scholarly journals Long-term trends in carabids over 25 years – community and population level analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Drees ◽  
Estève Boutaud ◽  
Katharina Homburg ◽  
Dorothea Nolte ◽  
Wiebke Schuett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insect Decline ◽  
Term Data

In times of insect decline, long-term data become more and more important. Such data allow insights into long-term trends and an analysis of possible drivers underlying temporal changes of community and population structure. Using data from 25 years of continuous ground beetle trapping in an ancient woodland located in a large nature reserve in Northern Germany, we analysed temporal changes at both community and population level and identified potential underlying drivers. Ground beetle species significantly declined over time but biomass and number of trapped individuals remained constant. As the habitat was kept stable und unchanged in the last 25 years we also study the influence of external drivers such as climatic variables on phenology and population trends of the most-abundant species. We discuss our results in light of the ongoing insect decline and climate change.

scholarly journals Long-term trends of air pollutant concentrations in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00027
Author(s):  
Szymon Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Air Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Term Data

The assessment of changes in air pollution quality for 4 selected sites in Southern and Central Poland was presented in this paper. The evaluation was based on the sets of long-term data, recorded by the state air monitoring network. Concentrations of O3, PM10, SO2, NOx, and CO, were considered. The basis for the calculations were 12-year time series of hourly concentrations. Using the hourly data, the monthly averages were calculated to illustrate seasonal changes of pollutant concentrations. Linear trends were adjusted to the concentration courses with the least squares method. Long-time trends were calculated for each pollutant separately. Based on the analysis of the trend lines slopes, risks those may arise in the future were identified.

scholarly journals Long-term trends in pH in Japanese coastal waters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Ishizu ◽  
Yasumasa Miyazawa ◽  
Tomohiko Tsunoda ◽  
Tsuneo Ono
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Carbon ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Term Data

Abstract. In recent decades, acidification of the open ocean has shown consistent increases. However, analysis of long-term data in coastal waters shows that the pH is highly variable because of coastal processes and anthropogenic carbon inputs. It is therefore important to understand how anthropogenic carbon inputs and other natural or anthropogenic factors influence the temporal trends in pH in coastal waters. Using water quality data collected at 1481 monitoring sites as part of the Water Pollution Control Program, we determined the long-term trends in pH in Japanese coastal waters at ambient temperature from 1978 to 2009. We found that pH decreased (i.e., acidification) at between 70 % and 75 % of the sites and increased (i.e., basification) at between 25 % and 30 % of the sites. The rate of decrease varied seasonally and was, on average, −0.0014 yr−1 in summer and −0.0024 yr−1 in winter, but with relatively large deviations from these average values. While the overall trends reflect acidification, watershed processes might also have contributed to the large variations in pH in coastal waters. The seasonal variation in the average pH trends reflects variability in warming trends, while regional differences in pH trends are partly related to heterotrophic water processes induced by nutrient loadings.

Trends in rainfall intensity for stormwater designs in Ontario

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vasiljevic ◽  
E. McBean ◽  
B. Gharabaghi
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sewer Pipes ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Storm Sewer

The intensities of short-duration rainfall events are fundamental inputs to the design of stormwater management infrastructure. However, since stormwater infrastructure must function as designed for many decades, if there are long-term trends in rainfall intensities, design storms need to be modified. Evidence demonstrates, using data from 13 rain gauges in Ontario, that storm intensities relevant to urban stormwater (5 year) appear to have changed over the last 30 years. The results show, for example, statistical significance at 80% confidence that the 5-year storm has increased, and 85% that the 2-year storm has increased, for the 1 h storm in Waterloo, using partial duration series (PDS) data. The PDS data indicate intensities are increasing at a rate of 1–3% per year. Results show, for example, that a 5-year recurrence storm for PDS for the period 1970–1984 is now very close in magnitude to a 2-year recurrence storm for the period 1985–2003 for Waterloo, Ontario. The implications for a case study demonstrate that 5 out of 12 storm sewer pipes in a subdivision would need to be increased in diameter to obtain the same level of stormwater performance.

Group versus population level demographics: An analysis of comparability using long term data on wild white‐faced capuchin monkeys ( Cebus capucinus imitator )

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Hogan ◽  
Katharine M. Jack ◽  
Fernando A. Campos ◽  
Urs Kalbitzer ◽  
Linda M. Fedigan
Keyword(s):  
Group Versus ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cebus Capucinus ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys ◽  
Term Data

Time Trends in Social Class Mortality Differentials in the Netherlands, 1820–1920

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-153
Author(s):  
Frans van Poppel ◽  
Roel Jennissen ◽  
Kees Mandemakers
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Theoretical Issue ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Using Data

The question whether socioeconomic status gradients in adult mortality have changed over a broad historical period has become an important political and theoretical issue but is hard to test. In this article we study long-term trends in social inequality in adult mortality by using data for 2 (of the 11) provinces of the Netherlands for the period 1812–1922. We apply indirect estimation techniques, which have been developed for the analysis of mortality patterns in countries with deficient data. Our article shows that indeed there was a clear social class gradient in mortality, with the elite having higher survival chances between ages 35 and 55 than the middle class and farmers. Differences were even more apparent in comparison with workers. Over time there was a strong convergence among social classes in mortality levels. The implications of our results for the dominant views on the change in living standards in the past are discussed.

scholarly journals The pace of plant community change is accelerating in remnant prairies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e1500975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy O. Alstad ◽  
Ellen I. Damschen ◽  
Thomas J. Givnish ◽  
John A. Harrington ◽  
Mark K. Leach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Historical Samples

Patterns of biodiversity are changing rapidly. “Legacy studies” use historical data to document changes between past and present communities, revealing long-term trends that can often be linked to particular drivers of ecological change. However, a single pair of historical samples cannot ascertain whether rates of change are consistent or whether the impact and identity of drivers have shifted. Using data from a second resurvey of 47 Wisconsin prairie remnants, we show that the pace of community change has increased with shifts in the strength of particular drivers. Annual rates of local colonization and extinction accelerated by 129 and 214%, respectively, between 1950 and 1987 and between 1987 and 2012. Two anthropogenic drivers—patch area and fire history—increased in importance between these periods. As the strength and number of anthropogenic forces increase, rates of biodiversity change are likely to accelerate in other ecosystems as well.

scholarly journals Nest-site preference of Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus) in Herzegovina

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Marinkovic ◽  
Ljiljana Orlandic ◽  
S.B. Skoric ◽  
B.D. Karadzic
Keyword(s):  
Nest Site ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
Griffon Vulture ◽  
Gyps Fulvus ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Using Data

Although formerly an abundant species, the Eurasian Griffon (Gyps fulvus Hablizl, 1783) has undergone a dramatic decline in Herzegovina. Such an unfavorable trend may be associated with frequent poisoning incidents (consumption of poisoned baits), shortage of food and hunting. This species disappeared from its breeding habitats in Herzegovina during the last decade of the 20th century. The extinction was probably caused by military activities during the civil war. Using data that were collected over a period of long-term (1980-1991) monitoring of the breeding population, we discovered optimal environmental conditions for the nesting of the Eurasian Griffon Vulture in Herzegovina. Information on nest-site preference is valuable for conservation programs and the possible reintroduction of the Eurasian Griffon, not only in Herzegovina, but also to a much wider region. During the study period, we observed 61 nests and 252 nesting cases in four colonies of Eurasian Griffon Vulture. Most nests were located on limestone and dolomite rocks. The average altitude of nests was 378 m a.s.l.; most of nests (85%) were located below 500 m a.s.l. Also, the majority of nests were located on west-exposed sites.

scholarly journals Latitudinal variation of <I>fo</I>F2 hysteresis of solar cycles 20, 21 and 22 and its application to the analysis of long-term trends

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1269-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ortiz de Adler ◽  
A. G. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Term Data

Abstract. Noon foF2 monthly median values for equinoctial months of solar cycles 20, 21 and 22, were analyzed for 37 worldwide stations. For each solar cycle and for a given Rz, the difference between foF2 in the falling branch of the cycle and the corresponding value of the rising branch is evaluated. The maximum difference, considered as the hysteresis magnitude, varies systematically with geomagnetic latitude. The pattern is similar for every cycle, with greater hysteresis magnitudes for stronger solar cycles. It is positive between 45° S and 45° N, with minimum values at equatorial latitudes and maximum at around 25°–30° on either side of the equator. For latitudes greater than 50° negative values are observed. At around 25°–30° and at high latitudes the hysteresis magnitude reaches 2 MHz for solar cycle with high activity levels, which represents around 20% of foF2. The effects of foF2 hysteresis on the analysis of long-term data sequences is analyzed. In the case of long-term trend analysis, the hysteresis behavior may induce spurious trends as a consequence of the filtering processes applied to foF2 time series previous to trend values estimation. This problem may be solved by considering time series covering several solar cycles.

scholarly journals Long-term trends in production and composition of ryegrass-white clover pasture intensively grazed by dairy-beef cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
G.P. Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Pasture Yield

A measure of pasture persistence is stability of yield and proportion of desirable species over a long period. Long-term data on animal production and pasture yield and composition of old permanent pasture in the Manawatu were examined for trends indicative of persistence. The data were collected from two sets of replicated 1.6-ha farmlets intensively grazed by dairybeef bulls stocked at 7.4 yearlings wintered/ha for 16 of 18 years from 1969-1986, and 11 years from 1978 and 1988, respectively. Annual total LWG, total yield of DM and the yields of ryegrass, white clover and other species showed year-to-year variation. There was no long-term decline in production indicating that for this environment and management system ryegrass and white clover were inherently persistent under intensive grazing at high stocking rates. These results are discussed in the context of anecdotal reports of poor persistence of modern cultivars, with particular emphasis on the effects that high stocking rates, intensive utilisation and defoliation management may have on persistence. Keywords: cattle, grazing, pasture, persistence, ryegrass, white clover

scholarly journals A standardized European trapping protocol – perspectives for long-term studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Assmann ◽  
Estève Boutaud ◽  
Claudia Drees ◽  
Pascale Zumstein
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Trapping Method ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
Insect Decline ◽  
And Function ◽  
Long Term Studies

Pitfall traps have a long tradition in carabidology and have been used for more than a century (e.g. over a century ago by Reitter). However, different trap designs were and are often used (e.g. preservative liquids, trap diameters, with or without roof). The resulting lack of comparability undermines the suitability of the catches, as for many modern ecological and conservation biological questions, the compilation of data across large geographical scales is important. This applies in particular to long-term studies, which are currently debated in Central Europe to mitigate insect decline. Therefore, standardization of the trapping protocol is urgently needed. Here we propose a trapping method protocol based on the protocols for long-term research in North America and Great Britain. In an open discussion the design and further research approaches have been debated with the participants of the 19th ECM in Rennes. A pilot study using two trap diameters and two preservation fluids allowed us to test the suitability of the new trap design. The aim of this contribution is the standardization of the trapping protocol and to stimulate discussions about joint projects which help us to understand and conserve the structure and function of ground beetle communities in Europe.

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