scholarly journals Impact of Social Distancing on COVID-19 and Other Related Infectious Disease Transmission: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 601-607
Author(s):  
Nor Rumaizah Mohd Nordin ◽  
Fadly Syah Arsad ◽  
Puteri Sofia Nadira Megat Kamaruddin ◽  
Muhammad Hilmi ◽  
Mohd Faizal Madrim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Impact

Background   Similar to other coronaviruses, COVID-19 is transmitted mainly by droplets and is highly transmissible through close proximity or physical contact with an infected person. Countries across the globe have implemented public health control measures to prevent onwards transmission and reduce burden on health care settings. Social or physical distancing was found to be one of appropriate measure based on previous experience with epidemic and pandemic contagious diseases. This study aims to review the latest evidence of the impact of social or physical distancing implemented during COVID-19 pandemic towards COVID-19 and other related infectious disease transmission.   Methodology   The study uses PRISMA review protocol and formulation of research question was based on PICO. The selected databases include Ovid MEDLINE and Scopus. Thorough identification, screening and eligibility process were done, revealed selected 8 articles. The articles then ranked in quality through MMAT.   Results   A total of eight papers included in this analysis. Five studies (USA, Canada, South Korea and the United Kingdom) showed physical distancing had resulted in a reduction in Covid-19 transmission. In comparison, three other studies (Australia, South Korea and Finland) showed a similar decline on other infectious diseases (Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), other sexually transmitted infections (STI), Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Vaccine-Preventive Disease (VPD). The degree of the distancing policy implemented differ between strict and lenient, with both result in effectiveness in reducing transmission of infectious disease.   Conclusion   Physical or social distancing may come in the form of extreme or lenient measure in effectively containing contagious disease like COVID-19, however the stricter the measure will give more proportionate impact towards the economy, education, mental health issues, morbidity and mortality of non-COVID-19 diseases. Since we need this measure to ensure the reduction of infectious diseases transmission in order to help flattening the curve which allow much needed time for healthcare system to prepare adequately to response, ‘Precision physical distancing” can be implemented which will have more benefit towards the survival of the community as a whole.

scholarly journals Fingerprint Biometric System Hygiene and the Risk of COVID-19 Transmission

10.2196/19623 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e19623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Okereafor ◽  
Iniobong Ekong ◽  
Ini Okon Markson ◽  
Kingsley Enwere
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Biometric System ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
Biometric Systems ◽  
Verification Systems

Biometric systems use scanners to verify the identity of human beings by measuring the patterns of their behavioral or physiological characteristics. Some biometric systems are contactless and do not require direct touch to perform these measurements; others, such as fingerprint verification systems, require the user to make direct physical contact with the scanner for a specified duration for the biometric pattern of the user to be properly read and measured. This may increase the possibility of contamination with harmful microbial pathogens or of cross-contamination of food and water by subsequent users. Physical contact also increases the likelihood of inoculation of harmful microbial pathogens into the respiratory tract, thereby triggering infectious diseases. In this viewpoint, we establish the likelihood of infectious disease transmission through touch-based fingerprint biometric devices and discuss control measures to curb the spread of infectious diseases, including COVID-19.

scholarly journals Fingerprint Biometric System Hygiene and the Risk of COVID-19 Transmission (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Okereafor ◽  
Iniobong Ekong ◽  
Ini Okon Markson ◽  
Kingsley Enwere
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Biometric System ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
Biometric Systems ◽  
Verification Systems

UNSTRUCTURED Biometric systems use scanners to verify the identity of human beings by measuring the patterns of their behavioral or physiological characteristics. Some biometric systems are contactless and do not require direct touch to perform these measurements; others, such as fingerprint verification systems, require the user to make direct physical contact with the scanner for a specified duration for the biometric pattern of the user to be properly read and measured. This may increase the possibility of contamination with harmful microbial pathogens or of cross-contamination of food and water by subsequent users. Physical contact also increases the likelihood of inoculation of harmful microbial pathogens into the respiratory tract, thereby triggering infectious diseases. In this viewpoint, we establish the likelihood of infectious disease transmission through touch-based fingerprint biometric devices and discuss control measures to curb the spread of infectious diseases, including COVID-19.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations and Immune Responses: Any Succor for COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeleye Adeshakin ◽  
Oluwamuyiwa Ayanshina ◽  
Lukman Afolabi ◽  
Funmilayo Adeshakin ◽  
Ganiyu Alli-Balogun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
The Impact

There is a global rise in the emergence of infectious diseases and the enigmatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) being the most recent one. It is ravaging the world with little understanding of its etiology and factors affecting its transmission dynamics. Meanwhile, seasonal variations in weather are major factors impacting infectious disease transmission patterns. Developing countries are likely to be most affected by weather changes, largely because of challenges such as inadequate drainage and sewage management systems, healthcare facilities, education, and funding to efficiently mitigate infectious diseases. In Nigeria, weather conditions alternate between rainy and dry seasons. Conditions such as rainfall, flood, and humidity have been reported to influence infectious disease transmission. Thus, understanding the impact of weather changes in transmission dynamics and immune response to COVID 19 will help in preventive measures and policy making to curtail its spread most especially in Nigeria as the rainy season fully sets in.

scholarly journals Place-based social contact and mixing: a typology of generic meeting places of relevance for infectious disease transmission

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (12) ◽  
pp. 2582-2593 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. STRÖMGREN ◽  
E. HOLM ◽  
Ö. DAHLSTRÖM ◽  
J. EKBERG ◽  
H. ERIKSSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

SUMMARYThis study aims to develop a typology of generic meeting places based on social contact and mixing of relevance for infectious disease transmission. Data were collected by means of a contact diary survey conducted on a representative sample of the Swedish population. The typology is derived from a cluster analysis accounting for four dimensions associated with transmission risk: visit propensity and its characteristics in terms of duration, number of other persons present and likelihood of physical contact. In the analysis, we also study demographic, socio-economic and geographical differences in the propensity of visiting meeting places. The typology identifies the family venue, the fixed activity site, the family vehicle, the trading plaza and the social network hub as generic meeting places. The meeting place typology represents a spatially explicit account of social contact and mixing relevant to infectious disease modelling, where the social context of the outbreak can be highlighted in light of the actual infectious disease.

Dampak Revolusi Mobilisasi Penduduk terhadap Persebaran Penyakit Menular di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Oktavia Beni Kujariningrum ◽  
Anisa Nur Cahyanti ◽  
Rofifatun Nisa ◽  
Farid Agushybana ◽  
Sri Winarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Population Spread ◽  
The Impact

Background: Increased population mobility has continued to occur over time, especially worker mobility consisting of commuter mobility and circular mobility. A person's mobility is very influential on the condition of health status, especially related to the spread of infectious diseases. Direct infectious disease is a disease with the transfer of germs through physical contact from a sick person or a carrier to a healthy person. Objectives: To analyze the impact of the population mobility revolution on the spread of infectious diseases in Indonesia. Research Metodes: The study was conducted by studying literature through collecting supporting articles and analyzing secondary data. The data used are direct infectious disease data consisting of Tuberculosis, HIV, Hepatitis and Leprosy from the Indonesian Health Profile, Main Results of Basic Health Research, and Statistics Data from the Central Statistics Agency, as well as previous research articles. Results: The trend of the mobility of movers experienced an increase in line with trends in communicable diseases such as Tuberculosis, HIV, and Hepatitis. High mobility affects the spread of infectious diseases Tuberculosis, Hepatitis and Leprosy seen from the factor of interaction with others, as well as the influence on HIV. The influence can be seen from Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) who transmit to their customers and the families of CSW customers who can transmit it to their wives. Conclusion: The increased mobility pattern of movers is accompanied by an increased pattern of direct infectious diseases including tuberculosis, HIV, and hepatitis.   Keywords: Mobility, Population, Spread, Infectious Diseases  

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