scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of antibiotic use and resistance among patients in South Africa: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Farley ◽  
Dena Van den Bergh ◽  
Renier Coetzee ◽  
Annemie Stewart ◽  
Tom Boyles
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Treat All ◽  
African Patients

Background: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a global health crisis. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to describe South African patients’ (n = 782) ABR knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP), differences in KAP between public (n = 379, 48%) and private (n = 403, 52%) practice respondents and associations between attitudes, perceptions and knowledge scores.Methods: Knowledge scores (15 questions) were placed into low (0% – 53%) and high ( 54%) categories (below and above overall mean). Comparisons were conducted using chi-squared and t-tests.Results: Of all respondents, 72% believed it was the human body that becomes resistant to antibiotics, 66% stated that antibiotics are good for treating viruses and 25% of patients believed that people should be given antibiotics on demand. Mean knowledge scores were lower in public sector respondents (public 45%, s.d. 15%; private 60%, s.d. 30%; p ≤ 0.001). Public practice patients with high knowledge scores were more likely to report both negative KAP (antibiotic prescriptions justify doctors’ visits, scientists will discover new antibiotics) and protective KAP (finishing a course of antibiotics, antibiotics do not treat all illnesses). Private practice patients with high knowledge scores were marginally less likely to report negative KAP (wanting antibiotics after long illnesses or when very sick) and more likely to report protective KAP (antibiotics have side effects and are a strong treatment).Conclusion: Our study shows differences in KAP by practice type and that greater knowledge increases the likelihood of protective attitudes, perceptions and behaviours.

scholarly journals Point prevalence survey of antibiotic consumption across three hospitals in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obed Kwabena Offe Amponsah ◽  
Kwame Ohene Buabeng ◽  
Alex Owusu-Ofori ◽  
Nana Kwame Ayisi-Boateng ◽  
Katri Hämeen-Anttila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Chi Squared

Abstract Background Actionable data on antimicrobial use is important when planning strategic interventions such as antimicrobial stewardship to address the challenge of drug resistance, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Objectives To assess the prevalence of antibiotic use, the pattern of commonly used antibiotics and patient factors that may be associated with the increased use of antibiotics in the study hospitals. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted using the WHO Methodology for Point Prevalence Surveys in hospitals. Chi-squared analysis, Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression were employed to analyse statistically the data obtained. Results The overall prevalence of antibiotic use in the hospitals was 60.5%. The commonest indications for antibiotic recommendations were community-acquired infections (36.5%), surgical prophylaxis (26.1%) and hospital-acquired infections (15.7%), among others. Very few (2.7%) of the patients had their samples taken for culture and susceptibility testing to guide therapy. Penicillins (48.7%), cephalosporins (23.5%) and fluoroquinolones (17.4%) were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. Concurrent malaria infection [adjusted OR (AOR) 0.33, 95% CI 0.11–0.94, P = 0.04] and increasing age (AOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–1.00, P = 0.02) were associated with lower risk of antibiotic use. Conclusions The prevalence of antibiotic consumption in the hospitals was lower than that reported in similar studies in Ghana, but high relative to some reports from high-income countries. Most antibiotic therapy was empirical and not guided by culture and susceptibility testing. There is the need for application of the WHO AWaRe classification for the selection of antibiotics and increased use of culture and susceptibility data to guide infectious disease therapy.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards COVID-19 among people in Bangladesh during the pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Golam Rabbani ◽  
Orin Akter ◽  
Md. Zahid Hasan ◽  
Nandeeta Samad ◽  
Shehrin Shaila Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

The world is grappling with Covid-19, a dire public health crisis. Preventive and control measures are adopted to reduce the spread of COVID-19. It is important to know the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of people towards this pandemic to suggest appropriate coping strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the KAP of Bangladeshi people towards Covid-19 and determinants of those KAPs. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 492 Bangladeshi people aged above 18 years from May 7 to 29, 2020 throughout the country. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors associated with KAP on COVID-19. About 45% of respondents had good knowledge, 49% of respondents expressed positive attitude towards controlling of COVID-19 and 24% of respondents had favorable practice towards COVID-19. Almost three fourths of the respondents went outside home during the lockdown period. Furthermore, the study found that good knowledge and attitude were associated with better practice of COVID-19 health measures. An evidence informed and context specific risk communication and community engagement, and a social and behavior change communication strategy against COVID-19 should be developed in Bangladesh, based on the findings of this study, targeting different socio-economic groups.

scholarly journals Continuous Labor Support and Person-Centered Maternity Care: A Cross-Sectional Study with Women in Rural Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gift Kiti ◽  
Ndola Prata ◽  
Patience A. Afulani
Keyword(s):  
Maternity Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Labor Support ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Rural Kenya ◽  
Continuous Support

Abstract Objective This study assessed whether having continuous support during labor is associated with better person-centered maternity care (PCMC) among women in rural Kenya. Methods Data are from a cross-sectional survey with women aged 15–49 years who delivered in the 9 weeks preceding survey completion (N = 865). PCMC was operationalized using a validated 13-item scale, with a summative score developed from responses that capture dignity and respect, communication and autonomy, and supportive care from providers (excluding support from a lay companion). Continuous support was operationalized as the continuous presence of a lay companion (friend or family) during labor. We carried out bivariate analyses using chi-squared and t-tests and ran multivariable linear regression models to examine the association between continuous labor support and PCMC. Results The average PCMC score was 24.2 (SD = 8.4) out of a total score of 39. About two-thirds (68%) of women had continuous support during labor. The average PCMC scores among women who had continuous support was 25.7 (SD = 8.4) compared to 21.0 (SD = 7.6) among those who did not have continuous support (p-value ≤ 0.001). After controlling for various confounders this association was still significant (coefficient = 4.0; 95% CI 2.9, 5.2; p-value ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Women who have continuous labor support during childbirth are more likely to have improved PCMC. Efforts to promote PCMC should thus include continuous labor support.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of antibiotic misuse among Chinese children in developed and less developed provinces

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannan Xu ◽  
Jingjing Lu ◽  
Chenhui Sun ◽  
Xiaomin Wang ◽  
Yanhong Jessika Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
At Home

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health crisis and primarily caused by antibiotic misuse. Antibiotic misuse among children is particularly concerning, and its prevalence may vary from region to region in China with different development levels. Methodology: Zhejiang and Shaanxi were selected to represent developed and less developed provinces in China, respectively. Data of 2924 parents in Zhejiang and 3355 parents in Shaanxi whose children were 0-13 years old were collected through multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling and a self-administrated questionnaire. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results: Compared to parents in Zhejiang, those in Shaanxi were more likely to keep antibiotics for children at home, to engage in self-medication with antibiotics for children, and to make their children take antibiotics prophylactically. While there were no significant provincial differences between parents’ requests for antibiotics during pediatric consultations, parents in Shaanxi province were more likely to receive prescribed antibiotics. Conclusions: Children in less developed provinces face higher risks of antibiotic misuse at home as well as when attending medical practitioners. Comprehensive educational interventions are required to improve antibiotic use for children all over China but particularly in less developed provinces such as Shaanxi. Furthermore, non-prescription sales and over-prescribing of antibiotics should be reduced by targeted strategies.

scholarly journals Evaluating Knowledge of Human Microbiota among University Students in Jordan, an Online Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13324
Author(s):  
Anas H. A. Abu-Humaidan ◽  
Jawad A. Alrawabdeh ◽  
Laith S. Theeb ◽  
Yazan I. Hamadneh ◽  
Mohammad B. Omari
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Beliefs ◽  
Human Microbiota ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
The University

Human microbiota have a significant impact on the health of individuals, and reciprocally, lifestyle choices of individuals have an important effect on the diversity and composition of microbiota. Studies assessing microbiota knowledge among the public are lacking, although it is hypothesized that this knowledge can motivate healthier behavior. Hence, this study aimed to measure microbiota knowledge among university students, and the effect of this knowledge on behavioral beliefs. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students from various fields of study enrolled at the University of Jordan, using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts: demographics, general knowledge of microbiota, and behavioral beliefs related to microbiota. Four hundred and two responses were collected from verified university students. Participants were divided into two groups depending on whether they took a formal microbiology course (45 h) or not. Results from those two groups were compared using appropriate statistical methods. Results showed that most participants, even those who did not take a formal microbiology course, displayed good knowledge of what microbiota is and how they can be influenced by personal and environmental factors. Participants who took a microbiology course had significantly higher microbiota knowledge scores and were more aware of the effect of antibiotics on microbiota. Participants’ behavioral beliefs regarding their antibiotic use, but not their diet and lifestyle choices, were affected by their knowledge of microbiota. The study indicates that disseminating knowledge regarding microbiota and microbiology in general, can improve behaviors related to antibiotic use.

scholarly journals Assessing the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of tobacco-associated diseases and how it is influenced by tobacco products advertisement, promotion and sponsorship while enforcing a strong and comprehensive ban in Panama: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e024373
Author(s):  
Hedley Knewjen Quintana ◽  
Víctor Herrera ◽  
Cecilio Niño ◽  
Beatriz Gómez ◽  
Reina Roa
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Index Value

ObjectivesAssessing the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP) of tobacco-associated diseases, and how it is influenced by tobacco products' advertisement, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) while enforcing a strong and comprehensive ban.DesignThe Panamanian implementation of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey: an international standardised cross-sectional survey study.SettingNational Panamanian population aged between 15 years and 29 years old.ParticipantsThere were 4796 responding participants (n=905 830 in the expanded sample).Primary and secondary outcomesAn index was developed using factorial analysis using TAPS and KAP variables. The primary outcomes were: (1) The national median index value. (2) The index value stratified by sex, age, occupation, income quintile and geographical areas. (3) The first and second factor loadings (FFL and SFL, respectively) for variables included in the KAP index.ResultsFifteen out of the 16 variables comprising the index were variables related to KAP and one variable was related to TAPS. The top three variables according to their FFL were ‘KAP that cigarette is associated to …’: (1) ‘… bladder cancer’. (2) ‘… breast cancer’. (3) ‘… stomach cancer’. The top three variables according to the SFL were ‘KAP that cigarette is associated to …’: (1)‘… chronic bronchitis’. (2) ‘… myocardial infarction’. (3) ‘… lung cancer’. Illegal tobacco advertisement in posters was the only TAPS variable included in the index. The national KAP index value was 0.26. Our results show that current smokers, teens, men, people with the lowest income quintile, and those living in Guna Yala Indigenous Territory (health region with the highest smoking prevalence) had a lower median value than the national median.ConclusionsMen, young adults and deprived youth had the lowest median KAP index. Illegal TAPS had no influence on the KAP of tobacco-associated diseases when a strong and comprehensive ban is enforced.

scholarly journals Use of antibiotics to treat humans and animals in Uganda: a cross-sectional survey of households and farmers in rural, urban and peri-urban settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Nayiga ◽  
Miriam Kayendeke ◽  
Christine Nabirye ◽  
Laurie Denyer Willis ◽  
Clare I R Chandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotic ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract Background Use of antibiotics to treat humans and animals is increasing worldwide, but evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. We conducted cross-sectional surveys in households and farms in Uganda to assess patterns of antibiotic use among humans and animals. Methods Between May and December 2018, a convenience sample of 100 households in Nagongera (rural), 174 households in Namuwongo (urban) and 115 poultry and piggery farms in Wakiso (peri-urban) were selected and enrolled. Using the ‘drug bag’ method, participants identified antibiotics they used frequently and the sources of these medicines. Prevalence outcomes were compared between different sites using prevalence ratios (PRs) and chi-squared tests. Results Nearly all respondents in Nagongera and Namuwongo reported using antibiotics to treat household members, most within the past month (74.7% Nagongera versus 68.8% Namuwongo, P = 0.33). Use of metronidazole was significantly more common in Namuwongo than in Nagongera (73.6% versus 40.0%, PR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.42–0.70, P < 0.001), while the opposite was true for amoxicillin (33.3% versus 58.0%, PR 1.74, 95% CI: 1.33–2.28, P < 0.001).Veterinary use of antibiotics within the past month was much higher in Wakiso than in Nagongera (71.3% versus 15.0%, P < 0.001). At both sites, oxytetracycline hydrochloride was the most frequently used veterinary antibiotic, but it was used more commonly in Wakiso than in Nagongera (76.5% versus 31.0%, PR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.30–0.55, P < 0.001). Conclusions Antibiotics are used differently across Uganda. Further research is needed to understand why antibiotics are relied upon in different ways in different contexts. Efforts to optimize antibiotic use should be tailored to specific settings.

scholarly journals Public Perceptions of Cupping Therapy (Hijama) and Whether It Will Be Chosen Over Donating Blood

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Abdulraheem Alshareef ◽  
Abdulrahman Amer Albeladi ◽  
Ahmad Khalaf Alsaedi ◽  
Ahmad Abdulaziz Alnakhli ◽  
Raed Saad AlHejili
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Cupping Therapy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
High Knowledge

Background: Modern medicine, despite its great advances, still not as effective as cupping therapy in treating many medical conditions. Objective: To assess the level of awareness and the general perceptions about cupping therapy (Hijama) in the Saudi population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 1120 adult subjects (473 males and 647 females), during the period from January to March 2020. Participants responded to an anonymous self-administered questionnaire requesting information about their knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of cupping therapy. The data collected from 1120 questionnaires were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods in two stages (descriptive analysis - analysis of the study hypotheses). The frequencies and percentages of the descriptive analysis and the primary data of the study sample were calculated and the responses of its members to the questions included in the questionnaire were determined. The study hypotheses were analyzed using the chi-squared test to study the independence of the variables under study. The analysis was done using (IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0) software. Results: About 32% of the participants underwent cupping before and the majority of them performed wet cupping (82.2%) and felt light pain (55.6%). Almost 60% of all participants were afraid of cupping and this fear was mainly from the injury (37%). The percentage of those who prefer to donate their blood was 72% while only 28% choose to perform cupping. There were statistically significant relationships between the gender of the participants and cupping procedure (p=0.003), fear of performing it (p<0.001) and preference for cupping over donating blood (p=0.002). Similarly, there were statistically significant relationships (p<0.001) between the age of the participants and cupping procedure, fear of performing it and preference for cupping over donating blood. Conclusion: This study showed the high knowledge, attitudes and perception of the Saudi population towards wet cupping therapy. Importantly, most of the surveyed population, especially younger ones, choose to donate their blood rather than performing wet cupping. Further research is needed to establish a collaboration platform between wet cupping clinics and blood banks to fill the gap of frequent shortage of blood units.

MORBIDITY PATTERN AMONG ADOLESCENT SCHOOL GIRLS IN RURAL AND URBAN SCHOOL OF JHANSI (U.P.)- A COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhanshu Gupta ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Piyush D Swami ◽  
Anjana Niranjan
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background: According to World Health Organization, adolescents constitute about one fifth of the world population, and in India they constitute about 21% of the total population. Most of the surveys show that health status of adolescent girls is at sub-optimal level. Objectives: To assess nutritional status and morbidity pattern among the adolescent girls and to suggest measures for improvement of health status of adolescent girls.  Method: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among 250 adolescent schoolgirls in Rural and urban field practice area of Jhansi school from January 2017 to July 2014. Results: Among the various morbidities eye problem was seen in maximum no of adolescent girls. Eye problem was present in 44.8% of adolescent girls followed by respiratory 14.7% and ear 13.06% disease. Skin disease was present in 3.2% of adolescent girls, which was more in rural girls 6.7% than in urban girls 1.7%, may be due to better hygienic practice in urban schoolgirls. Conclusions: Rural background, low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, birth rate and order, income and number of members in a family have shown to be significant determinants of morbidity pattern in the adolescent girls. Keywords: Adolescent, anemia, morbidity, vaginal discharge.

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