Use of flexible bronchoscopy for rapid diagnosis of suspected tubercular cases in rural India

Background: Reaching a correct diagnosis is a challenge for physicians treating any of the 30% to 50% of pulmonary tuberculosis patients who have negative sputum cultures or who present with no sputum. Flexible bronchoscopy acquires special importance for these cases for whom empirical anti-tuberculosis therapy is the only option left. In our study we aimed to assess the diagnostic yield of flexible bronchoscopy in patients, suspected to have tuberculosis, whose sputum smears were negative. Methodology: In our hospital-based cross-sectional study, 42 patients were enrolled by consecutive sampling. Flexible bronchoscopy and selective bronchial washings were done in all patients. Results: Bronchoscopy lavage smears were positive for M. tuberculosis in 10 (23.8%) patients. Fifteen (35.7%) patients had positive culture. Conclusion: Flexible bronchoscopy has an important role in the diagnosis of patients suspected to have tuberculosis, whose sputum smears are negative or who can not produce sputum.

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Effect of psychiatric co-morbidity on adherence to anti tubercular treatment: a cross sectional study from North India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210821 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1325

Author(s):

Ravdeep Kaur ◽

Tarundeep Singh ◽

Shubh Mohan Singh ◽

Rajesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

North India ◽

Directly Observed Therapy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Short Course ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

Tuberculosis Therapy

Background: Study explores relationship between depressive disorder and adherence to DOTS (Directly Observed Therapy Short Course) and whether treatment of depressive disorder according to severity of depressive disorder should be an option to improve adherence to DOTS.Methods: Study included 182 newly diagnosed adult cases of tuberculosis who were on anti- tuberculosis therapy (ATT) as per program guidelines and were in third month under DOTS category I and category II therapy. Patients were screened for depressive and anxiety disorder using PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Modified ACTG baseline questionnaire was used to collect data about adherence and reasons for partial adherence.Results: Overall prevalence of depressive disorder amongst participants was found to be 37.9% and that of partial adherence (missed two or more than two doses) was 12.1%. Partial adherence was mostly seen in the first month, followed by third and second month of DOTS. Twenty- two percent patients with depressive disorder were partially adherent to ATT. Odds ratio suggests higher risk being partially adherent to ATT were greater in the participants who had depressive disorder.Conclusions: This study highlights the benefit of screening patients while diagnosing tuberculosis patients for depressive disorder, to improve disease outcome and reduce likelihood of MDR-TB.

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Oral anti-tuberculosis drugs: An urgent medication reconciliation at hospitals in Indonesia

Journal of Public Health Research ◽

10.4081/jphr.2021.1896 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Fauna Herawati ◽

Eka Yuliantini Fahmi ◽

Noer Aulia Pratiwi ◽

Dewi Ramdani ◽

Abdul Kadir Jaelani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Medication Reconciliation ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medication Discrepancies ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Medical Histories ◽

Tuberculosis Therapy ◽

Tertiary Care Hospitals

Background: Four oral anti-tuberculosis drugs are conceived to be the most effective ones to eradicate Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria and to obviate the resistant organisms. However, the patients' adherence and medication discrepancies are obstacles to achieving the goal. This study aimed to define the anti-tuberculosis drugs used in the hospitals and to detect the discrepancies in the continuity of the tuberculosis treatment.Design and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was based on medical records of adult patients, and was conducted in two district tertiary care hospitals. Only 35 out of 136 patient records from Hospital A and 33 out of 85 records from Hospital B met the inclusion criteria.Results: The most common systemic anti-infective drugs in the study were ceftriaxone (51.80 DDD/100 patient-days) used in Hospital A and isoniazid (59.53 DDD/100 patient-days) used in Hospital B. The number of rifampicin prescriptions was less than that of isoniazid. Each patient received an average of two DDD/100 patient-days, which is an under dosage for an effective treatment.Conclusion: This study showed a medication discrepancy of Tuberculosis therapy. Tuberculosis patients’ medical histories are not under the full attention of treating physicians wherever they are admitted. Thus, medication reconciliation is needed to accomplish the goal of a Tuberculosis-free world in 2050.

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Prevalence of hypoalbuminemia among tuberculosis patients receiving anti tuberculosis therapy: A cross sectional study

International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research ◽

10.33545/26174693.2019.v3.i2a.34 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 09-13

Author(s):

Harissh Ganesan ◽

Poonguzhali Gopinath

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Tuberculosis Therapy

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Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance to Isonicotinylhydrazide and Rifampicin in Culture Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients From 2014 to 2016 in Zahedan City, Iran

Hospital Practices and Research ◽

10.15171/hpr.2019.10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 57-61

Author(s):

Seyed Mohammad Hashemi Shahri ◽

Fatemeh Fardoust ◽

Shokoufeh Mogharabi Ostad Kalayeh ◽

Mohammad Ghenaatpisheh Sanani

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Positive Culture ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

The World ◽

Culture Positive

Background: One third of the world’s population is infected with TB, and the disease is known as the second deadly global infection, even more severe than measles. The disease kills about 2 million people a year. Approximately 8 million people in the world are affected by advanced tuberculosis (TB). Objective: The current study aimed to determine the frequency of resistance to the antibiotics isoniazid and rifampin in positive culture pulmonary TB patients in Zahedan city during 2013-2016. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study studied 100 samples from patients who referred to Boo-Ali hospital of Zahedan city from 2014 to 2016. First, the isoniazid solution was prepared, and then the rifampin solution was prepared. After that, 200 μL of mycobacterium suspension was added to the antibiotic and antibiotic-free control. Results: Of 100 patients participating in the study, 50 (50%) were male and 50 (50%) were female. Participants had an average age of 51.69 ± 20.41 years (95-12 years), 79 (79%) were Iranians and 21 (21%) were Afghans. Of the 100 samples, 55 (55%) were from the year 2013, 21 (21%) were from 2014, 10 (10%) were from 2015, and 14 (14%) were from year 2016. The samples examined showed that 4 (4%) were resistant and 96% were sensitive. Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that out of 100 samples, 4 cases (4%) had resistance and 96% were sensitive; 2% were resistant to isoniazid, and 2% were resistant to isoniazid and rifampin.

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Infectivity of healthcare workers diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) approximately 2 weeks after onset of symptoms: A cross-sectional study

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2020.1420 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Yves Longtin ◽

Hugues Charest ◽

Caroline Quach ◽

Patrice Savard ◽

Mariana Baz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Symptom Onset ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Positive Culture ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Viral Shedding ◽

Viral Culture ◽

Respiratory Coronavirus ◽

Respiratory Specimens

Abstract We performed viral culture of respiratory specimens in 118 severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–infected healthcare workers (HCWs), ∼2 weeks after symptom onset. Only 1 HCW (0.8%) had a positive culture. No factors for prolonged viral shedding were identified. Infectivity is resolved in nearly all HCWs ∼2 weeks after symptom onset.

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Sonographic Assessment of Renal Volume in Normotensive Pregnant Women and Women With Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension in Enugu Metropolis

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography ◽

10.1177/87564793211021094 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 875647932110210

Author(s):

Idigo Felicitas Ugochinyere ◽

Nwankwo Sylvia Chiamaka ◽

Abonyi Everistus Obinna ◽

Anakwue Angel-Mary Chukwunyelu ◽

Agbo Julius Amechi

Keyword(s):

Reference Range ◽

Interobserver Variability ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Renal Volume ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Induced Hypertension

Objective: Renal volume (RV) assessment during obstetric sonography is rarely considered in our locality. Understanding the changes in RV in both normotensive pregnant (NP) and pregnancy-induced hypertensive (PIH) women is important in making correct diagnosis regarding pregnancy outcome. This study is aimed at determining the RV in NP and PIH women and correlating RV with fetal gestational age (FGA), body mass index (BMI), and parity in NP women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 450 patients recruited at a Tertiary Hospital. A pilot study was done to determine the interobserver variability in RV measurement. RV was calculated using the following formula: L × W × AP × 0.523. Parity, BMI, and blood pressure were documented, while FGA was calculated as an average of FGAs obtained from the measurements of fetal biometric parameters. Results: Mean RV of PIH women was significantly higher than that of NP women ( P < .05). RV shows a positive significant relationship with BMI and FGA, while it shows a negative relationship with parity in NP ( P < .05). Conclusion: Reference range values of RV were generated for clinical use in our locality, while there is statistically significant difference between RV in NP and PIH women.

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Nonadherence to tuberculosis treatment and associated factors among patients using directly observed treatment short-course in north-west Nigeria: A cross-sectional study

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312121989497 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 205031212198949

Author(s):

Cylia Nkechi Iweama ◽

Olaoluwa Samson Agbaje ◽

Prince Christian Ifeanachor Umoke ◽

Chima Charles Igbokwe ◽

Eyuche Lawretta Ozoemena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medication Nonadherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

North West ◽

Short Course ◽

Directly Observed Treatment

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a public health problem in Nigeria. One of the most effective ways of controlling tuberculosis is the directly observed treatment short-course. However, some factors influence tuberculosis patients’ treatment nonadherence via directly observed treatment short-course. The study objective was to assess medication nonadherence and associated factors among tuberculosis patients in north-west Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled tuberculosis patients using directly observed treatment short-course in public health facilities in Kano and Kaduna States from January 2015 to June 2016. The sample selection was conducted via a multistage sampling procedure. Data were collected using tuberculosis patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics forms, well-validated structured instruments, and medical records. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Logistic and multivariable logistic regression analyses to determine factors of medication nonadherence ( P < 0.05) Results: Complete responses from 390 patients out of the 460 patients recruited for the study were used for data analyses. The mean age was 51.5 (standard deviation = ±13.8) years. The mean tuberculosis medication adherence questionnaire score was 4.35 ± 1.12. The prevalence of nonadherence to tuberculosis medication was 30.5%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that having a monthly income between #100,000 and #199, 000 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.01; 95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.13), being widowed (adjusted odds ratio = 26.74, 95% confidence interval: 2.92–232.9), being married (adjusted odds ratio = 120.49, 95% confidence interval: 5.38–271.1), having a distance <5 km to directly observed treatment short-course center from home (adjusted odds ratio = 0.06, 95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.01), having a tuberculosis/HIV co-infection (adjusted odds ratio = 0.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.12–0.35), use of antiretroviral treatment and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy medications (adjusted odds ratio = 24.9, 95% confidence interval: 19.6–304.3) were associated with tuberculosis medication nonadherence. Conclusion: Tuberculosis medication nonadherence was high among the patients. Thus, patient-specific adherence education, attenuation of potential factors for tuberculosis medication nonadherence, and continual resource support for tuberculosis patients are needed to improve treatment outcomes.

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Frequency and patterns of first- and second-line drug resistance-conferring mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a cross-sectional study in Tigray Region, Ethiopia

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

10.1016/j.jgar.2020.11.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 6-13

Author(s):

Letemichael Negash Welekidan ◽

Eystein Skjerve ◽

Tsehaye Asmelash Dejene ◽

Mengistu Welday Gebremichael ◽

Ola Brynildsrud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Second Line ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Tigray Region ◽

Line Drug

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Time to Positivity of Bacteria Cultures in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid: Evaluation of Different Laboratory Techniques

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.3747/pdi.2016.00174 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 342-344

Author(s):

Roberta M. Katzap ◽

Vany Elisa Pagnussatti ◽

Ana Elizabeth Figueiredo ◽

Julia Gabriela Motta ◽

Domingos O. d'Avila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Peritoneal Fluid ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Positive Culture ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

Patients with chronic kidney disease on peritoneal dialysis (PD) are susceptible to infections, with peritonitis being the primary cause of dropout. Peritoneal fluid culture is one of the essential elements for proper diagnosis and peritonitis treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the time required to obtain a positive culture using different laboratory methods. An in vitro cross-sectional study was conducted comparing different techniques for preparation and culture of bacteria in peritoneal fluid. The research was carried out with 21 sterile dialysis bags and 21 PD bags containing peritoneal fluid drained from patients without peritonitis. Fluids from the 42 PD bags were contaminated by injecting a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus suspension and then prepared for culture using 4 distinct techniques: A - direct culture; B - post-centrifugation culture; C - direct culture after 4 h sedimentation; and D - culture after 4 h sedimentation and centrifugation. This was followed by seeding. In the 21 contaminated sterile bags, mean times to obtain a positive culture with techniques D (19.6 h ± 2.6) and C (19.1 h ± 2.3) were longer than with technique A (15.8 h ± 3.0; p < 0.01), but not statistically different from group B (19.0 h ± 3.2). The same occurred in the 21 bags drained from patients, with mean times for techniques D (14.0 h ± 1.9) and C (14.5 h ± 1.7) being longer than technique A (12.22 h ± 1.94; p < 0.05) but not statistically different from technique B (13.2 h ± 1.3). The sedimentation and centrifugation steps seem to be unnecessary and may delay antibiotic sensitivity test results by approximately 8 hours.

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