scholarly journals Biofilm formation by clinically isolated Staphylococcus Aureus from India

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1062-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alasthimannahalli Gangadhara Triveni ◽  
Mendem Suresh Kumar ◽  
Chavadi Manjunath ◽  
Channappa T Shivannavar ◽  
Subhaschandra M Gaddad
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Etiological Agents

Introduction: Staphylococcal biofilms are prominent cause for acute and chronic infection both in hospital and community settings across the world. Current study explores biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical samples by different methods. Methodology: Standard techniques used for the characterization of S.aureus. Qualitative and quantitative biofilm formation was assessed by Congo red Agar, Tube and Microtiter plate methods. Results: A total of 188 clinical isolates of S.aureus were screened for biofilm formation and 72 (38.29%) of them were found to be biofilm producers, 34 (18.08%) strong, 38 (20.21%) moderate. The remaining 116 (61.7%) were weak/ non biofilm producers. Maximum biofilm formers were recorded in pus samples (39.06%), followed by isolates from blood (38.23%) and urine (34.61%). Statistical analysis for the formation of biofilm indicated that Microtiter plate method is the most sensitive and specific method for screening biofilm production. Conclusions: Biofilm formation is one of the influential virulence factor in staphylococcal pathogenesis and persistence. Microtiter plate and Congo red agar remain as reliable methods for the qualitative and quantitative estimation of biofilm formation. Monitoring of biofilm formation in various etiological agents will help in determining the severity of infection.

Investigate of the Ability of Cronobacter sakazakii Isolated from Clinical Samples of Children Under Two Years to Induce Swimming, Swarming and Biofilm

2018 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Luma Abdal Hady Zwein ◽  
Tharieyt Abdulrahman Motlag ◽  
Mohamed Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cronobacter Sakazakii ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Biochemical Examination

      The study included 200 samples were collected   from   children  under two   years included (50 samples from each of Cerebrospinal fluid, Blood, Stool and Urine) from, Central Children Hospital and Children's Protections Educational Hospital. Isolates bacterial were obtained cultural, microscopic and biochemical examination and diagnosed to the species by using vitek2 system. The results showed there were contamination in 6.5% of clinical samples. The diagnosed colonies which gave pink color on the MacConkey agar , golden yellow color on the Trypton Soy agar and green color on the Birillent Enterobacter sakazakii agar and gave  a probability of 99% in the vitek 2 and were identified as Cronobacter sakazakii. The identification revealed of thirteen isolates: 6(46.16%) isolated from Cerebrospinal fluid samples, 7(53.84%) isolated from blood samples and not isolated bacteria from stool and urine samples. The results of the investigation of some virulence factors showed that all bacteria isolates were able to swimming with a diameter ranging (1-9 mm) and swarming with a diameter ranging (1-40 mm) and their  ability to biofilm formation  by using three methods. The results show the ability  of  isolates to form biofilm by using  Congo red media  methods where it is 12 (92.30 %) out of 13 isolated bacteria belonging to C. sakazakii  able to form biofilm on the Congo red media  which is 3 (23.07%) were  strong production  biofilm ,   8 (61.53%)  were intermediate  production  biofilm and  1 (7.69% ) were weak  biofilm formation , while the 1 (7.69%)  unable to form biofilm.  Tubes method were all isolates were able to form biofilm, it were found that 3 (23.07%)  isolates strong, and 8 (61.53%) intermediate  and 2( 15.38%)  weak biofilm formation. Microtiter plate method  gave 5 (38.46 %) isolates strong, 6 (46.15%) intermediate and 1 (7.69%) weak biofilm formation.  

scholarly journals Characterization of biofilm formation in clinical urinary isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from five hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
C.I. Orjih ◽  
A. Ajayi ◽  
F.O. Alao ◽  
A.I. Adeleye ◽  
S.I. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
And Control

Background: Biofilm formation by pathogens is of great clinical importance as it mediates persistence and resistance to antibiotics, hence posing difficulty in treatment and management of diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biofilm forming potential of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from urine samples of females with urinary tract infection and to detect the presence of clumping factor (clfA) and intracellular adhesion (icaA) encoding genes.Methodology: A total of 50 S. aureus were obtained from urine samples of women in five hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria. Isolates were confirmed by standard biochemical and novobiocin susceptibility tests. The isolates were screened for biofilm formation using three methods; Congo-red agar (CRA), tube, and tissue culture plate (TCP) methods. Detection of clfA and icaA genes was done by PCR.Results: The Congo red agar method showed that 39 (78%) of the isolates were biofilm producers while 11 (22%) were non-biofilm producers. However, the tube method indicated that 12 (24%) were strong biofilm producers, 26 (52%) were moderate biofilm producers, and 12 (24%) were non-biofilm producers. The standard TCP assay showed that strong biofilm producers (OD > 0.240) were 13 (26%), moderate biofilm producers were 22 (44%), and weak or non-biofilm producers (OD < 0.120) were 15 (30%). The tube method showed a good correlation with the TCP method for strong biofilm production. Ten (20%) isolates possessed clfA gene and 31 (62%)possessed icaA gene.Conclusion: The ability of S. aureus to form biofilm is a key risk factor that can increase morbidity and mortality from infections they cause. Hence, rapid and sensitive phenotypic methods can be used in screening for biofilm formation thereby providing data that can guide therapy and control of the pathogen. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Biofilm, Clumping factor, Intracellular adhesion

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Methicillin Resistant and Sensitive, Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Different Iranian Hospitals

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Asghar Havaei ◽  
Amir Azimian ◽  
Hosein Fazeli ◽  
Mahmood Naderi ◽  
Kiarash Ghazvini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Health Care Policies ◽  
Global Health Care ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Epidemiological Evaluation ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Background. Global concerns have been raised due to upward trend of Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) reports which mean casting doubt on the absolute effectiveness of the last line of antibiotic treatment for S. aureus, vancomycin. Hence, epidemiological evaluation can improve global health care policies. Methodology. 171 Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from different types of clinical samples in selected hospitals in Isfahan, Mashhad, and Tehran, Iran. Then, they were evaluated by agar screening, disk diffusion, and MIC method to determine their resistance to vancomycin and methicillin. The isolated VISA strains were then confirmed with genetic analysis by the evaluation of mecA and vanA genes, SCCmec, agr, and spa type, and also toxin profiles. MLST was also performed. Results and Conclusion. Our data indicated that 67% of isolated S. aureus strains were resistant to methicillin. Furthermore, five isolates (2.9%) had intermediate resistance to vancomycin (VISA). In contrast to usual association of VISA with MRSA strains, we found two isolates of MSSA-VISA. Therefore, our data suggests a probable parallel growing trend of VISA towards MSSA, along with MRSA strains. However, more samples are required to confirm these primarily data. Moreover, genetic analysis of the isolated VISA strains revealed that these strains are endemic Asian clones.

scholarly journals Molecular Investigation of Fibronectin-Binding Protein Genes and Capacity of Biofilm Production in Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Clinical Samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Jafari Soghondicolaei ◽  
Mohammad Ahanjan ◽  
Mehrdad Gholami ◽  
Bahman Mirzaei ◽  
Hamid Reza Goli
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Fibronectin Binding Protein ◽  
Fibronectin Binding

Abstract Biofilm production increases Staphylococcus aureus resistance to antibiotics and also host defense mechanisms. The current study aims to evaluate the biofilm formation by S. aureus and to determine the prevalence of fibronectin-binding protein genes, also its correlation with drug resistance. In this study, 100 clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was evaluated by the disk agar diffusion method. The ability of biofilm formation in the studied isolates was also determined by microplate colorimetric assay. Then, all isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction for the fnbA and fnbB genes. Out of 100 clinical isolates of S. aureus, the highest and lowest antibiotic resistance rates were against penicillin (94%) and vancomycin (6%). Thirty-two cases were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR) among the all strains. The ability of biofilm production was observed in 89% of the isolates. The PCR results showed that the prevalence of fnbA and fnbB genes were 91% and 17%, respectively. Moreover, 100% and 21.8% of the MDR strains harbored the fnbA and fnbB genes respectively. The ability to form biofilm in MDR isolates of S. aureus is more than non-MDR isolates, especially fnbA positive ones. As the bacteria in the biofilm are difficult to kill by antibiotics, attention to the removal or control of the biofilm production seems to be necessary.

scholarly journals Correlation of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance among clinical and soil isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Iraq

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pakhshan A. Hassan ◽  
Adel K. Khider
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that is reported as a major cause of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the biofilm formation by A. baumannii clinical and soil isolates, to display their susceptibility to 11 antibiotics and to study a possible relationship between formation of biofilm and multidrug resistance. During 8 months period, from June 2016 to January 2017, a total of 52 clinical and 22 soil isolates of A. baumannii were collected and identified through conventional phenotypic, chromo agar, biochemical tests, API 20E system, and confirmed genotypically by PCR for blaOXA-51-like gene. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was determined by standard disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. The biofilm formation was studied using Congo red agar, test tube, and microtiter plate methods. The clinical isolates were 100% resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, 96.15% to gentamicin, 96.15% to imipenem, 92.31% to meropenem, and 78.85% to amikacin. The soil A. baumannii isolates were 100% sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, and gentamicin, and 90.1% to ciprofloxacin. All A. baumannii isolates (clinical and soil) were susceptible to polymyxin B. The percentage of biofilm formation in Congo red agar, test tube, and microtiter plate assays was 10.81%, 63.51%, and 86.48%, respectively. More robust biofilm former population was mainly among non-MDR isolates. Isolates with a higher level of resistance tended to form weaker biofilms. The soil isolates exhibited less resistance to antibiotics than clinical isolates. However, the soil isolates produce stronger biofilms than clinical isolates.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of bovine mastitis isolates of Staphylococcus aureus for biofilm formation

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Vasudevan ◽  
Manoj Kumar Mohan Nair ◽  
Thirunavukkarasu Annamalai ◽  
Kumar S Venkitanarayanan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Genotypic Characterization ◽  
Phenotypic And Genotypic Characterization

CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIAL ADHESION AND BIOFILM FORMATION ABILITY OF LIVESTOCK-ASSOCIATED METHICILLIN-RESISTANTSTAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUSISOLATED FROM SWINE AND SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATERS

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Min-Tao Wan ◽  
Chin-Cheng Chou
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Environmental Group ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) ST9 has emerged as a potential zoonotic pathogen for humans and animals. Bacterial adhesion factors and biofilms mediate host colonization and infection of MRSA. This study investigated the dynamics of microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs), biofilm formation gene (intercellular adhesion [ica]), and biofilm expression in MRSA from the nasal samples of asymptomatic pigs (the nasal group, n = 147) and swine slaughterhouse wastewater samples (the environmental group, n = 86). Biofilm formation was quantified by microtiter plate assay. The most prevalent MSCRAMM profile was clfA-clfB-spa-eno-ebps-fib and more than 70% of the LA-MRSA ST9 isolates harbored the biofilm formation gene. Environmental MRSA harbored lower levels of the ica locus and MSCRAMMs (clfA and fib) than did the nasal group, suggesting possible gene loss. Biofilm production in the nasal group was higher than in the environmental group, indicating the difference in biofilm formation in MRSA isolates from different ecological niches. The higher prevalence of MSCRAMMs, biofilm formation gene, and biofilm production in LA-MRSA ST9 may enhance the persistence and infectivity of MRSA in the swine population and present a threat to the health of livestock as well as farm workers.

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