scholarly journals On the Instantaneous Polarographic Current. I. Automatic Recording of Selected Parts of the Current-Time Curve of the Individual Mercury Drop.

1956 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 935-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Wåhlin ◽  
Åke Bresle ◽  
John G. Ormerod ◽  
Einar Stenhagen ◽  
B. Thorell
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Recording ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Current Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Polarographic Current

scholarly journals Effects of food and sucralfate on a single oral dose of 500 milligrams of levofloxacin in healthy subjects.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2196-2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
L J Lee ◽  
B Hafkin ◽  
I D Lee ◽  
J Hoh ◽  
R Dix
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Profiles ◽  
Fat Meal

The effects of food and sucralfate on the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin following the administration of a single 500-mg oral dose were investigated in a randomized, three-way crossover study with young healthy subjects (12 males and 12 females). Levofloxacin was administered under three conditions: fasting, fed (immediately after a standardized high-fat breakfast), and fasting with sucralfate given 2 h following the administration of levofloxacin. The concentrations of levofloxacin in plasma and urine were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. By noncompartmental methods, the maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax), the time to Cmax (Tmax), the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), half-life (t1/2), clearance (CL/F), renal clearance (CLR), and cumulative amount of levofloxacin in urine (Ae) were estimated. The individual profiles of the drug concentration in plasma showed little difference among the three treatments. The only consistent effect of the coadministration of levofloxacin with a high-fat meal for most subjects was that levofloxacin absorption was delayed and Cmax was slightly reduced (Tmax, 1.0 and 2.0 h for fasting and fed conditions, respectively [P = 0.002]; Cmax, 5.9 +/- 1.3 and 5.1 +/- 0.9 microg/ml [90% confidence interval = 0.79 to 0.94] for fasting and fed conditions, respectively). Sucralfate, which was administered 2 h after the administration of levofloxacin, appeared to have no effect on levofloxacin's disposition compared with that under the fasting condition. Mean values of Cmax and AUC from time zero to infinity were 6.7 +/- 3.2 microg/ml and 47.9 +/- 8.4 microg x h/ml, respectively, following the administration of sucralfate compared to values of 5.9 +/- 1.3 microg/ml and 50.5 +/- 8.1 microg x h/ml, respectively, under fasting conditions. The mean t1/2, CL/F, CLR, and Ae values were similar among all three treatment groups. In conclusion, the absorption of levofloxacin was slightly delayed by food, although the overall bioavailability of levofloxacin following a high-fat meal was not altered. Finally, sucralfate did not alter the disposition of levofloxacin when sucralfate was given 2 h after the administration of the antibacterial agent, thus preventing a potential drug-drug interaction.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationship of Arbekacin for Treatment of Patients Infected with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 3763-3769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiko Sato ◽  
Yusuke Tanigawara ◽  
Mitsuo Kaku ◽  
Naoki Aikawa ◽  
Kihachiro Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Efficacy Analysis ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Arbekacin is widely used in Japan for the treatment of patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this study, we have determined the optimal concentration targets of arbekacin for both efficacy and safety. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis was performed to relate exposure to the drug and clinical cure/improvement or nephrotoxicity. Since we have reported the population pharmacokinetic parameters for arbekacin in the preceding paper (Y. Tanigawara, R. Sato, K. Morita, M. Kaku, N. Aikawa, and K. Shimizu, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:3754-3762, 2006), individual exposure parameters, such as area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), peak concentration (C max), AUC/MIC, C max/MIC, and trough concentration (C min) were estimated by the Bayesian method. Logistic regression was used to describe the relationship between exposure to the drug and the probability of clinical cure/improvement or nephrotoxicity. For the clinical efficacy analysis, 174 patients confirmed to have an MRSA infection were evaluated. The C max, C min, and AUC of arbekacin were associated with the probability of clinical cure/improvement during monotherapy. It was shown that the probability of cure/improvement rose when the C max of arbekacin was increased, with an odds ratio of 6.7 for a change in C max from 7.9 to 12.5 μg/ml (P = 0.037). For the nephrotoxic risk analysis, 333 patients were included, regardless of whether a pathogen was identified. Logistic regression analysis revealed C min and AUC as risk factors of nephrotoxicity (P < 0.005). The estimated probabilities of arbekacin-induced nephrotoxicity were 2.5, 5.2, and 13.1% when the C min values were 1, 2, and 5 μg/ml, respectively. The present findings are useful for optimizing the individual dose of arbekacin for the treatment of MRSA-infected patients.

scholarly journals Non-enzymatic sensor for determination of glucose based on PtNi nanoparticles decorated graphene

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risheng Li ◽  
Xu Deng ◽  
Longfei Xia
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Glass Carbon ◽  
Graphene Glass ◽  
Ptni Alloy

Abstract Diabetes has become a universal epidemic in recent years. Herein, the monitoring of glucose in blood is of importance in clinical applications. In this work, PtNi alloy nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed on graphene (PtNi alloy-graphene) was synthesized as a highly effective electrode material for glucose detection. Based on the modified PtNi alloy-graphene/glass carbon (PtNi alloy-graphene/GC) electrode, it is found that the PtNi alloy-graphene/GC electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance on glucose oxidation. Furthermore, the results from amperometric current–time curve show a good linear range of 0.5–15 mM with the limit of detection of 16 uM (S/N = 3) and a high sensitivity of 24.03 uAmM−1 cm−2. On account of the good selectivity and durability, the modified electrode was successfully applied on glucose detection in blood serum samples.

Studies in polymerization - XX. On free-radical formation by oxidation of molybdenum carbonyl with carbon tetrahalides: carbon tetrachloride

1972 ◽  
Vol 326 (1567) ◽  
pp. 431-451 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Radical Formation ◽  
Secondary Oxidation ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Molybdenum Carbonyl ◽  
The Individual

The interaction of molybdenum carbonyl and carbon tetrachloride in a suitable medium gives rise to paramagnetic molybdenum products which can be studied by electron spin resonance (e. s. r.) spectroscopy. Most of the observations described in this paper have been made with ethyl acetate at 80 °C as solvent; in many respects methyl methacrylate gives similar results, but the rapid increase in viscosity accompanying polymerization limits investigation to short reaction times. E. s. r. spectra are consistent with the formation of Mo v species with one unpaired spin per Mo atom as the final oxidation state. Mo I and Mo III derivatives are not stable in the presence of carbon tetrachloride, but are rapidly oxidized to Mo v compounds. Kinetic investigations show that the signal-intensity versus reaction-time curve is sigmoid, the initial rate of growth of the signal being much lower than the rate of free-radical generation. It is concluded that there are at least two rate-determining processes in the reaction, the first being displacement of a CO ligand by solvent and the second the oxidation of an intermediate Mo species to a Mo v derivative. The first rate-determining reaction is followed rapidly by primary oxidation, producing one radical per Mo(CO) 6 consumed; this is essentially the only radical-generating step observed at short reaction times. The secondary oxidation, leading to Mo v , yields two radicals. Clearly some of the individual oxidation steps occur without radical formation; suggestions about the nature of the secondary oxidations are advanced. Measurements of carbon monoxide evolution indicate that all the CO ligands are ultimately released, and lead to the tentative conclusion that, in ethyl acetate, evolution of 5 molecules of CO per Mo(CO) 6 consumed accompanies formation of the primary radical. In methyl methacrylate CO evolution is slower, with a greater contribution from processes involved in secondary oxidation. The paramagnetic products of the reaction decompose to a diamagnetic black solid containing Mo IV on removal of volatile materials.

The Charge-Discharge Properties of the Non-Linear Dielectric Capacitor

2013 ◽  
Vol 547 ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xi Yan ◽  
Yu Jun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Discharge Current ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramics ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Charge Voltage ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Electric Field Increase ◽  
Load Discharge ◽  
Charge Discharge

The Charge-discharge Properties of Two Different Non-liner Dielectric Capacitors which Were Made by the La-modified PZST Anti-ferroelectric Ceramics (AFE) Capacitors Were Investigated by Measuring the Hysteresis Loops, None-load Discharge Current-time Curves under Different Charge Voltage, and with 100ohm Discharge Current-time Curve. through Compared these Properties with the Liner Capacitors, it Is Evidence to Summarize the No-liner Properties of the AFE Ceramics. it Was Found that, the AFE Capacitors Imax Is Increasing in No-linear with the Charge Electric Field Increase, but to the Linear Capacitor, the Imax-E Curves is a Beeline. and the AFE Imax-E Curve is Similar to the P-E Curve, and this Paper Explained these.

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