scholarly journals ŠEŠĖLINĘ EKONOMIKĄ LEMIANČIŲ VEIKSNIŲ TYRIMAS / FACTORS THAT DETERMINE SHADOW ECONOMY IN LITHUANIA AND EUROPE

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Miglė Kazimieraitytė ◽  
Viktorija Skvarciany
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Average Salary ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Analysis ◽  
Budget Revenue

The problem of the shadow economy exists in the majority of countries and, depending on its scale, affects the economic development of the state, the social well­being of companies and the population and the country’s policy. This economy distorts competition, has a negative impact on the country’s tax system and its structure and the distribution of state revenue becomes unregulated and distorted. This economic activity alters official statistics so a policy based on it can become simply irrational and ineffective. All this leads to a change in government­funded general budget revenue and slows down the country’s economic growth. The purpose of this article is to identify and evaluate the factors that influence the shadow economy in Lithuania and across Europe. Objectives: to analyse the factors influencing the shadow economy after the analysis of the scientific literature, to develop a methodology that will be used for the assessment of the shadow economy factors, based on the presented methodology prepare calculations about the estimation of shadow economy factors. The following methods were used for the research: analysis of scientific literature, correlation, pair regression and multiple regression analysis. The results have shown that average salary, levels of poverty and corruption in the country, compulsory taxes and inflation have the greatest impact on the country’s shadow economy.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEACTIVATION OF THE RUSSIAN SHADOW ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Olga M. Lizina ◽  
◽  
Dinara A. Bistyakina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Specific Factors

The shadow economy has become one of the main threats to the national security of many states. Its negative impact on economic, political, social and cultural processes requires the development of an effective mechanism for deactivating shadow economic relations. In this regard, it is very important to take into account the peculiarities and specifics of the manifestation of the shadow economy, the causes and con-sequences of its functioning. To identify the factors contributing to the growth of shadow economic activity and its consequences in the national economy, a sociological study was conducted. To compare the results of the study of the influence of factors on the level of the shadow economy, economic modeling was also carried out using the method of typological regression, implying the construction of multiple regression models in homogeneous groups iden-tified by multidimensional classification based on cluster or discriminant analysis. Based on the results of the study, general and specific factors contributing to the growth of shadow economic activity were identified. They are significant when choosing a strategy and forming a system of measures aimed at deactivating the shadow economy. Summarizing the data obtained in the course of the study on the factors, causes and consequences of the shadow economy in Russia, a number of recommendations are formulated aimed at countering shadow economic activity in two directions: tougher penalties and the actual legalization of certain forms of shadow economic activity.

THE PECULIARITIES OF THE WORK INTEGRATION OF IMMIGRANTS IN SOCIAL ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Audronė Urmanavičienė ◽  
Janina Čižikienė
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Work Integration ◽  
Interview Analysis ◽  
Research Analysis

This article analyses the problem of immigration. In the process of globalization, the countries are forced to solve the issues of emigration, declining birth rates, and populating ageing. Therefore, immigration may be beneficial as the immigrating people help to create economic potential by filling vacancies. However, the acceptance of immigrants and their integration often leads to debates and confronts the members of society. The methods of research: analysis of scientific literature and documents, expert interview, analysis and interpretation of the research results. The review of scientific literature and the research data, presented in this article, may be adapted for improvement of the social integration factors, while considering the way the needs of immigrants are met and the integration measures that are provided. The research has revealed the key factors, influencing the social integration of immigrants in social enterprises.

scholarly journals Resilience in war veterans with traumatic bran injury: review and clinical case

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
The Social

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a condition that negatively affect the social reintegration and restoration of adaptation mechanisms in war veterans is. The negative impact of TBI on veterans` quality of life, their social and family functioning, labor adaptation, reintegration into society can last for years. There is a need to study the factors that contribute to the successful rehabilitation of veterans with TBI and increase their effective interaction with the stressful environment, reduce the severity of symptoms. Resilience may be among these factors. The aim of this review was: (1) to systematize the information available in the scientific literature on resilience of war veterans with TBI and to outline promising areas for further research; (2) to analyze the clinical case of TBI with reduced resilience in a veteran of warfare in the area of ​​anti-terrorist operation/operation of united forces. Effective resilience in war veterans is associated with a milder TBI symptoms, fewer symptoms of PTSD, which confirms its important role in medical and psychological rehabilitation. However, the dynamic aspects of resilience as a process are currently insufficiently disclosed in the scientific literature concerning veterans of the trauma war. There is no single interpretation and approach to its psychometric study. The social components of veterans` resilience are well studied, but little attention is paid to cognitive and emotional components of resilience, despite a known decrease in the cognitive and emotional functioning of veterans after TBI. There is a need to develop resilience-oriented interventions specific to veterans. The presented clinical case complements the information available in the literature on the association of resilience with symptoms of TBI, and confirms the important role of resilience assessment in making a rehabilitation prognosis. Complementing trauma rehabilitation programs with short-term positive interventions and cognitive rehabilitation sessions can have a positive effect on trauma symptoms and resilience, probably through its cognitive and emotional components.

scholarly journals BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN THE REGION AND FACTORS OF ITS FORMATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE AMUR REGION)

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
OLGA SERGEEVNA KOLESNIKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economy ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Small Business Development ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Definition Of

The article analyzes approaches to the interpretation of the definition of an entrepreneurial environment. A grouping of factors influencing the business environment at the regional level is made. It has been established that in the Amur Region there are significant incentives for the development of the shadow economy, which, in turn, has a negative impact on the sustainability of small business development in the official sector of the regional economy.

scholarly journals Priority Threats to Financial Security in the conditions of the Modern Economy Transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
A. Poltorak ◽  
◽  
M. Kazemyrchyk ◽  
A. Polishchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Objective Probability ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction. The shadow economy is one of the main threats to the financial security of the state. Strengthening Ukraine’s economy is impossible without reducing the level of shadowing. Official data show that at the beginning of 2020 more than a quarter of GDP is in the shadows, but the real level of shadowing, in our opinion, is much higher. Purpose. The aim of the article is to deepen the theoretical and methodological foundations of substantiation of priority threats to financial security in the conditions of transformation processes in the modern economy, clarification of the optimal method of calculating the shadow economy in Ukraine and monitoring the impact of the shadow sector on financial security of Ukraine. Results. It was found that the system of threats to the financial security of Ukraine includes trends, phenomena and factors that actually or potentially complicate or make it impossible to preserve national values ​​in the financial sphere and the realization of national interests of Ukraine. Threats to security conditions are considered as certain factors or factors that create a danger, namely the existing and objective probability of negative impact on a complex system. Our own view on the classification of factors influencing the level of financial security is presented. It is noted that most often the factors influencing the level of financial security are interrelated, causing cyclical poverty and a permanently low level of financial security. It is analyzed that today the level of the shadow economy is 25-50%. To create the necessary conditions for reducing the level of the shadow sector of Ukraine’s economy, it is necessary to carry out a number of tax reforms, transformations in the banking system (to increase non-cash transactions, create an open database of NBU and MFIs), anti-corruption measures and more. Systematizing the methodological approaches to the assessment of the shadow sector, it was found that the main methods of assessing the level of the shadow sector are: public expenditure – retail trade; electric; unprofitable enterprises; monetary; method of minimal shadow economy. Conclusions. It is proved that the level of financial security of the state decreases with increasing level of shadow economy. This is due to the reduction of the tax base and, consequently, to the reduction of tax revenues to the budgets of all levels. Keywords: financial security; financial security of the state; financial security of households; transformational economy; shadow economy.

Analysis of the Presence of Criminal Offenses in the Field of the Shadow Economy in Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-147
Author(s):  
Snezana Knezevic ◽  
Dragan Cvetkovic ◽  
Marija Micovic ◽  
Aleksandra Mitrović ◽  
Stefan Milojević
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Budget Revenue

The shadow economy offenses are a group of offenses with a wide variety of manifestations occurring in almost all areas of economic activity. The shadow economy, as a special form of economic crime, is increasingly disrupting the smooth functioning of the economy, but also causing significant material damage to society. The Republic of Serbia is making efforts to curb the shadow economy, which significantly reduces its budget revenue. In this paper, after conceptual determination of the shadow economy phenomena in the literature review, determining the causes and manifestations of crimes in the field of the shadow economy, we will analyze their volume, structure and dynamics, as well as their participation in the mass of total, i.e. economic crime in the Republic of Serbia from 2006 to in 2018. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the extreme importance of more appropriate involvement of competent authorities in order to combat this type of crime in modern economies by analyzing the causes and effects as well as the dynamics of this phenomenon.

Attitudes Towards Economic Activity of People Aged 50+. Individual Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-0
Author(s):  
Justyna Wiktorowicz
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Individual Approach ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Theories

The paper is part of the current trend in socio‑economic research in the area of the economic activity of mature people and the possibility of stimulating its extension. The aim of the study is the assessment of the attitudes towards economic activity of people aged 50+, and in particular their circumstances. The analysis is both theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part refers to the social theories of ageing, as well as the results of research on determinants of economic activity in the near‑retirement age. The empirical part is identifying the factors influencing the propensity to continue economic activity by employees aged 50+. Among the most important determinants of extending working life human capital of workers tops the ranking.

The specifics of shadow economic activity in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1896-1915
Author(s):  
E.R. Ermakova ◽  
O.M. Lizina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article addresses the specifics of shadow economic activities in reformed Russia in the context of systemic transformations. Objectives. We focus on determining the role of shadow economy in the reproductive process, identifying and understanding the specifics of underground economic activity of the Russian economy. Methods. The study rests on general scientific methods (scientific abstraction, unity of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy) and special methods of cognition (monetary methods). We employ the systems and integrated approach. The official statistics, regulations, works of leading researchers on shadow economy expansion, resources of reference and legal systems like Garant and ConsultantPlus serve as the study's information base. Results. We present a retrospective rapid analysis of the extent of shadow economic activity in the domestic economy, establishing the relationships with the processes that take place at different stages of the country's development. We also reveal the specifics of shadow economy relations in Russia, factors that play a key role in expansion for a particular period, a shift to another form of shadow economy. The study characterizes the current period of development, assesses the impact of external shocks on shadow economy expansion. Conclusions. The current period is characterized by the digitization of shadow relations, the shift of corruption to the upper echelons of power, the continued outflow of capital abroad, and increased penalties for underground activities.

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