scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of antibiotic misuse among Chinese children in developed and less developed provinces

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannan Xu ◽  
Jingjing Lu ◽  
Chenhui Sun ◽  
Xiaomin Wang ◽  
Yanhong Jessika Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
At Home

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health crisis and primarily caused by antibiotic misuse. Antibiotic misuse among children is particularly concerning, and its prevalence may vary from region to region in China with different development levels. Methodology: Zhejiang and Shaanxi were selected to represent developed and less developed provinces in China, respectively. Data of 2924 parents in Zhejiang and 3355 parents in Shaanxi whose children were 0-13 years old were collected through multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling and a self-administrated questionnaire. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results: Compared to parents in Zhejiang, those in Shaanxi were more likely to keep antibiotics for children at home, to engage in self-medication with antibiotics for children, and to make their children take antibiotics prophylactically. While there were no significant provincial differences between parents’ requests for antibiotics during pediatric consultations, parents in Shaanxi province were more likely to receive prescribed antibiotics. Conclusions: Children in less developed provinces face higher risks of antibiotic misuse at home as well as when attending medical practitioners. Comprehensive educational interventions are required to improve antibiotic use for children all over China but particularly in less developed provinces such as Shaanxi. Furthermore, non-prescription sales and over-prescribing of antibiotics should be reduced by targeted strategies.

scholarly journals Understanding parental self-medication with antibiotics among parents of different nationalities: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongliang Zhou ◽  
Dantong Zhao ◽  
Huarui Zhang ◽  
Chi Shen ◽  
Dan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background There is an increasing trend on the practices of parental self-medication with antibiotics (PSMA) around world, accelerating the antibiotic abuse. This study aims to examine the nationality differences in the practices of PSMA and knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) toward antibiotic use, and understand the practices of PSMA among parents of various nationalities in China. Methods A cross-sectional study based on a structured questionnaire survey was conducted in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China, from September 2018 to October 2018. A total of 299 respondents participated in. The practices of PSMA (a dichotomous variable) and KAP toward antibiotic use (a continuous variable) served as dependent variables. Participant’s nationality was regarded as the independent variable. Binary logistic regression and ordinary least square regression were employed to examine the association between parent’s nationality and the practices of PSMA, and KAP toward antibiotic use, respectively. Results 121 (40.88%) Chinese, 100 (33.76%) other Asians and 75 (25.34%) Occidentals were included in final analysis, with a sample size of 296. Chinese were more likely to practice PSMA (OR = 7.070; 95% CI 1.315, 38.01), with worse knowledge (Coef. = − 0.549; 95% CI − 1.021, − 0.078), attitudes (Coef. = − 3.069; 95% CI − 4.182, − 1.956) and practices (Coef. = − 1.976; 95% CI − 3.162, − 0.790) toward antibiotic use, compared to their Occidental counterparts. The main reasons for the practices of PSMA were enough previous medication experience (80.49%) and same ailments with no need to see a doctor (39.02%), with common symptoms such as fever (60.98%) and cough (58.54%). Purchasing antibiotics at pharmacies (92.08%) and using leftover antibiotics (26.83%) were usual approaches. Conclusions The study highlights the gaps in the practices of PSMA and KAP toward antibiotic use among parents of different nationalities. The access to obtain antibiotics from pharmacies reflects the pharmacists’ unaware of laws on prescription of antibiotics, fierce competition in the pharmacy market, and the government’s lax supervision in China. It suggests the need to improve pharmacists’ training, enforce current legislations on pharmacy market regarding the sale of antibiotics, and provide practical and effective educational interventions for residents about antibiotic use.

scholarly journals Antibiotic use and knowledge in the community of Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Uzbekistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 424-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Belkina ◽  
Abdullah Al Warafi ◽  
Elhassan Hussein Eltom ◽  
Nigora Tadjieva ◽  
Ales Kubena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Inappropriate Use

Introduction: Inappropriate use of antibiotics has resulted in a dramatic increase of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. We examined knowledge, attitudes, and practices of antibiotic use in three Asian countries. Methodology: A nationwide cross-sectional study of teachers in large cities of Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Uzbekistan was conducted. A random sample of 1,200 teachers was selected in each country. Data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey and then analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistical methods. Results: The prevalence of non-prescription antibiotic use ranged from 48% in Saudi Arabia to 78% in Yemen and Uzbekistan. Pharmacies were the main source of non-prescribed antibiotics. The most common reasons for antibiotic use were cough (40%) and influenza (34%). Forty-nine percent of respondents discontinued antibiotics when they felt better. Although awareness of the dangers of antibiotic use correlated inversely with self-medication, understanding of the appropriate use of antibiotics was limited. Conclusions: The prevalence of antibiotic self-medication in the educated adult population in the studied countries was found to be alarmingly high. Effective strategies involving regulatory enforcement prohibiting sales of antibiotics without prescription should be implemented along with educational interventions for health professionals and the public.

scholarly journals Influence of leftover antibiotics on self-medication with antibiotics for children: a cross-sectional study from three Chinese provinces

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e033679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenhui Sun ◽  
Yanhong Jessika Hu ◽  
Xiaomin Wang ◽  
Jingjing Lu ◽  
Leesa Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Medical Background ◽  
At Home

ObjectivesTo investigate leftover antibiotics and their influence on self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) for Chinese children, and further explore the different influences of leftovers from two main sources: previous prescriptions and pharmaceutical purchases.DesignA cross-sectional questionnaire study.SettingThe participants were approached through kindergartens and primary schools as well as in vaccination clinics.ParticipantsA total of 9526 parents from three Chinese provinces whose children were aged 0–13 years completed the survey.Outcome measuresThe prevalence of keeping antibiotics at home for children and the proportion of leftover antibiotics from two main sources were measured by a self-administrated questionnaire. Logistic regression models were established to examine the association between keeping antibiotics at home and SMA for children, specifically the risks of leftovers from two main sources.ResultsOverall, 4580 (48.1%) reported keeping antibiotics at home for children. Among those who had leftovers, 2891 (63.1%) reported that their leftovers came from previous prescriptions and 1619 (35.3%) reported that their leftovers came from pharmaceutical purchases. Mothers, older age of child, higher household income, higher education level and medical background were significantly associated with keeping antibiotics at home. Keeping antibiotics at home was significantly associated with SMA for children (adjusted OR=4.91, 95% CI 3.84 to 6.28). Particularly, compared with parents who did not keep antibiotics at home, parents who kept leftover antibiotics from previous prescriptions and those whose leftovers came from pharmaceutical purchases were 3.80 (95% CI 2.89 to 5.00) and 6.45 (95% CI 4.89 to 8.51) times more likely to engage in SMA for children, respectively.ConclusionsKeeping antibiotics at home for children was pervasive in China. Most leftovers came from previous prescriptions, while those from pharmacies had a higher risk of SMA for children.

scholarly journals Antibiotic use in Moshi Urban: A cross-sectional Study of Knowledge and Practices among Caretakers of Children in Kilimanjaro Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-356
Author(s):  
Benedicto J Petro ◽  
Sixbert Isdory Mkumbaye ◽  
Rukia Rajab Bakar ◽  
Nassra Is-hak Yussuf ◽  
Pius G. Horumpende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

IntroductionAntibiotics are commonly accessed and used for the management of illness in children without a prescription. We investigated the caretaker’s knowledge and practices on antibiotics and antibiotics use to their children.MethodThis was the hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted from April to July 2017 in three facilities located in Moshi Municipality. A convenience sampling was employed to select for caretakers with their sick children at KCMC, Mawenzi hospital, and Longuo dispensary. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 224 caretakers who had visited health facilities with their children seeking health care.ResultsThe majority (87.9%, 197/224) of all interviewed caretakers had good knowledge of the use of antibiotics. Irrespective of knowing that it is not safe to self-medicate a child with any antibiotics (95.1%, 213/224), most (61.6%, 138/224) caretakers practiced self-medication with the medicines. Having two children (aOR = 7.75, 95% CI: 1.89-31.67) and having three children (aOR=7.23, 95%CI: 1.08-48.51) were significantly associated with good knowledge of antibiotics.ConclusionThis study has revealed that caretakers in Moshi had a good knowledge of antibiotic use. However, despite such good knowledge, malpractices were observed. We call upon the use of media campaigns to advocate for the importance of the rational use of antibiotics and its effect on human health and the risk of antimicrobial resistance development.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(3):347-356

scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Associated with Self-Medication in Dermatology in Togo

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Koussake Kombaté ◽  
Julienne Noude Técléssou ◽  
Bayaki Saka ◽  
Abla Sefako Akakpo ◽  
Koudjouka Odette Tchangai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Keratinization Disorders ◽  
One Year ◽  
Dermatologic Disease ◽  
Infectious Skin Diseases

Objective. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with self-medication in dermatology in Lomé, Togo.Methods. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study from February to April 2016 in 2 dermatology departments in Lomé. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were carried out to identify possible factors associated with self-medication.Results. A total of 711 patients were included in the study. The mean age (±SD) of the patients was26.6±6.9years and the sex ratio (male/female) was 0.6. The main dermatologic diseases recorded were immunoallergic dermatoses (39.7%) and infectious skin diseases (22.6%). Two-thirds (481/711; 66.7%) of the patients had practiced self-medication before consultation in dermatology units. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with self-medication were female sex (aOR = 1.44; 95% CI =[1.01, 2.05]), duration of dermatologic disease more than one year (aOR = 1.79; IC =[1.19, 2.68]), adnexal dermatoses (aOR = 2.31; 95% IC =[1.03–5.21]), keratinization disorders (aOR = 4.23; 95% CI =[1.36–13.13]), and fungal skin infections (aOR = 5.43; 95% CI =[2.20, 13.38]).Conclusion. Our study confirms that self-medication practice is very common among patients with dermatologic diseases in Lomé and has identified associated factors.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice toward Antibiotic Use among Harar City and Its Surrounding Community, Eastern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALemnesh Jifar ◽  
Yohanes Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Purpose. Community plays significant role in the process of emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice toward antibiotic use among Harar city and its surrounding community, Eastern Ethiopia. Patient and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 subjects from February 1 to May 1, 2017, through interview using pretested structured questionnaires. The data was entered into EpiData 3.1 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science for windows version 20. Results. A large number of the respondents (83%) replied that antibiotics speed up the recovery from coughs and colds. The majority of participants (78.4%) agreed that the unnecessarily use of antibiotics can increase the resistance of bacteria. Many respondents agreed on the importance of taking full dose (92.1%) and not to keep antibiotics for future use in their home (87.2%). They (90%) also had belief that antibiotics should not be shared from family or friends without a physician consultation and significant participants (73.1%) emphasized on the need for prescription to collect antibiotics from pharmacy. Around 79% of the subjects reported the use of antibiotic 1 year prior to study period at least once. During this period many subjects (65.3%) self-prescribed antibiotics without consulting physicians. Conclusion. In the present study, widespread use of antibiotics was reported, most of this antibiotics being accessed without prescription. Respondent exhibited poor knowledge and attitude toward antibiotics use. There were also malpractices such as failing to take full dose. Therefore, educational interventions on antibiotics use and its association with drug resistance are needed to promote judicious use of antibiotic. Introducing and enforcing antibiotics regulations should be also considered to reduce antibiotics self-prescription.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of antibiotic use and resistance among patients in South Africa: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Farley ◽  
Dena Van den Bergh ◽  
Renier Coetzee ◽  
Annemie Stewart ◽  
Tom Boyles
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Treat All ◽  
African Patients

Background: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a global health crisis. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to describe South African patients’ (n = 782) ABR knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP), differences in KAP between public (n = 379, 48%) and private (n = 403, 52%) practice respondents and associations between attitudes, perceptions and knowledge scores.Methods: Knowledge scores (15 questions) were placed into low (0% – 53%) and high ( 54%) categories (below and above overall mean). Comparisons were conducted using chi-squared and t-tests.Results: Of all respondents, 72% believed it was the human body that becomes resistant to antibiotics, 66% stated that antibiotics are good for treating viruses and 25% of patients believed that people should be given antibiotics on demand. Mean knowledge scores were lower in public sector respondents (public 45%, s.d. 15%; private 60%, s.d. 30%; p ≤ 0.001). Public practice patients with high knowledge scores were more likely to report both negative KAP (antibiotic prescriptions justify doctors’ visits, scientists will discover new antibiotics) and protective KAP (finishing a course of antibiotics, antibiotics do not treat all illnesses). Private practice patients with high knowledge scores were marginally less likely to report negative KAP (wanting antibiotics after long illnesses or when very sick) and more likely to report protective KAP (antibiotics have side effects and are a strong treatment).Conclusion: Our study shows differences in KAP by practice type and that greater knowledge increases the likelihood of protective attitudes, perceptions and behaviours.

scholarly journals Inappropriate habits of antibiotic use among medical specialists and students in Vilnius

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Artūras Barkus ◽  
Ingrida Lisauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Medical Specialists ◽  
At Home

Introduction. The resistance to antibacterial drugs is an emerging worldwide problem. Numbers of inappropriate ways to use antibiotics contribute to this issue. Self-medication is one of them. This study seeks to find out how prevalent the  self-medication with antibiotics, their storage at home and the inappropriate acquisition of antibacterial drugs are among medical specialists in Vilnius, Lithuania. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. To better identify the potential target groups, the respondents were classified according to their relation to medical care: physicians, other medical personnel, medical students and people, directly not related to medical care. Results. The overall actual self-medication with antibiotics rate was 4.0%. And, although the  actual self-medication rate might seem rather low, the intended self-medication rate was 51.4%. Also, a prevalent antibacterial drugs storage at home (45.8%) with a wide variety of preparations was reported. Only 61.9% respondents received prescriptions for antibiotics from their treating physician. 7.6% used the non-prescribed medicines and 22.0% received a prescription from a physician, who was either their colleague or a familiar person. Conclusions. Inappropriate habits of antibiotic use are prevalent. While there were some differences between the research groups, most of them were not statistically significant. It means that measures should be taken targeting health care givers as well as the general population. Educational programs about the rational use of antibiotics may help reducing the  improper habits of antibacterial drugs usage, including self-medication. Encouraging the  electronic drug prescription may be beneficial while reducing the prevalent inappropriate acquisition of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Disposal Practice of Unused and Expired Pharmaceuticals in Community of Adigrat City, Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halefom Kahsay ◽  
Mubarek Ahmedin ◽  
Binyam Kebede ◽  
Kiflay Gebrezihar ◽  
Haylay Araya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proper Disposal ◽  
At Home

Background. Medicines have become part of our day-to-day life. Due to different reasons, patients may not use all the medications dispensed to them. The storage of drugs at home promotes self-medication, which results in variety of adverse consequences. Global growth in health-seeking awareness and behavior among people has resulted in increment of medicine consumption over years. However, Ethiopians have little awareness about proper disposal of unused and expired pharmaceuticals. Besides, large quantities remain unused or expired since not all medications given to the consumers are consumed. Hence, this study could serve as an indicator for the country policy makers concerning pharmaceutical waste management. Objective. To assess knowledge, attitude, and disposal practice of unused and expired pharmaceuticals in the community of Adigrat city, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 359 respondents from the residents of Adigrat city. Semistructured questionnaires, which focused on knowledge, attitudes, and disposal practices for unused and expired medications, were used to collect data from respondents. Epi-data 3.0 suite and the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 were used in data entry and analysis. Results. All of the 359 returned questionnaires were valid for data entry and analysis. Of the 359 respondents, 57.7% were men and the majority (93%) were Orthodox Christians. Almost half of the respondents (50.14%) have good knowledge concerning the disposal of unused and expired pharmaceuticals. Most (82.2%) of the respondents have a positive attitude towards the disposal of unused and expired pharmaceuticals. Around fifty-two (52.4) of the respondents had unused medicines stored at home, with analgesics being the most common (41.5%). Around three-quarters (75.2%) and 63% of the respondents discarded unused and expired medicines in the garbage bins, respectively. Conclusion. Although the majority of the respondents had a positive attitude towards the disposal of unused and expired medications, almost half of the sample population were unaware of proper disposal practices. Furthermore, less were inclined to practice proper disposal of unused and expired medications in the city. Therefore, we recommend further studies that focus on how the disposal attitude of the population can influence their knowledge and practice of the disposal of unused and expired medications.

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