scholarly journals Detection and gB genotyping of CMV in Mexican preterm infants in the context of maternal seropositivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (06) ◽  
pp. 758-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Arellano-Galindo ◽  
Dina Villanueva-García ◽  
José Luis Cruz-Ramirez ◽  
Juan Pablo Yalaupari-Mejìa ◽  
Gabriel Uribe-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Introduction: Congenital (CI) and perinatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections (PI) can be linked to maternal CMV seropositivity, with fatal consequences in preterm newborns. GB genotyping has been used to analyze genotypic similarity in mothers and infants. The frequency of CMV infection in the context of maternal seropositivity and the viral gB genotypes as well as the genotypic similarity in mothers and preterm infants were investigated. Methodology: Saliva samples and dry blood spots (DBS) were taken weekly from preterm newborns  from birth  until the first month of life, and breast milk samples were taken from their mothers weekly during the first month of lactation. CMV IgG seroprevalence of the mothers and CI or PI in the infants were established. The gB status and genotypic similarities were established retrospectively in DBS and in the breast milk samples. Results: In total, 387 neonates and 375 mothers were enrolled. The maternal CMV-positive IgG serology was 97.3% (365/375). Neonatal CMV was found in 5.1% (20/387) of newborns, and one infant presented with CMV-compatible symptoms. CI was 2.5% and PI in the first month after birth was 11.8%. GB2 was the most prevalent genotype and was also the genotype preferentially transmitted to newborns by mothers with mixed infections. Conclusions: CMV PI and CI in preterm infants from highly seropositive mothers was high, but the rate of symptomatic infection was low. The prevalent genotype was gB2, and this genotype was preferentially transmitted to newborns by mothers with mixed infections.

Vertically transmitted cytomegalovirus infection in newborn preterm infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Balcells ◽  
Francesc Botet ◽  
Sònia Gayete ◽  
M Ángeles Marcos ◽  
Izaskun Dorronsoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Vertical Transmission Rate ◽  
Congenital Cmv Infection ◽  
Preterm Newborns

AbstractTo determine the epidemiology of congenital and acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in preterm infants and to analyze the efficacy of breast milk freezing in decreasing the vertical transmission rate of CMV.During 2013 and 2014, preterm newborns who weighed ≤1500 g and were admitted to 22 Spanish neonatal units were included and screened for CMV infection according to the Spanish Neonatology Society recommendations. Each hospital treated the breast milk according to its own protocols.Among the 1236 preterm neonates included, 10 had a congenital infection (0.8%) and 49 had an acquired infection (4.0%) (82% demonstrated positive PCR-CMV in breast milk). The neonates who received only frozen milk presented less frequently with acquired infection (1.2%) than those fed fresh milk (5.5%) (RR=0.22; 95% CI 0.05–0.90; P=0.017). The newborns who received bank milk followed by frozen or fresh breast milk more frequently had an acquired infection (2.1% or 2.2%, respectively) than those fed only frozen breast milk.The incidence of congenital CMV infection in our sample is low, as described in the literature. To reduce acquired CMV infection, freezing breast milk might be an advisable procedure for preterm neonates born from seropositive mothers, either from the beginning of lactation or after a period of bank milk administration.

EFFECT OF PASTEURISATION ON THE CONCENTRATIONS OF VITAMIN D COMPOUNDS IN DONOR BREAST MILK

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. e2.19-e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Gomes ◽  
Nick Shaw ◽  
Karen Whitfield ◽  
Pieter Koorts ◽  
Helen McConachy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Vitamin D Analogues ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Signed Rank Test

AimBreastmilk is considered the most important nutrient and source of supplementation for both term and preterm infants.1 It is composed of many important nutrients, including vitamin D.2 The content of this vitamin in breast milk is usually low, even for lactating mothers with adequate vitamin D status.2 3 Preterm infants are at the great risk of vitamin D deficiency due to decreased transplacental transfer.4 Premature infants are the main recipients of pasteurised donor human milk (PDHM), when their mothers are unable to provide their own.This study aims to evaluate the effect of pasteurisation on the concentrations of vitamin D compounds in donor breast milk.MethodA total of 16 participants, who donated breast milk to the RBWH milk bank, were recruited in this study. Milk samples were obtained pre- and post-Holder pasteurisation. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyse the samples for vitamins D2 and D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamins D2 and D3 (25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3). The significance of differences in vitamin D concentrations between the two groups of milk samples was assessed using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, in which P<0.05 was considered significant.ResultsPasteurisation resulted in a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the content of D2, D3, 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3, with P values of 0.0001 for all targeted analytes. The concentrations of the vitamin D analogues in non-pasteurised milk ranged from 3.6 to 5.0 pM (D2), 1.0 to 9.8 pM (D3), 1.4 to 2.1 pM (25(OH)D2) and 1.2 to 9.3 pM (25(OH)D3). The concentrations of the vitamin D analogues in post-pasteurised milk ranged from 3.0 to 4.0 pM (D2), 0.6 to 9.5 pM (D3), 1.2 to 1.7 pM (25(OH)D2) and 1.1 to 9.1 pM (25(OH)D3). Losses of vitamin D compounds resulting from the pasteurisation process ranged from 10% to 20%.ConclusionPasteurisation significantly affected the concentration of vitamin D compounds in pasteurised donor breast milk.

Antioxidant Capacity of Breast Milk of Mothers who Delivered Prematurely is Higher Than That of Mothers who Delivered at Term

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Turhan ◽  
Atıcı ◽  
Muslu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Mean

Background: The total antioxidant capacity of plasma of preterm infants has been suggested to be lower than that of term infants. The objective of this study was to compare the total antioxidant capacity of the breast milk of mothers who delivered prematurely with that of mothers who delivered at term. Materials and Methods: A total of 71 breast milk samples were collected, 41 from mothers who delivered preterm (27 to 37 weeks) and 30 from mothers who delivered at term (38 to 42 weeks). Results: The mean total antioxidant capacity of the breast milk of mothers who delivered prematurely was higher (2.19 ± 0.88 mmol/L) than that of mothers who delivered at term (1.7 ± 0.86 mmol/L) (p = 0.024). Conclusion: Breastfeeding may protect preterm infants against oxidative stress and related disorders in the neonatal period.

Long-term cognitive and neurological outcome of preterm infants with postnatally acquired CMV infection through breast milk

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. F430-F433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rangmar Goelz ◽  
Christoph Meisner ◽  
Andrea Bevot ◽  
Klaus Hamprecht ◽  
Ingeborg Kraegeloh-Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Neurological Outcome ◽  
Cmv Infection

Transmission of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusto Preterm Infants Through Breast Milk

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 778-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Behari ◽  
Janet Englund ◽  
Grace Alcasid ◽  
Sylvia Garcia-Houchins ◽  
Stephen G. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Surveillance Culture ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Breast Infection ◽  
Multiple Blood ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

AbstractObjective:To determine a potential source of MRSA colonization and infection among preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using molecular analysis of breast milk samples.Design:Case report, outbreak investigation.Results:Preterm triplets were delivered at 26 weeks' gestation via cesarean section when routine active surveillance for MRSA was performed for all infants in a NICU. Surveillance consisted of swabbing the throat, nose, and umbilicus (TNU) weekly. Although infants A and B initially had negative TNU swabs, repeat cultures were positive for MRSA on day of life (DOL) 10 and DOL 18, respectively. Surveillance and clinical cultures for infant C were negative. Infant A developed sepsis, and multiple blood cultures were positive for MRSA beginning on DOL 14. Infant B developed conjunctivitis and a conjunctival exudate culture was positive for MRSA on DOL 70. Both infants were fed breast milk via nasogastric tube. Cultures of breast milk samples for infants A and B dated prior to either infant's first positive surveillance culture were positive for MRSA. All MRSA isolates had identical results on antibiotic susceptibility testing. PFGE demonstrated identical banding patterns for the MRSA isolates from the blood culture of infant A, breast milk for infants A and B, and a surveillance swab from infant B. At no time did the mother develop evidence of mastitis or other local breast infection.Conclusions:MRSA can be passed from mother to preterm infant through contaminated breast milk, even in the absence of maternal infection. Colonization and clinical disease can result.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding: making the difference in the development, health and nutrition of term and preterm newborns

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Beatriz Reinert do Nascimento ◽  
Hugo Issler
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Interdisciplinary Team ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Premature Newborn ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Breastfeeding is the natural and safe way of feeding small infants, providing nutritional, immunological, psychological and economic recognized and unquestionable advantages. These qualities are especially important in premature infants, because of their vulnerability. Despite highly desirable, there is, in general, little success in breastfeeding preterm infants, especially in special care neonatal units. There are evidences that a high supportive hospital environment, with an interdisciplinary team, makes possible to these infants to be breastfed. In this article, the authors present an up-to-date review about the components of human milk and its unique characteristics, as well as describes aspects that make the breast milk particularly suitable for feeding the premature newborn.

scholarly journals Individualized Target Fortification of Breast Milk: Optimizing Macronutrient Content Using Different Fortifiers and Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Fusch ◽  
Gerhard Fusch ◽  
Efrah I. Yousuf ◽  
Markus Rochow ◽  
Hon Yiu So ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Analysis ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Clinical Scenarios

Background: Native breast milk composition displays significant inter- and intra-individual variation which persists after standard fortification with fixed doses and challenges target fortification. This study aims to analyze the macronutrient composition of different commercially available fortifiers and the effect of different fortification strategies on nutritional intake of preterm infants.Methods: In 103 preterm infants, native breast milk samples were collected from 24-h feeding batches (n = 3,338) and fat, protein and carbohydrate contents were analyzed. Nutrient content was compared for breast milk that had undergone either (i) standard fortification, (ii) targeted fortification, (iii) selective batching according to breast milk composition, or (iv) partial lyophilization. For (i) eight commercially available standard fortifiers were tested. Targeted fortification (ii) involved the addition of single component modulars of either protein, fat or carbohydrates to standard fortified breast milk. Using a mathematical growth model, the combined effect of protein, fat and carbohydrate intake on growth was assessed. The best composition of standard fortifiers as the initial step for target fortification was explored assuming three clinical scenarios for milk analysis.Results: Macronutrient content was highly variable between native breast milk samples, and this variation was still present after standard fortification, however at elevated macronutrient levels. Standard fortification, breast milk batching, as well as partial lyophilization of human milk resulted in deficient and imbalanced enteral intakes in a significant proportion of infants. Target fortification reduced this variation in a, respectively, higher percentage of samples. The effect size was dependent on the number of measurements per week. The optimum composition of standard fortifiers was dependent on the clinical scenario (measurement frequency) for target fortification.Conclusions: To provide precise and accurate intakes of macronutrients, breast milk should be target fortified. Standard fortified breast milk can result in excess above recommended intakes of some macronutrients which limits the efficiency of target fortification. Standard fortifiers with improved composition are needed for target fortification.

scholarly journals Nutrition of Preterm Infants and Raw Breast Milk-Acquired Cytomegalovirus Infection: French National Audit of Clinical Practices and Diagnostic Approach

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Aurelie Lopes ◽  
Valerie Champion ◽  
Delphine Mitanchez
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Neonatal Care ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
National Audit ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Cmv Status

Raw breast milk is the optimal nutrition for infants, but it is also the primary cause of acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Thus, many countries have chosen to contraindicate to feed raw breast milk preterm infants from CMV-positive mothers before a corrected age of 32 weeks or under a weight of 1500 g. French national recommendations have not been updated since 2005. An audit of the French practices regarding the nutrition with raw breast milk in preterm infants was carried out using a questionnaire sent to all neonatal care units. Diagnosed postnatal milk-acquired CMV infections have been analysed using hospitalisation reports. Seventy-five percent of the neonatal units responded: 24% complied with the French recommendations, 20% contraindicated raw breast milk to all infants before 32 weeks regardless of the mothers’ CMV-status, whereas 25% fed all preterm infants unconditionally with raw breast milk. Thirty-five cases of infants with milk-acquired CMV infections have been reported. The diagnosis was undeniable for five patients. In France, a high heterogeneity marks medical practices concerning the use of raw breast milk and the diagnostic approach for breast milk-acquired CMV infection is often incomplete. In this context, updated national recommendations and monitored CMV infections are urgently needed.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine mRNABNT162b2 Elicits Human Antibody Response in Milk of Breastfeeding Women

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Maurizio Guida ◽  
Daniela Terracciano ◽  
Michele Cennamo ◽  
Federica Aiello ◽  
Evelina La Civita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Antibodies ◽  
Roche Diagnostics

Objective: The objective of this research is to demonstrate the release of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) antibodies in human milk samples obtained by patients who have been vaccinated with mRNABNT162b2 vaccine. Methods: Milk and serum samples were collected in 10 volunteers 20 days after the first dose and 7 seven days after the second dose of the mRNABNT162b2 vaccine. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were measured by the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S ECLIA assay (Roche Diagnostics AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland), a quantitative electrochemiluminescence immunometric method. Results: At first sample, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were detected in all serum samples (103.9 ± 54.9 U/mL) and only in two (40%) milk samples with a low concentration (1.2 ± 0.3 U/mL). At the second sample, collected 7 days after the second dose, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were detected in all serum samples (3875.7 ± 3504.6 UI/mL) and in all milk samples (41.5 ± 47.5 UI/mL). No correlation was found between the level of serum and milk antibodies; the milk antibodies/serum antibodies ratio was on average 2% (range: 0.2–8.4%). Conclusion: We demonstrated a release of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies in the breast milk of women vaccinated with mRNABNT162b2. Vaccinating breastfeeding women could be a strategy to protect their infants from COVID-19 infection.

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