scholarly journals The Effect of Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Chayote fruit (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz) on the Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance of Male White Rat Model Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 962-969
Author(s):  
Jekson Martiar Siahaan ◽  
Syaffruddin Illyas ◽  
Dharma Lindarto ◽  
Marline Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Sechium Edule

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) causes insulin resistance and disordered insulin secretion. Pathomechanisms of T2D consist of dysfunctional pancreatic β-cell and insulin resistance caused by free radical (reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) that produced from the glucose metabolism pathway. Insulin resistance can be measured using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Oxidative stress can measure through the activities of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). AIM: This research aims to study the potential of chayote (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz) to be used as antihyperglycemic in T2D. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was conducted with a post-test randomized controlled group design. Eleven groups with four male rats each were used. Normal untreated rats were treated under ad libitum feeding and drinking condition. Meanwhile, the rat models were induced with the combination of 45 mg/kg b.w. streptozotocin, 110 mg/kg b.w. nicotinamide, 40.5 mg/kg b.w. metformin, high-fat diet, and/or chayote extract. The chayote extract was orally administered to the rat in the form of ethanol extract and/or ethyl acetate fraction, with three dosages of 45 mg/kg b.w., 100 mg/kg b.w., and 150 mg/kg b.w. for each extract type. The body weight, glucose level, insulin level, MDA, and SOD activities were measured. The HOMA-IR was used. RESULTS: The lowest body weight of the rat model in week 0 was 145 ± 25.31, founded in Group H that was treated with ethyl acetate fraction of chayote extract (45 mg/kg b.w.). The lowest blood sugar level in the group with 2 h glucose load was 112.5 ± 27.00 on average, found in Group G that was treated with chayote ethanolic extract (150 mg/kg b.w.). The highest SOD in the group treated with chayote extract was 1.27 ± 0.20, founded in Group H treated with ethyl acetate 45 mg/kg b.w. The lowest level of MDA was 0.86 ± 0.70 in Group H treated with ethyl acetate 45 mg/kg b.w. The lowest fasting blood sugar spectrophotometer level was 150.54 ± 17.24 mg/dl in Group K with metformin treatment, followed by 155.16 ± 31.92 mg/dl in Group K treated 45 mg/kg b.w. ethanol treatment. The highest insulin level was 6.14 ± 0.71, founded in Group F that was treated with chayote ethanolic extract 100 mg/kg b.w. The lowest measurement of HOMA-IR was 0.16 ± 0.80 in Group E treated with ethanol extract of chayote 45 mg/kg b.w. CONCLUSION: Ethanol extract and fractionation of chayote work as an antioxidant and anti-insulin resistance.

Effect of Chayote (Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz) Extract on Level of Interleukin-8 in Wistar Rats with Aspirin-Induced Gastritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrika Andriana Silitonga ◽  
◽  
Gontar Alamsyah Siregar ◽  
Rosita Juwita Sembiring ◽  
Marline Nainggolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sechium Edule

ABSTRACT Background: Recent studies showed that Interleukin-8 (IL-8), activated cytokine immune response which plays an important role in the development of acute and chronic gastritis. Harmless anti-inflammatory therapeutic alternatives have been proposed, for example, the consumption of Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz (chayote). Antioxidant (flavonoid) and cell regeneration (alkaloid) agents were found in chayote. This study aimed to determine the effect of chayote Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz extracts on the level of IL-8 in Wistar rats with aspirin- induced gastritis. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted at the laboratory of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatra Utara from January to February 2020. A total of 35 male Wistar rats was selected for this study and randomly allocated into 7 groups: (1) Negative control; (2) Positive control; (3) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract ; (4) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethanol extract; (5) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethyl acetate fraction; (6) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethyl acetate fraction; and (7) 20 mg omeprazole. The rats in positive control and treatment groups were induced with aspirin (200mg/ kg BW). The negative control group received no intervention. The dependent variable was level of IL-8 measured by ELISA. The independent variables were treatment status. The data were analyzed by One Way Anova and post hoc test. Results: The mean differences of IL-8 level were not statistically significant between study groups (p= 0.327). Mean of IL-8 level was higher in positive control group (Mean= 160.80; SD= 6.90) than in negative control group (Mean= 141.20; SD= 10.98). The lowest IL-8 level was in 100mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract group (Mean= 149.94; SD= 40.4), followed by 200mg/ kg BW (Mean= 152.4; SD= 30.73) and 100mg/ kg BW (Mean= 164.60; SD= 25.04) chayote ethyl acetate fraction groups, 20 mg omeprazole group (Mean= 170.60; SD= 21.58), and 200 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract group (Mean= 176.80; SD= 10.98). Conclusion: The low dose (100mg/ kg BW) chayote ethanol extract has the most potential antiinflammation effect on in vitro gastritis with the lowest IL-8 level of all doses of chayote ethanol extract, chayote ethyl acetate fraction, and omeprazole. Keywords: antiinflammation, IL-8, chayote ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, omeprazole, aspirin induced gastritis Correspondence: Hendrika Andriana Silitonga. Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281361430688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.35

scholarly journals Exposure to excess insulin (glargine) induces type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice fed on a chow diet

2014 ◽  
Vol 221 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Yang ◽  
Shuang Mei ◽  
Haihua Gu ◽  
Huailan Guo ◽  
Longying Zha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Liver And Pancreas

We have previously shown that insulin plays an important role in the nutrient-induced insulin resistance. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that chronic exposure to excess long-acting insulin (glargine) can cause typical type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in normal mice fed on a chow diet. C57BL/6 mice were treated with glargine once a day for 8 weeks, followed by evaluations of food intake, body weight, blood levels of glucose, insulin, lipids, and cytokines, insulin signaling, histology of pancreas, ectopic fat accumulation, oxidative stress level, and cholesterol content in mitochondria in tissues. Cholesterol content in mitochondria and its association with oxidative stress in cultured hepatocytes and β-cells were also examined. Results show that chronic exposure to glargine caused insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and relative insulin deficiency (T2DM). Treatment with excess glargine led to loss of pancreatic islets, ectopic fat accumulation in liver, oxidative stress in liver and pancreas, and increased cholesterol content in mitochondria of liver and pancreas. Prolonged exposure of cultured primary hepatocytes and HIT-TI5 β-cells to insulin induced oxidative stress in a cholesterol synthesis-dependent manner. Together, our results show that chronic exposure to excess insulin can induce typical T2DM in normal mice fed on a chow diet.

scholarly journals SKRINING AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI EKSTRAK ETANOL KERNEL BIJI BUAH LIMUS (Mangifera foetida Lour.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureusDAN Escherichia coli

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Nurviana
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Tetracycline Hcl

<p class="Default"><em>Limus (Mangifera foetida Lour.) Is one of the local Indonesian fruits of the anacardiaceae family. Limus contain secondary metabolites that have pharmacological effects, including the kernel waste of the seeds of the fruit. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli on the fraction of kernel seed of limus fruits ethanolic extract in invitro using solid diffusion method with positive control Tetracycline HCl. The extraction process was carried out by maceration method, then fractionation was obtained to obtain the fraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction. Based on the result of the research, the fraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of kernel ethanol extract limus fruit seed have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The highest activity was shown by fraction of ethyl acetate with minimum killing concentration (KBM) to Staphylococcus aureus was 5% with diameter equal to 4,33 ± 1.17 mm equal to 30,27 μg / mL Tetracycline HCl, and KBM value to Escherichia coli.4% (7.60 ± 0.14) mm equivalent to 26, 04 μg / mL Tetracycline HCl.<br /> <br /> <strong></strong></em></p><p class="Default"><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Kernel, M. foetida.</em></p>

scholarly journals Croton argenteus preparation inhibits initial growth, mitochondrial respiration and increase the oxidative stress from Senna occidentalis seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 753-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATLIN S. RECH ◽  
CRISTIANE B. SILVA ◽  
JULIANA D. KULIK ◽  
JOSIANE F.G. DIAS ◽  
SANDRA M.W. ZANIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase

Senna ocidentalis is a weed, native to Brazil, considered to infest crops and plantations, and is responsible for yield losses of several crops, particularly soybean. The aim of this work was to evaluate if theCroton argenteus extract and fractions possess phytotoxic activity on S. ocidentalis. The crude ethanolic extract (CEE) and its hexanic (HF), chloroformic (CLF) and ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions were tested in germination, growth, oxidative stress increase, Adenosine triphosphate, L-malate and succinate synthesis. The crude extract and its fractions slowed down the germination of S. ocidentalis and decreased the final percentage of germination. Oxidative stress was also increased in the seedlings, by an increase of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and lipid peroxidation; and it became clear that the ethyl acetate fraction was more phytotoxic. The results indicate that the crude extract and fractions of C. argenteus compromise the mitochondrial energy metabolism, by the inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production, with a decrease in the production of L-malate and succinate. The ethyl acetate fraction of C. argenteus showed high activity on germination and growth, and these effects take place by means of mitochondrial metabolism alterations and increase the oxidative stress, leading the seedling death.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ALFA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF RUELLIA TUBEROSA

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4A) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Dung Tien Le
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Folk Remedy

ABSTRACT-HCTN75Rullia tuberosa L. is a folk remedy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, anti inflammation and diuretic agent. However, its hypoglycemic activity has not been investigated so far. In the present study, the antidiabetic activity of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fraction of crude ethanolic extract of this plant were investigated. Our preliminary results showed that the crude ethanol extract as well as ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of Ruellia tuberosa showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 of 15.84, 4.73 and 8.27 µg/ml, respectively. From the ethyl acetate extract of whole plant of Rullia tuberosa, four compounds, including rutin (1), syringaresinol (2), catechin (3) and pulmatin (4) were isolated and identified by column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic method including MS, 1D and 2D- NMR and comparison with the literature values.

scholarly journals Designing a late-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus model with brain insulin resistance and oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Redondo-Castillejo ◽  
Marina Hernández-Martín ◽  
Luis García-García ◽  
Juana Benedí ◽  
Adrián Macho-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Brain Insulin ◽  
Brain Insulin Resistance ◽  
And Oxidative Stress
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