water for two million people in Goiás State, Brazil. Despite its importance, the Meia Ponte River faces serious environmental problems such as the disposal of domestic and industrial effluents, what could impact the aquatic biota and the health of people who consumes its water. In this sense, here we aimed to evaluate the environmental quality and toxicity of surface water along the course of this river. Physicochemical analyses of water at Goiânia urban perimeter were higher than the limits of Brazil environmental regulations for fresh water. In relation to the diversity of species, phytoplankton classes associated to polluted environments were detected closer to urban perimeter. Allium cepa bioassay suggested that this river may contain substances with mitogenic activity. This result is in accordance with genotoxic analysis, because it was observed a significant increase in chromosomal aberrations. This data reveal the genotoxic potential of Meia Ponte River water. This genotoxicity represents a risk for aquatic biota and humans, once the genotoxic agents in water samples might cause the loss of DNA integrity, inducing damages and DNA breaks. In this context, the water utilization from Meia Ponte River without any treatment should be avoided and public policies need to be formulated and implemented to depollute this important river for Goiás State.

Assessment of groundwater and surface water quality for irrigation suitability in Rupnagar District, Punjab, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjot Kaur ◽  
Susanta Paikaray
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Wilcox Diagram ◽  
Sodium Percent ◽  
Sirsa River

<p>Groundwater and Sutlej river water are major sources of irrigation in Rupnagar district of Punjab. Water quality was examined for their agricultural suitability using a total of 54 surface water (16 from Sutlej and 6 from Sirsa River) and groundwater (total 32 of ~160 m depth) samples from Pre- (June 2019) and post-monsoon (Dec 2018) seasons. On-site parameters (electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids) indicate permissible pH (pH 6.6-8.2) and conductivity (147-1953 μS/cm), while 18.5% of samples are brackish salt to salt category type on salinity index. The results of these parameters were further interpreted and measured with different irrigation indexes like sodium percent (SP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), chloride concentrations and Wilcox diagram. Similarly, most of the samples (except Sutlej river water samples) were found to be above permissible limits with respect to SP (5.36-81.01) and RSC (0-6.23), but SAR is indicative of suitability for irrigation purposes (0.11-8.3). The suitability for irrigation as per SAR is because of low sodium content in all the samples relative to calcium and magnesium. The Wilcox diagram of pre-monsoon samples indicate high, medium and low saline to low sodium hazard except 1 sample with high saline to medium sodium hazard and salinity-sodium hazard in post-monsoon is comparatively lower than that of pre-monsoon. However careful observation of the complete data analysis suggests that all the parameters in Sutlej river water samples were found to be suitable for irrigation while most of the groundwater samples and 3 samples from Sirsa river were unfit for irrigation purposes as inferred from SP, RSC and Wilcox diagram.</p>

scholarly journals Vulnerability of Drinking-Water Wells in La Crosse, Wisconsin, to Enteric-Virus Contamination from Surface Water Contributions

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 5937-5946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Borchardt ◽  
Nathaniel L. Haas ◽  
Randall J. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Water Wells

ABSTRACT Human enteric viruses can contaminate municipal drinking-water wells, but few studies have examined the routes by which viruses enter these wells. In the present study, the objective was to monitor the municipal wells of La Crosse, Wisconsin, for enteric viruses and determine whether the amount of Mississippi River water infiltrating the wells was related to the frequency of virus detection. From March 2001 to February 2002, one river water site and four wells predicted by hydrogeological modeling to have variable degrees of surface water contributions were sampled monthly for enteric viruses, microbial indicators of sanitary quality, and oxygen and hydrogen isotopes. 18O/16O and 2H/1H ratios were used to determine the level of surface water contributions. All samples were collected prior to chlorination at the wellhead. By reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), 24 of 48 municipal well water samples (50%) were positive for enteric viruses, including enteroviruses, rotavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV), and noroviruses. Of 12 river water samples, 10 (83%) were virus positive by RT-PCR. Viable enteroviruses were not detected by cell culture in the well samples, although three well samples were positive for culturable HAV. Enteroviruses detected in the wells by RT-PCR were identified as several serotypes of echoviruses and group A and group B coxsackieviruses. None of the well water samples was positive for indicators of sanitary quality, namely male-specific and somatic coliphages, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and fecal enterococci. Contrary to expectations, viruses were found in all wells regardless of the level of surface water contributions. This result suggests that there were other unidentified sources, in addition to surface water, responsible for the contamination.

Verification of the Determination Method of Dissolved Metal Content using ICP-OES and Its Application for River Water in Bandar Lampung City

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Gede Ratna Juliasih ◽  
Diky Hidayat ◽  
Purna Pirdaus ◽  
Rinawati Rinawati
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Metal Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
The Way

Method verification for metal analysis (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, and Mn) in surface water using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) was carried out to evaluate the method’s performance in the laboratory-based on US Method EPA 200.7. The verified method is used to determine the metal content in river water flowing in Bandar Lampung. The results showed that the method used had good linearity with a regression coefficient of more than 0.995. This method’s accuracy is expressed by the %RSD (relative standard deviation), which is in the range of 3.145 to 4.345% and meets the acceptance requirements with a %RSD value less than ⅔ CV Horwitz. The method accuracy obtained from the spiking analysis gives a range of 80-110% for the analysis of 1 mg/L and meets the acceptability required by AOAC. Overall, the performance of the method used is suitable for the analysis of metals in surface water. This method was applied for metal analysis in river water samples in several places in Bandar Lampung, which were the Palang Besi river (A1), the Way Balau Kedamaian river (B1), the Way Balau Kedaton river (C1), the Way Kuala river (D1), the Sumur Batu Kahuripan river (E1), Sumur Putri river (F1), and Muara Kahuripan river (G1). The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Co metals were under the LoD method, while the Mn concentration was above the LoD method in river water samples.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Hydrochemistry and Stable Isotopes in a Karst Region in Samcheok, Republic of Korea

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Jiwook Jang ◽  
Jin-Yong Lee ◽  
Heejung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
High Precipitation

Karst regions cover approximately 10% of the Korean Peninsula and are highly vulnerable to contamination. In this study, five field surveys were conducted between 2017 and 2019 to examine the monthly and seasonal changes in the hydro-environment of a characteristic karst region in Samchoek, South Korea. During the surveys, a total of 24 surface water samples were collected and analyzed for field water quality parameters, major and minor ions, and stable isotopes. The results indicate that the water quality in the study area is significantly affected by precipitation. Overall, the water was classified as a Ca-Mg-HCO3 type, and correlation analysis of the major ions detected in the water samples indicates that the inflow of nitrate to the surface water originated from agricultural activities in the region. Furthermore, variations caused by climate were verified using the relationships between the various ions. In addition, high precipitation rates during the rainy season cause the active exchange of surface material, which was verified using stable isotope outliers. The results provide a scientific basis for studying the connectivity of water systems in complex karst hydrogeological regions and can aid future sustainable management of water resources in these regions.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical differences between river water and groundwater in Suzhou, Northern Anhui Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1421-1429
Author(s):  
Kai Chen ◽  
Linhua Sun ◽  
Jun Tang
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
O Isotopes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dominant Cation

AbstractUnderstanding hydrological process of surface water and groundwater is significant for the management of urban water resources. In this study, a total of thirty-seven water samples have been collected from the river (RW, 15 samples), shallow aquifer (SG, 12 samples), and deep aquifer (DG, 10 samples) in Suzhou, Northern Anhui Province, China, and their major ion concentrations and stable H–O isotopes have been measured. The results revealed that Na+ and HCO3− were the dominant cation and anion, respectively, and most of the water samples are classified to be Na-HCO3 type, to a lesser extent, Mg-HCO3 type. K-mean and Q-type clustering analyses ruled out the hydrological relationship between river and groundwater, but there was a significant connectivity between shallow and deep groundwater, which was further confirmed by the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. The relationship between δ2H and δ18O has shown that precipitation was the main source of the groundwater in the study area. Furthermore, the values of deuterium excess (d-excess) in different water bodies suggested that the groundwater has not been affected by evaporation, which was the main process controlling the isotopic composition of river water.

scholarly journals Application of multivariate statistical analysis and water quality index for quality characterization of Parbati River, Northwestern Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Sharma ◽  
Renu Lata ◽  
Nandini Thakur ◽  
Vishal Bajala ◽  
Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Piper Trilinear Diagram ◽  
Surface Water Samples

AbstractThe present study is an attempt to accomplish the understanding of the factors impacting Parbati river water quality in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. The main objective is to assess the overall water quality, to explore its hydrogeochemical characteristics including major ion contents and other chemical parameters using Water Quality Index (WQI), statistical techniques (principal component analysis) and conventional graphical representation such as Piper trilinear diagram, Durov. Eighteen surface water samples were collected from different altitudinal sites to analyze physico-chemical parameters for June 2019 and September 2019. Analytical outcomes of thirty-six surface water samples collected in Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon seasons are well within the permissible limits as per BIS, 2012 and WHO 2011 for drinking and domestic purposes. Water quality characterization for the assigned use shows that maximum surface water samples fall under excellent to good water quality index and are suitable for drinking without conventional treatment. The Piper trilinear diagram classified 100% of surface water samples for both seasons’ falls in the fields of Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3− water type indicating temporary hardness. Abundance of ions in the water samples is in the order: anions HCO3−>Cl−>SO42−>NO3− and cations Mg2+>Ca2+>Na+>K+. PCA identifies that the surface water chemistry is influenced by natural factors as well as minor anthropogenic activities in both the seasons. The correlation matrix has been prepared to analyse and observe the significance of the factors on the assessment of river water quality. Periodic assessment of surface water samples of the Parbati river and adjoining areas should be carried out. This approach will help in finding out any contamination of water occurring due to rapid socio-economic development as well as explosion of tourism industry in the region. Present study will work as baseline database for any future work in the region.

scholarly journals Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Composition and Water Quality Evaluation for Different Water Bodies in the Ebinur Lake Watershed, Northwestern China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Kung ◽  
Yushanjiang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Ebinur Lake ◽  
Volatile Phenol

Wetlands are sensitive indicators of climate change and have a profound impact on the supply of water resources in surrounding areas. In this study, the hydrochemical, isotopic characteristics (δ18O and δ2H) of groundwater and surface water (lake, reservoir, and river) in the Ebinur Lake Watershed, northwestern China, were investigated to reveal the relationships between various water bodies. The results suggest that the groundwater is alkaline and has pH and total dissolved solids (TDS) values less than those of surface water. Ca2+ and SO42− are the major ions in the groundwater and river water, whereas lake water and reservoir water are enriched in Na+ and SO42−. With the decrease in elevation, both groundwater and river water are affected by carbonate dissolution at high elevation and by evaporitic rock dissolution at low elevation; thus, the water surrounding Ebinur Lake is subjected to runoff affected by intense evaporation–dissolution of evaporitic rocks. The stable isotope compositions suggested that the upstream part of the river is recharged by glacial meltwater from high mountains, whereas the middle–downstream parts of the river are recharged by low-elevation precipitation. Shallow groundwater and reservoir water are mainly recharged by river water and are more enriched in the downstream part of river. Water samples were also classified according to different indices, such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH3-N, volatile phenol, sulfate, Zn, Co, Cu, total hardness, and Cr6+, and results showed that most groundwater is suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes. Except for Cr6+, the metal concentrations are within permissible limits. However, both groundwater and reservoir water are affected to some extent by nearby rivers from anthropogenic activity.

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