scholarly journals Etiology, antibiotic susceptibility and prognostic factors of pediatric community-acquired sepsis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Abel Abera Negash ◽  
Daniel Asrat ◽  
Workeabeba Abebe ◽  
Tewodros Hailemariam ◽  
Andualem Wubete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Quellung Reaction

Introduction: There is a scarcity of data on pediatric community-acquired sepsis (CAS) in Ethiopia. We sought to determine the etiology, role of Streptococcus pneumoniae, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and prognostic factors in children with CAS in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study of 101 children aged 0-15 years with suspected CAS was performed at two major hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Blood culture, antibiotic susceptibility testing, amplification of the autolysin (lytA) gene and typing S. pneumoniae by sequencing and Quellung reaction were performed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of culture-positive CAS was 18.81% (19/101). S. pneumoniae (21.1%) (Serotypes 19A (n = 2), 33C and 12F) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.1%) were the most common causes of CAS. Half of K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to gentamicin and ceftriaxone. The most common antibiotics used for treatment were a combination of ampicillin with gentamicin (47.5%). The presence of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in the preceding 3 months was an independent predictor associated with culture-proven sepsis (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 7.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.42 - 34.64; P = 0.02). The case-fatality rate was 11.9% (12/101). Presence of underlying comorbidity (AOR, 6.8; 95% CI, 1.59-28.7; P = 0.009) was an independent predictor of mortality. Conclusions: S. pneumoniae and K. pneumoniae were the major causes of CAS and there was a substantial level of antibiotic resistance. Presence of LRTIs in the preceding 3 months was a predictor of culture-proven CAS whereas underlying comorbidity was a predictor of mortality.

scholarly journals Urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibility among the patients attending B & D hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadav Prasad Joshi ◽  
Shreejeet Shrestha ◽  
Russell Kabir ◽  
Anita Thapa ◽  
Parbati Upreti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Background:Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infections in humans and serious health problem in many parts of the world. It has become more complicated in treatment due to different pathogens and increasing resistant to antimicrobial agents. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens among the patients attending in B & B hospital Nepal.Materials and Methods:A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in between April 2010 to March 2011. Urine samples were collected from clinically suspected patients and tested bacteriologically using standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for isolated pathogen using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results:Out of 1260 examined specimens 25.24 % were positive and majority 61.64% were females.  The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (66.67%), Enterococcus (7.55%) and Staphylococcus (6.60 %). The drug resistant among the positive cases were reported. The highest resistant of positive cases was found with Cefexime (87.88%) and Enterococcus with Ampicillin (66.67%) and Staphyllococcus with Cloxacillin (66.67%). The highest susceptibility was for Vancomycin and Ampicillin i.e. 33.33% in each.Conclusion:The findings showed that E. coli isolates were the predominant pathogen and the presence of bacterial isolates with very high resistance to the commonly prescribed drugs. As drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is an evolving process and serious issue. Therefore, routine surveillance and monitoring studies should be conducted to provide physicians knowledge on the updated and most effective empirical treatment of UTIs. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 47-51

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae Associated with the 2017 Outbreak in Kasese district

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Stanley Iramiot ◽  
Innocent B. Rwego ◽  
Catherine Kansiime ◽  
Benon B Asiimwe
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract Background Cholera has continued to be a global threat to public health and a key indicator of lack of social development in developing countries. This report summarizes findings from the epidemiologic investigation, which aimed at identifying the mode of transmission and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the Vibrio cholerae isolated in Kasese district, Uganda. Materials and methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study to describe the epidemiology of the 2017 cholera outbreak in Kasese district. Rectal swabs were collected from 69 suspected case-persons and cultured on Thiosulphate-Citrate-Bile-Salts Sucrose (TCBS™; SEIKEN Japan) agar and incubated at 370C for 18-24 hours. The isolates were serotyped with polyvalent 01 antiserum and monovalent serotype Inaba and Ogawa antisera (Denka Seiken, Tokyo, Japan) to determine which serotype was responsible for the outbreak. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results A total of 222 cases were recorded in the Kasese District outbreak between the month of September 2017 and January 2018 with the case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.4%. Children below the age of 14 years contributed the biggest proportion of the cases (70%) and out of these, 33% were aged below five years. Antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin and over 50% were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole whereas gentamicin showed 100% susceptibility. The general trend also showed increased susceptibility to combination therapy as opposed to mono-therapy.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae Associated with the 2017 Outbreak in Kasese district

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Stanley Iramiot ◽  
Innocent B. Rwego ◽  
Catherine Kansiime ◽  
Benon B Asiimwe
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract Background Cholera has continued to be a global threat to public health and a key indicator of lack of social development in developing countries. This report summarizes findings from the epidemiologic investigation, which aimed at identifying the mode of transmission and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the Vibrio cholerae isolated in Kasese district, Uganda. Materials and methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study to describe the epidemiology of the 2017 cholera outbreak in Kasese district. Rectal swabs were collected from 69 suspected case-persons and cultured on Thiosulphate-Citrate-Bile-Salts Sucrose (TCBS™; SEIKEN Japan) agar and incubated at 370C for 18-24 hours. The isolates were serotyped with polyvalent 01 antiserum and monovalent serotype Inaba and Ogawa antisera (Denka Seiken, Tokyo, Japan) to determine which serotype was responsible for the outbreak. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results A total of 222 cases were recorded in the Kasese District outbreak between the month of September 2017 and January 2018 with the case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.4%. Children below the age of 14 years contributed the biggest proportion of the cases (70%) and out of these, 33% were aged below five years. Antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin and over 50% were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole whereas gentamicin showed 100% susceptibility. The general trend also showed increased susceptibility to combination therapy as opposed to mono-therapy.

scholarly journals Etiology, Antibiotic Susceptibility and Prognostic Factors of Pediatric Community-Acquired Sepsis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Abera Negash ◽  
Daniel Asrat ◽  
Workeabeba Abebe ◽  
Tewodros Hailemariam ◽  
Andualem Wubete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

Abstract Background: There is a scarcity of data on pediatric community-acquired sepsis (CAS) in Ethiopia. We sought to determine the etiology, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and prognostic factors in children with CAS in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 101 children aged 0-15 yrs with suspected CAS was performed. Blood culture, antibiotic susceptibility testing, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of the autolysin (lytA) gene from whole blood samples and typing Streptococcus pneumoniae by sequencing the cpsB gene and using Quellung reaction were performed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression.Results: The prevalence of culture-positive CAS was 14.9 % (15/101). S. pneumoniae (26.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.7%) were the most common causes of CAS. The four isolated pneumococci belonged to serotypes 19A (n = 2), 33C and 12F. Half of K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to gentamicin and ceftriaxone. The case-fatality rate was 11.9% (12/101). In univariate analysis, age of 28 days - 1year (odds ratio (OR), 0.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.01-0.98; P, 0.048), body temperature of 37.5 0C - 38.5 0C (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.05-0.82; P, 0.026) were negatively associated with mortality. Presence of underlying comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 6.8; 95% CI, 1.59-28.7; P, 0.009) was an independent predictor of mortality.Conclusions: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the major causes of CAS and there was a substantial level of antibiotic resistance among isolates. Presence of underlying comorbidity was a predictor of mortality. Large scale studies on etiology, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and prognostic factors of CAS in Ethiopia are warranted.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae Associated with the 2017 Outbreak in Kasese district

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Stanley Iramiot ◽  
Innocent B. Rwego ◽  
Catherine Kansiime ◽  
Benon B Asiimwe
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract Background Cholera has continued to be a global threat to public health and a key indicator of lack of social development in developing countries. This report summarizes findings from the epidemiologic investigation, which aimed at identifying the mode of transmission and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the Vibrio cholerae isolated in Kasese district, Uganda. Materials and methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study to describe the epidemiology of the 2017 cholera outbreak in Kasese district. Rectal swabs were collected from 69 suspected case-persons and cultured on Thiosulphate-Citrate-Bile-Salts Sucrose (TCBS™; SEIKEN Japan) agar and incubated at 370C for 18-24 hours. The isolates were serotyped with polyvalent 01 antiserum and monovalent serotype Inaba and Ogawa antisera (Denka Seiken, Tokyo, Japan) to determine which serotype was responsible for the outbreak. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results A total of 222 cases were recorded in the Kasese District outbreak between the month of September 2017 and January 2018 with the case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.4%. Children below the age of 14 years contributed the biggest proportion of the cases (70%) and out of these, 33% were aged below five years. Antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin and over 50% were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole whereas gentamicin showed 100% susceptibility. The general trend also showed increased susceptibility to combination therapy as opposed to mono-therapy.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae Associated with the 2017 Outbreak in Kasese district

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Stanley Iramiot ◽  
Innocent B. Rwego ◽  
Catherine Kansiime ◽  
Benon B Asiimwe
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract Background Cholera has continued to be a global threat to public health and a key indicator of lack of social development in developing countries. This report summarizes findings from the epidemiologic investigation, which aimed at identifying the mode of transmission and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the Vibrio cholerae isolated in Kasese district, Uganda. Materials and methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study to describe the epidemiology of the 2017 cholera outbreak in Kasese district. Rectal swabs were collected from 69 suspected case-persons and cultured on Thiosulphate-Citrate-Bile-Salts Sucrose (TCBS™; SEIKEN Japan) agar and incubated at 370C for 18-24 hours. The isolates were serotyped with polyvalent 01 antiserum and monovalent serotype Inaba and Ogawa antisera (Denka Seiken, Tokyo, Japan) to determine which serotype was responsible for the outbreak. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results A total of 222 cases were recorded in the Kasese District outbreak between the month of September 2017 and January 2018 with the case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.4%. Children below the age of 14 years contributed the biggest proportion of the cases (70%) and out of these, 33% were aged below five years. Antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin and over 50% were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole whereas gentamicin showed 100% susceptibility. The general trend also showed increased susceptibility to combination therapy as opposed to mono-therapy.

scholarly journals Characterisation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Enterococci in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North East India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antara Roy ◽  
Rajkumar Manojkumar Singh ◽  
Supriya Laifangbam
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Enterococci are important agents of nosocomial infection, ranking as the second most common organisms causing complicated urinary tract infections, bacteraemia, endocarditis, intra-abdominal and pelvic infections, wound and soft tissue infections, neonatal sepsis, and, rarely, meningitis. Infections by enterococci have traditionally been treated with cell wall active agents (e.g., penicillin or ampicillin) in combination with an aminoglycoside (streptomycin/gentamicin); however, emergence of High Level Aminoglycoside Resistance (HLAR), β lactam antibiotics resistance and vancomycin resistance by some strains has led to failure of synergistic effects of combination therapy. Aim: To characterise enterococci up to the species level and study their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study in which a total of 14114 clinical specimens, obtained during the period from September 2018 to August 2020 in this cross-sectional study, were tested to identify and speciate enterococcal isolates using standard microbiological methodology. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics (percentage and proportion). Results: During the study period of two years, 146 enterococci were recovered from 14114 different clinical samples, accounting for an infection rate of 1.03%. Among 146 enterococcal isolates, 116 (79.5%) were obtained from urine, 13 (8.9%) from blood, 10 (6.8%) from pus, 4 (2.7%) from wound swab and 3 (2.1%) from catheter tip. The predominant isolates were E. faecalis (82.2%) followed by E. faecium (15.8%), E.durans (1.3%) and E.gallinarum (0.7%). On studying the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, most of enterococcal isolates were predominantly resistant to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin (73.9% in both) and least resistant to linezolid (3.4%). Conclusion: Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were the predominant species in present study and majority of the isolates was sensitive to linezolid (96.6%). Therefore, it is necessary to implement infection control measures like antimicrobial stewardship especially restricting the use of antibiotics to minimum.

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