scholarly journals Carabid beetles in Short Rotation Coppices (SRC): Comparing the importance of stand age versus plantation age for forest species through a meta study from Central Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Müller-Kroehling ◽  
Georg Hohmann ◽  
Johannes Burmeister ◽  
Christiane Helbig ◽  
Mirko Liesebach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Habitat Corridors ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Establishment Phase

Because of their monoculture and even-aged plantation character, often highly mechanized harvesting methods and very short rotation cycles for a woody plant crop, the functions of short rotation coppices (SRC) with regard to biodiversity are often thought to be limited. The surprisingly large number studies conducted yielded varying, in some aspects inconclusive results. Most studies and reviews conducted so far concluded that only SRC in the establishment phase after planting are of particular value for biodiversity and nature conservation. In order to achieve a better understanding of biodiversity functions of SRC with the potential to be generalized, we conducted a meta study combining existing ground beetle data from 14 projects with a total of 73 plots from SRC in West Central Europe (Germany) and Czechia. The results show that SRC not only have benefits for biodiversity by providing endangered pioneer species an ephemeral pioneer habitat (particularly during the establishment phase of the SRC), but also do so at the fringes like their edges and in clearings where trees failed to properly establish. A second function for biodiversity conservation is that of providing strict forest species of limited dispersal ability with habitat corridors, which is the case particularly in older, long-existing SRC. The age of the plantation is much more important for this funtion than the length of the rotation intervals. The two conservation benefits which SRC can have are completely different, but can complement each other. In multifunctional landscapes which aim to maintain open field biodiversity and cultivate forest biodiversity at the same time, a stronger consideration of SRC need not be a threat but can be a valuable ingredient in the land use mix.

scholarly journals Relicts from Glacial Times: The Ground Beetle Pterostichus adstrictus Eschscholtz, 1823 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Austrian Alps

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Paill ◽  
Stephan Koblmüller ◽  
Thomas Friess ◽  
Barbara-Amina Gereben-Krenn ◽  
Christian Mairhuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Austrian Alps ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Limited Dispersal

The last ice age considerably influenced distribution patterns of extant species of plants and animals, with some of them now inhabiting disjunct areas in the subarctic/arctic and alpine regions. This arctic-alpine distribution is characteristic for many cold-adapted species with a limited dispersal ability and can be found in many invertebrate taxa, including ground beetles. The ground beetle Pterostichus adstrictus Eschscholtz, 1823 of the subgenus Bothriopterus was previously known to have a holarctic-circumpolar distribution, in Europe reaching its southern borders in Wales and southern Scandinavia. Here, we report the first findings of this species from the Austrian Ötztal Alps, representing also the southernmost edge of its currently known distribution, confirmed by the comparison of morphological characters to other Bothriopterus species and DNA barcoding data. Molecular data revealed a separation of the Austrian and Finish specimens with limited to no gene flow at all. Furthermore, we present the first data on habitat preference and seasonality of P. adstrictus in the Austrian Alps.

scholarly journals Succession of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) communities after windthrow disturbance in a montane Norway spruce forest in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. (Czech Republic)

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Kašák ◽  
Jiří Foit ◽  
Marek Hučín
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Intensively Managed

Abstract Wind disturbances are a key factor that is significantly involved in the life cycle of natural boreomontane coniferous forests. As most of these forests are currently intensively managed, we have limited knowledge on succession following natural disturbance. Succession in a Norway spruce stand after a windthrow event was studied using ground beetles as model bioindication taxa in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. (Czech Republic). The study documented that the composition of ground beetle communities was significantly associated with stand age and its microclimatic parameters (particularly the minimal temperature and average and minimal humidity). Forest species including prey specialists, hygrophilous species, as well as habitat generalists were the most abundant in the mature stand, where the forest had the highest humidity and the least profound minimal temperatures. In contrast, open-habitat species, including euryoecious species and relict species of higher elevations, reached their highest abundances in clearing shortly after the windthrow. In clearing the humidity was lower and the temperature fluctuated significantly (the lowest minimal temperatures). Ground beetles, including forest species, were the least abundant in young stands (10 and 20 years after windthrow). We conclude that old stands are of particular importance because they harbour the highest abundance and diversity of ground beetles with various ecological requirements. Natural wind disturbances are important as well since they increase diversity by enabling the occurrence of many non-forest species. Hence, a mosaic of stands of different ages with a sufficient proportion of old stands should be maintained when managing montane coniferous forests.

An unexpected new record of the Mediterranean orchid, Ophrys bertolonii (Orchidaceae) in Central Europe

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Molnár V ◽  
András Máté ◽  
Gábor Sramkó
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
New Record ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Permanent Establishment ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Northward Expansion ◽  
Mediterranean Plant

AbstractOne flowering specimen of Ophrys bertolonii (s. str.) — a plant with a Circum-Adriatic distribution and hitherto unknown in other regions — was found on 7th May 2010 in the vicinity of Kunadacs (Central Hungary; N 47°00′ E 19°17′). The nearest known populations of this Mediterranean plant inhabit the Adriatic coast (ca. 450 km away) in Croatia, therefore this new occurrence represents a significant long distance dispersal event. The circumstances of the occurrence argue against introduction, but we can not decide now whether this new appearance is temporary or permanent. The permanent establishment of this strictly entomophilous plant requires the presence of its specific pollinator in the close neighbourhood of the habitat. However, no pollination was observed on the three flowers of the plant until 9th May, and one day later the stem had disappeared most likely due to grazing. Whatever the long-term fate of the plant is, this discovery represents a significant long distance (jump) dispersal event, and testifies to the dispersal ability of Ophrys species. Additionally, the appearance of a mature Adriatic plant in Central Europe fits well into the currently observed, climate change driven northward expansion of European orchids, therefore this finding most likely reflects a growing Mediterranean-like climatic influence in the region.

scholarly journals Persistence of the ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) microbiome to diet manipulation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0241529
Author(s):  
Anita Silver ◽  
Sean Perez ◽  
Melanie Gee ◽  
Bethany Xu ◽  
Shreeya Garg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Pygidial Gland ◽  
Defensive Compounds ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
16S Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Host Diet

Host-associated microbiomes can play important roles in the ecology and evolution of their insect hosts, but bacterial diversity in many insect groups remains poorly understood. Here we examine the relationship between host environment, host traits, and microbial diversity in three species in the ground beetle family (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a group of roughly 40,000 species that synthesize a wide diversity of defensive compounds. This study used 16S amplicon sequencing to profile three species that are phylogenetically distantly related, trophically distinct, and whose defensive chemical secretions differ: Anisodactylus similis LeConte, 1851, Pterostichus serripes (LeConte, 1875), and Brachinus elongatulus Chaudoir, 1876. Wild-caught beetles were compared to individuals maintained in the lab for two weeks on carnivorous, herbivorous, or starvation diets (n = 3 beetles for each species-diet combination). Metagenomic samples from two highly active tissue types—guts, and pygidial gland secretory cells (which produce defensive compounds)—were processed and sequenced separately from those of the remaining body. Bacterial composition and diversity of these ground beetles were largely resilient to controlled changes to host diet. Different tissues within the same beetle harbor unique microbial communities, and secretory cells in particular were remarkably similar across species. We also found that these three carabid species have patterns of microbial diversity similar to those previously found in carabid beetles. These results provide a baseline for future studies of the role of microbes in the diversification of carabids.

scholarly journals The role of dispersal for shaping phylogeographical structure of flightless beetles from the Andes

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia I. Muñoz-Tobar ◽  
Michael S. Caterino
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Population Isolation ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Maximum Entropy Models ◽  
The Andes

Background Páramo is a tropical alpine ecosystem present in the northern Andes. Its patchy distribution imposes limits and barriers to specialist inhabitants. We aim to assess the effects of this habitat distribution on divergence across two independently flightless ground beetle lineages, in the genera Dyscolus and Dercylus. Methods One nuclear and one mitochondrial gene from 110 individuals from 10 sites across the two lineages were sequenced and analyzed using a combination of phylogenetics, population genetic analyses, and niche modeling methods. Results The two lineages show different degrees of population subdivision. Low levels of gene flow were found in Dyscolus alpinus, where one dominant haplotype is found in four out of the six populations analyzed for both molecular markers. However, complete population isolation was revealed in species of the genus Dercylus, where high levels of differentiation exist at species and population level for both genes. Maximum entropy models of species in the Dercylus lineage show overlapping distributions. Still, species distributions appear to be restricted to small areas across the Andes. Conclusion Even though both beetle lineages are flightless, the dispersal ability of each beetle lineage appears to influence the genetic diversity across fragmented páramo populations, where Dyscolus alpinus appears to be a better disperser than species in the genus Dercylus.

Colonization of depopulated crinoids by symbionts: who comes from the bottom and who from the water column?

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 1607-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Mekhova ◽  
P.Y. Dgebuadze ◽  
V.N. Mikheev ◽  
T.A. Britayev
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sandy Substrate ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

Previous experiments with the comatulid Himerometra robustipinna (Carpenter, 1881) demonstrated intensive host-to-host migration processes for almost all symbiotic species both within host aggregations and among hosts separated by several metres. The aim of this study was to check the ability of symbionts to complete long-distance migrations, by means of two in situ experiments which depopulated the crinoid host. Two different sets of field experiments were set up: exposure of depopulated crinoids (set 1) on stony ‘islands’ isolated from native crinoid assemblages by sandy substrate, and (set 2) in cages suspended in the water column. Hosts from set 1 were exposed for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks to assess whether substrate has an influence on the symbionts' long-distance migrations. In set 2 cages were exposed for 10–11 days, aiming to check whether symbionts were able to disperse through the water column with currents. These experiments allow the conclusion that post-settled symbionts can actively migrate among their hosts. Symbionts are able to reach their hosts by employing two different ‘transport corridors’, by drifting or swimming in water column, and by moving on the bottom. Comparison of experimental results allows the division of symbionts into two conventional groups according to the dispersal ability of their post-settled stages: (1) species able to complete long-distance migrations, (2) species unable to migrate or having limited dispersal ability. The finding of the free-living shrimp Periclimenes diversipes Kemp, 1922 in set 2 raises the question about the factors that affect such a high degree of specialization of crinoid assemblages.

scholarly journals Soil respiration and net ecosystem productivity in a chronosequence of hybrid poplar plantations

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-502
Author(s):  
Scott X. Chang ◽  
Zheng Shi ◽  
Barb R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Net Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
C Dynamics ◽  
Woody Crop

Forest stand age can affect ecosystem carbon (C) cycling and net ecosystem productivity (NEP). In Canada, establishment of short-rotation plantations on previously agricultural lands has been ongoing, but the effect of stand development on soil respiration (Rs) and NEP in such plantations is poorly understood. These types of data are essential for constraining ecosystem models that simulate C dynamics over the rotation of a plantation. We studied Rs (including autotrophic, Ra, and heterotrophic, Rh) and NEP in 2008 and 2009 in a chronosequence of 5-, 8-, 14-, and 16-yr-old (ages in 2009) hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus × petrowskyana var. Walker) plantations in northern Alberta. The highest Rs and NEP were generally found in the 14-yr-old stand. Seasonal variations in Rs were similar among the plantations, with most of the variation explained by soil temperature at the 10 cm depth in 2008 with far less explained in 2009, a much drier year. In diurnal measurements, hysteresis was found between soil respiration and soil temperature, with the patterns of hysteresis different among stand ages. Soil respiration in the 14-yr-old plantation had the greatest sensitivity to temperature changes. Stand age did not affect the Rh:Rs ratio, whereas the NEP exhibited strong inter-annual variability. We conclude that stand age was a major factor affecting Rs and NEP, and such effects should be considered in empirical models used to simulate ecosystem C dynamics to evaluate potentials for C sequestration and the C source–sink relationship in short-rotation woody crop systems.

The structure of ground beetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) at fig fruit falls (Moraceae) in a terra firme rain forest near Manaus (Brazil)

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILFRIED PAARMANN ◽  
JOACHIM ADIS ◽  
NIGEL STORK ◽  
BURKHARD GUTZMANN ◽  
PHILIPP STUMPE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Abundant Genus

The carabid beetle assemblage found feeding on fig fruit falls at night was studied in a terra firme rain forest near Manaus (Amazonia) from July 1991 to August 1996. A total of 8926 carabid beetles were collected on 64 fruit falls from 10 fig species. The most abundant genus was Notiobia with eight species, N. pseudolimbipennis being the most abundant. The Notiobia species comprised 92% of all specimens collected and all feed on small fig seeds. Their species abundance patterns varied considerably between individual fruit falls and during the course of a single fruit fall. However, the species abundance patterns for all Notiobia at all observed fruit falls for each of the two commonest fig species (Ficus subapiculata, F. guianensis), as well as for fruit falls of the remaining fig species, were very similar. Through feeding and breeding experiments and observations of reproductive success by dissection of females, only two of the eight Notiobia species were found to be specialized fig seed feeders, being able to reproduce only on fig fruit falls. The remaining six species of this genus use fig fruit falls as alternate hosts or ‘stepping stones’ between fruit falls of their host trees, which are widely separated both in time and space.

scholarly journals Northern Apennines as centre of speciation: a new Verdanus species group (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadellidae) from Italy and its phylogenetic relationships with V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2264 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADALGISA GUGLIELMINO ◽  
CHRISTOPH BÜCKLE
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Northern Apennines ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Group V ◽  
Central Eurasia ◽  
Limited Dispersal

A small sector of Northern Apennines the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines constitutes an interesting diversity centre of a new Verdanus species group closely related to V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group. It consists of three species: V. tyrannus sp. nov., V. saurosus sp. nov. and V. rosaurus sp. nov., the latter with two subspecies, V. rosaurus rosaurus ssp. nov. and V. rosaurus rex ssp. nov., which doubtless form a monophyletic group (V. rosaurus group). Data on their distribution, ecology and life cycle are added to their original descriptions. The new taxa live allopatrically in a very restricted area and thus occupy a distribution gap of another species group of Verdanus, the V. abdominalis group, present in Italy in the mountain regions of the Alps and Central and Southern Apennines. A hypothesis of the origin of the new taxa is presented based on the ecological conditions in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines during the last Postglacial period and on the limited dispersal ability of these normally brachypterous insects. Possible synapomorphic characters and phylogenetic relationships of the new taxa with each other and with V. bensoni (China) and the V. limbatellus group (V. limbatellus (Zetterstedt), V. kyrilli (Emeljanov), V. sichotanus (Anufriev), V. kaszabi (Dlabola)) are discussed and a cladistic analysis is conducted. Comparing V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group on the one hand and the V. rosaurus group on the other, some morphological characters appear to change often in parallel on the same paths, independently from the phylogenetic hypothesis. Remarkably, within the same morphological characters the range of variation among species inhabiting the comparatively minute area of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines is similar to that found among other taxa distributed across vast areas of northern and central Eurasia.

Establishment phase greenhouse gas emissions in short rotation woody biomass plantations in the Northern Lake States, USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin M. Palmer ◽  
Jodi A. Forrester ◽  
David E. Rothstein ◽  
David J. Mladenoff
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Lake States ◽  
Establishment Phase
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