scholarly journals Nonadherence to tuberculosis treatment and associated factors among patients using directly observed treatment short-course in north-west Nigeria: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212198949
Author(s):  
Cylia Nkechi Iweama ◽  
Olaoluwa Samson Agbaje ◽  
Prince Christian Ifeanachor Umoke ◽  
Chima Charles Igbokwe ◽  
Eyuche Lawretta Ozoemena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medication Nonadherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
North West ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a public health problem in Nigeria. One of the most effective ways of controlling tuberculosis is the directly observed treatment short-course. However, some factors influence tuberculosis patients’ treatment nonadherence via directly observed treatment short-course. The study objective was to assess medication nonadherence and associated factors among tuberculosis patients in north-west Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled tuberculosis patients using directly observed treatment short-course in public health facilities in Kano and Kaduna States from January 2015 to June 2016. The sample selection was conducted via a multistage sampling procedure. Data were collected using tuberculosis patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics forms, well-validated structured instruments, and medical records. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Logistic and multivariable logistic regression analyses to determine factors of medication nonadherence ( P < 0.05) Results: Complete responses from 390 patients out of the 460 patients recruited for the study were used for data analyses. The mean age was 51.5 (standard deviation = ±13.8) years. The mean tuberculosis medication adherence questionnaire score was 4.35 ± 1.12. The prevalence of nonadherence to tuberculosis medication was 30.5%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that having a monthly income between #100,000 and #199, 000 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.01; 95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.13), being widowed (adjusted odds ratio = 26.74, 95% confidence interval: 2.92–232.9), being married (adjusted odds ratio = 120.49, 95% confidence interval: 5.38–271.1), having a distance <5 km to directly observed treatment short-course center from home (adjusted odds ratio = 0.06, 95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.01), having a tuberculosis/HIV co-infection (adjusted odds ratio = 0.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.12–0.35), use of antiretroviral treatment and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy medications (adjusted odds ratio = 24.9, 95% confidence interval: 19.6–304.3) were associated with tuberculosis medication nonadherence. Conclusion: Tuberculosis medication nonadherence was high among the patients. Thus, patient-specific adherence education, attenuation of potential factors for tuberculosis medication nonadherence, and continual resource support for tuberculosis patients are needed to improve treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Factors associated with parental traditional medicine use for children in Fagita Lekoma Woreda Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212097800
Author(s):  
Damtew Asrat ◽  
Atsede Alle ◽  
Bekalu Kebede ◽  
Bekalu Dessie
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Over the last 100 years, the development and mass production of chemically synthesized drugs have revolutionized health care in most parts of the world. However, large sections of the population in developing countries still depend on traditional medicines for their primary health care needs. More than 88% of Ethiopian parents use different forms of traditional medicine for their children. Therefore, this study aimed to determine factors associated with parental traditional medicine use for children in Fagita Lekoma Woreda. Method: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 March 2019 in Fagita Lekoma Woreda. Data collection tool was a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to present the data. Odds ratio and binary and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to measure the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Results: Among 858 participants, 71% of parents had used traditional medicine for their children within the last 12 months. Parents who cannot read and write (adjusted odds ratio = 6.42, 95% confidence interval = 2.1–19.7), parents with low monthly income (adjusted odds ratio = 4.38, 95% confidence interval = 1.58–12.1), and those who had accesses to traditional medicine (adjusted odds ratio = 2.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.23–3.98) were more likely to use traditional medicine for their children. Urban residents (adjusted odds ratio = 0.20, 95% confidence interval = 0.11–0.38) and members of community-based health insurance (adjusted odds ratio = 0.421, 95% confidence interval = 0.211–0.84) were less likely to use traditional medicine for their children. Conclusions: Our study revealed that the prevalence of traditional medicine remains high. Educational status, monthly income, residence, accessibility to traditional medicine, and being a member of community-based health insurance were predictors of potential traditional medicine use. Therefore, the integration of traditional medicine with modern medicine should be strengthened. Community education and further study on efficacy and safety of traditional medicines should be also given great attention.

scholarly journals The association of gout with an increased risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among stroke survivors in New Zealand: A cross-sectional study using routinely collected electronic health data

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204800401986323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Eufemia D San Gabriel ◽  
Julia Slark
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Background There is a paucity of data relating to the association of gout with the occurrence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in patients with stroke. This study aimed to determine the association of gout with the risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in a cohort of stroke patients from Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among stroke survivors in South and East Auckland, New Zealand from the years 2010 to 2014. Electronic health record data were collected and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 23. Multivariate logistic regression modelling adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity was conducted to determine the association of gout with the risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in patients discharged with a diagnosis of stroke. Results The age-, gender-, and ethnicity-adjusted odds ratio for having hypertension and diabetes mellitus among stroke survivors with gout history were 3.25 (95% confidence interval 1.32–8.03) and 1.94 (95% confidence interval 1.12–3.36), respectively. Māori stroke survivors with gout history had the highest risk of having diabetes mellitus with age- and gender-adjusted odds ratio of 5.10 (95% confidence interval 1.90–18.93). Conclusion The findings from this study suggest gout may be independently associated with an increased risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in patients with stroke. Māori who are the indigenous population of New Zealand show a greater risk of diabetes mellitus associated with a gout diagnosis compared to other populations. This finding highlights the importance of the need for further research with Māori stroke survivors and other indigenous populations.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of tuberculosis patients attending directly observed treatment short course centre in urban Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1756
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Mohit Raghav ◽  
S. S. Chaudhary ◽  
Manisha .
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Background: Tuberculosis was the first infectious disease declared by the WHO as a global health emergency. Men are more commonly affected than women. The case notifications were higher in males than in females most countries. The objective of the study was to assess socio-demographic determinants of tuberculosis patients attending directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) centre in Urban Ghaziabad.Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study. The study was carried out in selected DOTS centres of district Ghaziabad. 850 study subjects age group more than 15 years were included.  Multistage sampling was done. Numbers and percentage were used. SPSS version 13 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Majority 41.17% of tuberculosis (TB) patients belonged to 15-25 years age group. 30.58% patients were in 26-35 years age group followed by 23.52% in 36-45 years age group and least 4.70% were in >45 years age group. Majority 54.1% of TB patients were females that compared to 45.9% were males. Among tuberculosis patients majority 58.82% were married as compared to 40% were unmarried and least 1.18% were widow. 75.29% tuberculosis patients were Hindus as compared to 22.35 were Muslims and least 2.35% were Sikh/Christian. Among tuberculosis patients majority 44.71% were from nuclear family. 31.76% had joint family and least 23.53% had 3rd generation family.Conclusions: It was concluded that socio-demographic determinants were low. It was recommended to raise socioeconomic standard of population, give health education to improve personal habit and stop TB transmission. 

scholarly journals Inappropriate use of antibiotics, its reasons and contributing factors among communities of Yirgalem town, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110424
Author(s):  
Azmach Dache ◽  
Aregahegn Dona ◽  
Amanuel Ejeso
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Regional State

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the inappropriate use of antibiotics, its reasons and contributing factors among communities of Yirgalem town, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted in Yirgalem town from 1 March to 30 March 2019. A cross-sectional study with interviewer administered structured and pretested questionnaire was used. A multistage sampling procedure was employed involving a total of 568 participants who used antibiotics in the past 1 year prior to the study period. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1, and then exported to statistical package for social science version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were done. p-value < 0.05 was used to consider significant variables. Results: The magnitude of inappropriate use of antibiotics was 37.9% (95% confidence interval (34.0, 41.5)). Main reason(s) for inappropriate use were long delays in health facility, cost-cutting and busy day’s program. Being employed (adjusted odds ratio = 3.45, 95% confidence interval (1.98, 6.02)), age 25–34 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.89, 95% confidence interval (1.43, 5.84)), being male (adjusted odds ratio = 1.90, 95% confidence interval (1.20, 3.02)), seeking modern healthcare in private clinic (adjusted odds ratio = 2.54, 95% confidence interval (1.20, 5.36)), delayed waiting time in healthcare facilities (adjusted odds ratio = 4.87, 95% confidence interval (2.17, 10.91)), experienced with similar symptom/disease (adjusted odds ratio = 3.02, 95% confidence interval (1.89, 4.83)) and family size above five (adjusted odds ratio = 8.92, 95% confidence interval (3.56, 22.38)) were predictors positively associated with inappropriate use of antibiotics. Conclusion: The magnitude of inappropriate antibiotics use was high. Attention should be given to community education through involvement of the private health sector and healthcare providers about rational use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of depression among diabetic outpatients attending diabetic clinic at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110662
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ebrahim ◽  
Dawit Tamiru ◽  
Behailu Hawulte ◽  
Tadesse Misgana
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Introduction: Depression is one of the most common comorbid psychiatric disorders among diabetic patients. Depression among diabetic people has led to poor treatment adherence, defective treatment outcomes, and consequently worsened quality of life. However, there is a limited study conducted to assess the magnitude and factors associated with depression among diabetic patients in Ethiopia including this study area. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with depression among adult diabetic outpatients attending diabetic clinic in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 adult diabetic outpatients on treatment in Ethiopia in 2020. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depression among randomly selected samples. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with depression among diabetic outpatients. A p value less than 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of depression among diabetic outpatients was found to be 48.9% (95% confidence interval: 44.2%, 53.4%). Being female (adjusted odds ratio = 1.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.39, 2.73), Khat chewing (adjusted odds ratio = 1.88, 95% confidence interval: 1.22, 2.93), having poor and moderate social support (adjusted odds ratio = 1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 2.98 and adjusted odds ratio = 1.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.14, 3.17, respectively), taking both oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin medication (adjusted odds ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.13, 2.80) and duration of diabetes mellitus for more than 6 years (adjusted odds ratio = 5.40, 95% confidence interval: 3.42, 8.14) were significantly associated with depression. Conclusion: This study revealed a relatively high prevalence of depression in diabetic outpatients. A lesser level of social support, taking oral and insulin treatment regimes, longer duration of illness, using Khat, and being female were associated with depression among diabetic outpatients. Therefore, early screening and identification of such factors could help ameliorate some of the deleterious effects of depression in diabetic outpatients.

scholarly journals Predictors of pregnant women’s intention to vaccinate against coronavirus disease 2019: A facility-based cross-sectional study in southwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110384
Author(s):  
Shewangizaw Hailemariam ◽  
Besufekad Mekonnen ◽  
Nigusie Shifera ◽  
Biruk Endalkachew ◽  
Molla Asnake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia

Objective: Ethiopia is planning to vaccinate 20% of its population against the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic by the end of 2021—however, there is no single piece of evidence regarding pregnant women’s intention to be vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019; hence, the objective of this study was to investigate predicting factors of intention to be vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 among pregnant women in Bench-Sheko Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study was undertaken from 1 February to 1 March 2021 in southwest Ethiopia. The study was carried out among pregnant women who came for antenatal care service in the selected public health facilities. Interviewer-administered structured tool was used to collect the data. Data were entered into EpiData (version 3.1) and then analyzed using SPSS (version 20). Results: The study revealed that only 31.3% (95% confidence interval: 26.7–35.2) of the participants had an intention to be vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 when the vaccine will be made available in Ethiopia. Participants’ intention to be vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 was significantly associated with attaining secondary school and above (adjusted odds ratio = 4.24, 95% confidence interval: 2.23–9.32), residing in urban areas (adjusted odds ratio = 2.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.22–5.40), being compliant with coronavirus disease 2019 guidelines (adjusted odds ratio = 5.86, 95% confidence interval: 3.40–10.09), and having good perception toward coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine (adjusted odds ratio = 3.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.64–5.62). Conclusion: Above all, in this study, pregnant women’s intention to vaccinate against coronavirus disease 2019 was very low when compared with previous studies. Hence, before commencing the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination program in Ethiopia, it is essential to launch a widespread public health education campaign that could improve people’s perception of the vaccine. Besides, the upcoming public health intervention programs better put special emphasis on community members with lower educational attainment backgrounds and rural residents.

scholarly journals Predictors of self-care activities of outpatient diabetic residents in Harar and Dire Dawa: A hospital-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211986564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behailu Hawulte Ayele ◽  
Melkamu Merid Mengesha ◽  
Tewodros Tesfa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dire Dawa

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of major public health importance due to its prevalence and potential health complication. The success of long-term maintenance therapy of diabetes patients depends largely on their ability to adherence to self-care practices. Africa’s most populous country, Ethiopia, has the highest burden of diabetes mellitus. However, studies on self-care activities of diabetic patients are limited. Therefore, this study measures the level of self-care activities of diabetic patients in a follow-up clinic of public hospitals in Harar and Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 randomly selected diabetic patients in Harar and Dire Dawa. A standard diabetic self-care activity interview tool was used to collect the data. Data were entered into Epi-data v 3.1 and STATA v 14.2 was used for analysis. Our outcome variable, self-care activities, has three ordered categories and a robust Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify predictors. All statistical tests with p-value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: The self-care activities of study participants were rated good for 38.1% (95% confidence interval: 32.94, 43.60). Being rural residents (adjusted odds ratio = 0.38, 95% confidence interval: 0.17, 0.82), attended secondary education (adjusted odds ratio = 2.96, 95% confidence interval: 1.51, 5.78), uncontrolled blood glucose (adjusted odds ratio = 1.68, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 2.79), and had diabetic complications (one, adjusted odds ratio = 1.91, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 3.38; two or more, adjusted odds ratio = 4.71, 95% confidence interval: 1.81, 12.25) were significantly associated with the better diabetes mellitus self-care activities. Conclusion: Significant number of diabetes mellitus patients living in rural areas did not adhere to diabetic self-care activities. This is more evident among participants who have limited or no formal education and patients with controlled blood glucose level. Therefore, individualized diabetic lifestyle education programs in follow-up clinics should target these population groups to improve self-care.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of occupational injuries in Ethiopian hotel industry in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212098527
Author(s):  
Roza Abune ◽  
Hailu Merga ◽  
Embialle Mengiste
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Occupational Injury ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: An occupational injury is a global health issue, and in hotel industries, little is known about it. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the epidemiology of occupational injuries in international brand hotels. Method: An institutional cross-sectional study was conducted among 330 workers using a systematic random sampling method. Using EpiData and SPSS, respectively, data were entered and analyzed. The final results were explained and presented with the adjusted odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval, and the results of the qualitative data were triangulated with quantitative data. Results: Of the 330 study participants, 125 (37.9%; 95% confidence interval (32.7%, 43.8%)) reported having sustained an occupational injury. The study showed those who had four or less family members (adjusted odds ratio: 0.484, 95% confidence interval (0.286, 0.818)), those who had low educational background (adjusted odds ratio: 1.466, 95% confidence interval (1.098, 1.959)), those who had 2 years or less work experience (adjusted odds ratio: 1.065, 95% confidence interval (1.023, 1.108)), those who were working in shifts (adjusted odds ratio: 2.559, 95% confidence interval (1.197, 5.474)), and those who had sleep disturbance (adjusted odds ratio: 1.797, 95% confidence interval (1.025, 3.151)) were factors significantly associated with occupational injury. Conclusion: The study found that the prevalence rate was very high. Among the variables included in the analysis, having four or less family sizes, low educational background, having work experience of 2 years or less, working in shifts, and having sleep disorders/problems were statistically significant. It is therefore recommended that health and safety training and reinforcement be provided to increase awareness and understand the risk factors at the workplace.

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