THE EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE PROFIT DISTRIBUTION IN INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY CHAINS WITH AN OUTSIDE OPTION / PELNO PASKIRSTYMO PRAMONINĖSE TIEKIMO GRANDINĖSE EKSPERIMENTINIS TYRIMAS

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald David Stein ◽  
Romualdas Ginevičius
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Outside Option ◽  
Profit Distribution ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Distribution Rule ◽  
Internet Experiments ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Cooperation Partners ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

There is an industrial supply chain, where an individual customer selects a supplier and excludes other ones. If the excluded supplier has the possibility to overtake the relationship afterwards, he has big influence on the relationship among the cooperation partners. A profit distribution rule has been developed that considers the impact of the excluded supplier. The paper presents round based games in which the present values change and influence the cooperative relationships. First, examples with ideal‐typical numbers are calculated and depicted by the software “MATLAB”. Internet experiments are made with participants on the basis of the software “z‐tree” in order prove the relevance of the proposed profit distribution rule. Finally, the experimental data is compared with the theoretical predictions. Santrauka Paprastai pramoninio tiekimo grandineje klientas pasirenka konkretų tiekėja ir atmeta kitus. Jei veliau su atmestuoju tiekėju vis dėlto užmezgami santykiai, klientas įgyja didelę svarbą pletojant partnerių santykius. Sukurta pelno paskirstymo taisyklė, įvertinanti atmesto tiekejo įtaka. Straipsnyje pateikiama serija žaidimų, kuriuose kinta esama vertė ir daroma įtaka partnerių santykiams. Pirma, naudojantis MATLAB programinė įranga apskaičiuojamos ir atvaizduojamos būdingosios reikšmės. Antra, pasitelkus Z‐tree programinę įranga atliktas internetinis eksperimentas siekiant įrodyti, kad pasiūlyta pelno paskirstymo taisyklė galioja. Galiausiai eksperimentiniai duomenys palyginami su teorinėmis prognozėmis.

The challenge of addressing consumption pollutants with fiscal policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregmar I. Galinato ◽  
Asif Islam
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe authors develop a theoretical model that elucidates the relationship between the quality of governance, the composition of government spending and pollution as a by-product of the consumption process. In particular, they determine the impact of government spending that alleviates market failure such as subsidies to the poor which reduce credit market failure and environmental regulations to correct for pollution externality. It is found that a shift in government spending towards goods that alleviate market failure has countervailing effects – consumption pollution rises due to increases in income, but consumption pollution also falls due to increasing environmental regulations. Conditional on the government adopting a democratic regime, the effect through environmental regulations outweighs the effect through income leading to lower consumption pollution. The authors estimate an empirical model and find that the results support their theoretical predictions.

scholarly journals Do financial constraints impact the technical efficiency of agricultural cooperatives? evidence from Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Vanessa Schaefer ◽  
João Paulo Augusto Eça ◽  
Marcelo Botelho da Costa Moraes ◽  
Amaury José Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Financial Constraint ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Agricultural cooperatives have the main goals of meeting the economic, social and cultural needs of their members. Although they do not seek profits, they must be competitive since they compete with other cooperatives and companies in the market. In this sense, the search for technical efficiency to give cooperatives a better market position contrasts with the difficulty these organizations face in obtaining foreign capital to enable greater investments. There is little empirical evidence, however, of the relationship between financial constraints and technical efficiency in these organizations. According to theoretical assumptions, this relationship could be positive or negative. Thus, this paper analyzes the impact of financial constraints on the technical efficiency of Brazilian agricultural cooperatives. For this, we used two metrics to measure financial constraint and analyzed panel data on 68 Brazilian agricultural cooperatives for the 2005-2014 period. Despite the theoretical predictions, our main results suggest there is no evidence that financial constraints affect technical efficiency. This result can be explained by the characteristics attributed to Brazilian cooperatives, that is, the fact they deal with different commodities (multi-purpose) and do not have strong demand for investments (technology). This paper contributes to the literature both by providing new empirical evidence regarding the relationship between technical efficiency and financial constraints and by introducing a new metric for analyzing financial constraint in the context of cooperatives.

Simulation and Experimental Study on the Impact of Breadth of Back Blade on Axial Force Balance

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 1568-1572
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Jie Gang Mu ◽  
Miao Yin Su ◽  
Shui Hua Zheng ◽  
Jin Jing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The paper studies the relationship between axial force and breadth of back blade by numerical simulation and experiment. On the basis of the RNG k-ε turbulence model and technology of compact local grids and regional computing, three dimensional numerical simulations to 100HZ165-250 centrifugal pump with various breadths were carried out. Through comparing and analyzing of the flow field, it can be seen that the axial force reduces with the increase of the back blade breadth. After that, the simulation results were verified by the experimental data got from different test devices, and it shows that the conclusions are reliable.

Color-Singlet and Color-Octet Contributions to J/ψ Photoproduction

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3985-3994
Author(s):  
Michael Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Recent Experimental Data ◽  
Color Singlet ◽  
Color Octet ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Impact

I discuss the impact of color-octet contributions and higher-order QCD corrections on the cross section for inelastic J/ψ photoproduction. The theoretical predictions are compared with recent experimental data obtained at HERA.

The impact of trust and commitment on value creation in asymmetric buyer–seller relationships: the mediation effect of specific asset investments

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Yuan Chen ◽  
Kuan-Yang Chen ◽  
Lei-Yu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Relationship Value ◽  
Cooperative Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Previous studies have argued that trust and commitment can create value in cooperative relationships. However, this study observed that, in practice, trust and commitment alone may not ensure value creation in asymmetric relationships. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the mediating role of specific assets in the effects of trust and commitment on value creation in asymmetric buyer–seller relationships. Design/methodology/approach Contract manufacturers (CMs) in Asia were sampled to validate the argument proposed by this study. Most Taiwanese CMs are partnered with international brands (original equipment manufacturers [OEMs]) that have stronger bargaining power. This cooperative relationship is characteristically asymmetric. A questionnaire method was applied, and structural equation modeling was performed to verify the proposed hypotheses. Findings Specific asset investment (SAI) was a crucial mediator that explained the effects of trust and commitment on the relationship value of an asymmetric cooperative relationship. Past studies have claimed that power asymmetry results in an unequal distribution of benefits. Nevertheless, regarding the relationship between CMs and OEMs, the study revealed that relationship value could still be increased once the congruent goals have been achieved by both parties. This finding contradicts past theoretical predictions. Practical implications Characteristically asymmetric CMs–OEMs (seller–buyer) relationships cannot be maintained merely through trust and commitment, particularly in the context of power and resource imbalances in which the stronger party often possesses a wider selection of prospective partners. The results of this study suggested that the CM should unilaterally invest in specific assets conducive to a cooperative relationship as an expression of faith in the relationship with the stronger firm, thereby creating opportunities for value cocreation. Originality/value The analysis of the relevance of relationship quality in the context of asymmetric cooperative relationships confirmed the mediating influences of SAI on ensuring value creation and the maintenance of the relationships. Relationship value could still be created despite the highly asymmetry power relationship. The CMs’ SAI is the key mechanism for this achievement.

scholarly journals Some characteristics of personal interaction in groups and their effects on performance

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
D. Nel ◽  
L. F. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Interaction Process ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Personal Interaction ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The authors report the results of an experimental study on the relationship between five group process variables as an evaluation of the personal interaction between group members playing a computerized business decision game. Specific objectives of the study were to examine the experimental data set to determine if it was of a similar structure of the Green Taber (1980) instrument, and to assess the impact of five process variables on the outcome, or 'success', of the group interaction process, as measured by profit achieved in the business decision game. The results of the study indicate that there seem to be opportunities for negative socio-emotional behaviours such as rejecting others' positions, arguing, and criticizing in a simulated decision-making environment.

scholarly journals The impact of reduced sleep on school related outcomes for typically developing children aged 11–19: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-594
Author(s):  
Ben Hayes ◽  
Josie Bainton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This systematic literature review examines the relationship between restricted and reduced sleep and school performance, learning and cognitive functioning in typically developing adolescents. Correlational and experimental data were evaluated from 17 studies which included participants ranging from 11 to 19 years in studies from seven countries around the world. The review found that there is evidence that restricted and reduced sleep is negatively associated with school performance and cognitive outcomes, although the findings were mixed. Implications for psychologists working with schools are discussed. More research and evaluation is needed to establish how these factors relate to each other conclusively.

Purchasing of logistical services: a new view of LSPs’ proactive strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Fulconis ◽  
Jean Nollet ◽  
Gilles Paché
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Fourth Party Logistics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Innovation Processes

Purpose The purpose of this viewpoint is to analyze the emergence of a modified equilibrium in the relationship between buyers (“shippers”) and suppliers (“providers”) of logistical services. In the 1990s, the logistical service providers (LSPs) had relatively little power and were often asked to perform basic operations. The situation has evolved as a result of proactive strategies implemented by some forward-thinking LSPs. In this viewpoint, the emphasis is on the strategies developed by shippers which the authors labeled the “ramp effect”. Design/methodology/approach The authors discuss the impact of the ramp effect on LSPs’ innovation processes. This viewpoint is based on the authors’ experience in the field, on a literature review focused on the logistics industry and on the purchasing strategies applied to logistical services. Findings The authors show that the buyers of logistical services have lost some of their power because of two main factors: LSPs’ embeddedness in the shipper’s supply chain and the transformation of LSPs into orchestrators (labeled fourth-party logistics). This viewpoint discusses the relational disequilibrium between shippers and LSPs rather than the cooperative relationships between them. Originality/value The ramp effect as a source of innovation and proactive strategies for LSPs has never been covered in the management literature. This viewpoint provides both academics and practitioners with a different perspective of the relational disequilibrium between buyers and sellers of logistical services.

Quantify the Weld Line and its Optimization Based on the Taguchi and the Moldflow Secondary Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 444-445 ◽  
pp. 1021-1025
Author(s):  
Zhi Shan ◽  
Shu Hao Qin ◽  
Liang Qiang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Weld Line ◽  
Secondary Development ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Important Basis

Designed the weld line quantization algorithm based on the moldflow secondary development of technology, obtained the numerical experimental data of weld line with this. Analyzed of the impact of the relationship between the process parameters and weld line, and optimized the process parameters by orthogonal experimental design. These provided an important basis for the forming process design.

scholarly journals Identifying reliable fitness proxies for growing animals responding to anthropogenic changes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Higginson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increase Mortality Rate

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic influences on habitats often affect predation on species by introducing novel predators, supporting additional predators, or reducing animals’ ability to detect or avoid predators. Other changes may reduce the ability of animals to feed, or alter their energy use. An increase in predation risk is assumed to reduce prey populations by increasing mortality, reducing foraging and growth. Often animals don’t appear to have been adversely affected, or may even increase growth rate. However, theoretical predictions that may have been overlooked suggest that optimal foraging rate, mortality rate and growth rate may change in counter-intuitive ways, depending on exactly how predation risk or costs have been increased. Increasing predator density may increase mortality rate when foraging, reduce the safety of refuges, or alter the relationship between vigilance and attack likelihood. Increasing temperature may increase metabolic costs in ectotherms and reduce thermogenesis costs in endotherms, which affects the costs of active foraging and inactivity differently. Here, I review the theory on how predation risk and metabolic costs should affect foraging behaviour, mortality and growth in order to explain the great variation in behavioural responses. I show that in some situations animals may not respond behaviourally even though a change severely affects survival, and the mortality may be a poor metric of the impact of a change on population viability. In other situations a fitness proxy may change dramatically whilst fitness is unaffected due to compensatory changes in behaviour or life history. Other measures may change in a positive way whilst fitness declines. I describe how to identify the situations in the field and thereby make reliable measure of fitness in particular study systems. Overall, this work shows how behavioural theory can help understand the impacts of environmental change and highlights promising directions to better understand and mitigate their effects on ecosystems.

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