scholarly journals A contemporary chemical entities infiltrating in the antimalarial therapy era: a comprehensive review

Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-646
Author(s):  
Sandip N. Badeliya ◽  
Pankaj P. Kapupara ◽  
Navneet F. Chauhan ◽  
Ishan I. Panchal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Artemisinin Derivatives ◽  
Antimalarial Agents ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Right

Malaria, a life-threatening disease, is caused by parasitic single-celled microorganisms. It is specifically transmitted by the anopheles female mosquito of the Plasmodium family. There are a lot of drugs available in the market to treat this life-challenging disease. Chloroquine, a cheaper molecule that is available worldwide, is one of them. Drug resistance has been observed with chloroquine as well as with some other quinine derivatives and with artemisinin derivatives in the southeast region of Asia in countries like Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, and Vietnam country since 1957. After 1970, the drug resistance has been further increased and it has been expanded in several localities of India. Also, antimalarial agents, particularly chloroquine, have so many side effects such as nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, headache, appetite loss, deprivation of hearing, skin color change, baldness, reduced body weight, and seizures. Furthermore, this drug cannot be given to pregnant women. Hence, it is the right time to design and develop newer antimalarial agents so that this kind of drug resistance, as well as side effects of the drugs, can be overcome.

scholarly journals Management of Infants with Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (BRUE) and Apparent Life-Threatening Events (ALTE): A RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Approach

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Giovanni Prezioso ◽  
Serafina Perrone ◽  
Giacomo Biasucci ◽  
Giovanna Pisi ◽  
Valentina Fainardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Admission Criteria ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Discharge Monitoring ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Primary Care Pediatricians

Unexpected events of breath, tone, and skin color change in infants are a cause of considerable distress to the caregiver and there is still debate on their appropriate management. The aim of this study is to survey the trend in prevention, decision-making, and management of brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE)/apparent life-threatening events (ALTE) and to develop a shared protocol among hospitals and primary care pediatricians regarding hospital admission criteria, work-up and post-discharge monitoring of patients with BRUE/ALTE. For the study purpose, a panel of 54 experts was selected to achieve consensus using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method. Twelve scenarios were developed: one addressed to primary prevention of ALTE and BRUE, and 11 focused on hospital management of BRUE and ALTE. For each scenario, participants were asked to rank each option from ‘1’ (extremely inappropriate) to ‘9’ (extremely appropriate). Results derived from panel meeting and discussion showed several points of agreement but also disagreement with different opinion emerged and the need of focused education on some areas. However, by combining previous recommendations with expert opinion, the application of the RAND/UCLA appropriateness permitted us to drive pediatricians to reasoned and informed decisions in term of evaluation, treatment and follow-up of infants with BRUE/ALTE, reducing inappropriate exams and hospitalisation and highlighting priorities for educational interventions.

scholarly journals Pronounced Skin Diseases In The Crown Of The Bride For Zubaidi

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-137
Author(s):  
Kosar Dler Mahmood ◽  
Ibrahim Abud AL Samaraee
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The World ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Hair Diseases

Lexical authorship is one of the most important efforts that cannot be underestimated because of its role in understanding the meanings and semantics of words. Studies have proven that Arabic is one of the most widely used languages ​​in the world. Arabic or Dad has received more attention than other languages, so the crown of the bride is one of the largest dictionaries that contain a huge number of vocabulary including words related to diseases. For leather.      Dermatology or dermatology is a medical specialty that deals with diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. It is also concerned with nail and hair diseases and is traditionally associated with sexually transmitted diseases. The doctor in this medical branch is often called a dermatologist. Of external influences and visible.     Skin diseases and disorders differ in the severity of their symptoms, their causes, and the strength of their effect; some cases may be mild, transient and may be life-threatening, so the research aims to study and show the words skin diseases mentioned in the bride's crown Zubaidi distributed on diseases related to pimples, skin color change, And dissected superficial and flesh contact, tumors in addition to hair diseases, which are classified as skin diseases, and concluded the study with the conclusion of the most important findings of the research, including: The most diseases that affect the skin phenomenon, which makes it a social disease more than organically, most of the words mentioned Zubaidi, a skin still Mskhaddmhaly this day and widespread medical, unlike synonymous words that have disappeared and have become unused.

scholarly journals Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Caused by Lumbar Herniated Intervertebral Disc Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 6;19 (6;7) ◽  
pp. E901-E904
Author(s):  
Sang Sik Choi
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
The Right ◽  
Temperature Asymmetry ◽  
Herniated Intervertebral Disc

Most cases of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) occur after some inciting injury. There are a few cases of CRPS after an operation for disc disease. CRPS from a mild herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) without surgical intervention is even rarer than CRPS after an operation for disc disease. A 22-year-old man was transferred to a pain clinic. He had continuously complained about back and right leg pain. He presented with a skin color change in the right lower leg, intermittent resting tremor, stiffness, and swelling in the right leg. He complained of a pulling sensation and numbness in his right buttock, posterior thigh, lateral calf, and ankle. This symptom was in accordance with L4/5 radiculopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also showed L4/5 HIVD that was central to the bilateral subarticular protrusion. He was diagnosed as having CRPS, which fits the revised International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) criteria. He fulfilled 4 symptom categories (allodynia, temperature asymmetry and skin color change, sweating changes, decreased range of motion and motor dysfunction) and 3 of 4 sign categories (allodynia, temperature asymmetry and skin color changes, decreased range of motion and motor dysfunction). The bone scan and thermography also revealed CRPS. For the past 2 months, we have performed intensive treatments. But, he never became painfree and walking for 5 minutes led to persistent leg pain. We decided to perform percutaneous nucleoplasty, which can directly decompress a HIVD. On the next day, he achieved dramatic symptom relief. The visual analog scale (VAS) score improved to 3, compared to the VAS score of 9 at the first visit. The skin color change, allodynia, and tremor in the right leg disappeared, and the temperature asymmetry normalized. Motor weakness of the right leg also recovered. We report an unusual case of CRPS that was caused by L4/5 HIVD without a history of trauma or surgery. It has a clear causal relationship between HIVD and CRPS and definitively fits in the newly revised IASP criteria. In conclusion, mild HIVD can cause CRPS without any trauma. And percutaneous nucleoplasty can be considered as a treatment option. Key words: Complex regional pain syndrome, diagnosis, herniated intervertebral disc, nucleoplasty, radiculopathy, sign, symptom, treatment

scholarly journals Vitamin Drug conjugate: a systematic review of pharmacological potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-52
Author(s):  
R.P. Bhole ◽  
◽  
Yogita Shinde ◽  
C.G. Bonde ◽  
R.D. Wavhale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Drug Conjugate ◽  
Drug Selectivity ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Cancer is a chronic disease which can cause death. In traditional chemotherapycytotoxic drugs are used to kill proliferating cancer cells. The cytotoxic agent exhibits less specificity, less biological activity, causes sys-temic toxicity and undesirable side effects. Each year, about 1.8 million of the population are infected and die due to tuberculosis infection. An increase of drug resistance during the tuberculosis treatment is a significant concern. So, it is necessary to develop a new approach or therapies to resolve drug resistance, drug selectivity in tuberculosis infection and the reduction of the side effects of cytotoxic agents and anti-tubercular drugs. This review describes the newly emerging concept of «vitamin drug conjugate». Vitamin-drug conjugate is a specifically carried drug toward the target site, is one of the promising ways to treat chronic diseases like can-cer and tuberculosis and enhance the therapeutic outcome. The purpose of this review is to explore vitamin as a targeting moiety for new anticancer and anti-tubercular drug to overcome challenges, such as non-selectivity, systemic toxicity and multidrug resistance. This approach is beneficial in the treatment of life-threatening disease like cancer, tuberculosis and also in many viral infections.

May-Thurner syndrome – Are we aware enough?

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Mako ◽  
Attila Puskas
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Iliac Vein ◽  
Common Iliac Vein ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Compression Syndrome ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Iliac Vein Compression ◽  
Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome ◽  
The Right

Summary. Iliac vein compression syndrome (May-Thurner syndrome – MTS) is an anatomically variable clinical condition in which the left common iliac vein is compressed between the right common iliac artery and the underlying spine. This anatomic variant results in an increased incidence of left iliac or iliofemoral vein thrombosis. It predominantly affects young women in the second or third decades of life with preponderance during pregnancy or oral contraceptive use. Although MTS is rare, its true prevalence is underestimated but it can be a life-threatening condition due to development of pulmonary embolism (PE). In this case based review the authors present three cases of MTS. All patients had been previously confirmed with PE, but despite they were admitted to hospital, diagnosed and correctly treated for PE and investigated for thrombophilia, the iliac vein compression syndrome was not suspected or investigated. With this presentation the authors would like to emphasize that MTS is mostly underdiagnosed, and it needs to be ruled out in left iliofemoral vein thrombosis in young individuals.

Clinical Case: Complications after Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysm in a Patient after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Petrov Nikolay ◽  
◽  
Marinova R. ◽  
Odiseeva Ev.
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysm ◽  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Endovascular Coiling ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Arachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Brain Artery

Abstract: Intracranial aneurysm is one of the most common neurovascular complications. During the recent years the accepted treatment of enraptured cranial aneurysm is noninvasive endovascular coiling. This technique is modern but it is not without complications which can be serious and life-threatening. A clinical case of a patient admitted to the ICU of Military Medical Academy - Sofia with sub arachnoid hemorrhage is described. After a positive clinical course, the check-up magnetic resonance showed intracranial aneurism of the right carotid artery. The patient underwent angiographic endovascular treatment. Vasospasm of the middle and right brain artery and thrombosis were detected during the procedure. Attempt of thromboaspiration was made without success. This article reviews published data on broad-spectrum researches concerning complications of endovascular coiling of intracranial aneurysms and the ways to prevent and reduce them.

EDUKASI TERHADAP REMAJA DALAM PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PENGGUNAAN GAME DENGAN BIJAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ikhsan Fuady ◽  
Rangga Saptya MP
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Education And Outreach ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dedicated Team ◽  
User Ratings

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><em>Pemanfaatan game dikalangan remaja memiliki peran yang efektif sebagai wadah untuk hiburan. Tetapi pemanfaatan game tidak tepat memiliki efek samping game terhadap kehidupan sehari hari remaja, mulai dari kurang bersosialIsasi hingga perilaku kekerasan dikalangan remaja. Penyuluhan terhadap remaja bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada remaja tentang variasi game berdasarkan rating pengguna, maupun cerdas dalam manajemen penggunaan game dalam kehidupan remaja sehari hari. Pengetahuan remaja tentang varian/ragam game berdasarkan rating relatif rendah sebagaian besar pemengetahuannya tersebar pada kategori sangat rendah dan rendah yaitu sebesar 65 persen. Metode edukasi dan sosialisasi ini adalah dengan beberapa tahapan. Tahap pertaman tim pengabdian memberikan edukasi dan diskusi tentang beragam bentuk game, karakteristik, serta karakteristik pengguna game yang tepat. Selanjutnya beberapa permainan dan kuis untuk meingkatkan literasi remaja tentang pemanfaatan game secara bijak. Kegiatan penyuluhan ini mampu meningkatkan pemahaman para remaja dalam mengenali game yang baik digunakan, hal ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan pengetahuan remaja relatif signifikan sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan.</em></p><p><strong>Kata kunci<em>:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>Edukasi, Game, Penyuluhan </em></strong></p><p align="center"><em> </em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong> </p><p><em>The use of games among teenagers has an effective role as a forum for entertainment. But the improper use of games has the side effects of games on the daily lives of adolescents, ranging from lack of socialization to violent behavior in adolescents. Counseling against adolescents aims to provide understanding to adolescents about the variety/variance of games based on user ratings, as well as being smart in managing game use in daily teenage life. Teenagers' knowledge about game variants/based on the rating is relatively low, most of the knowledge is spread in the very low and low categories, which is 65 percent. The method of education and outreach is by several stages. The first stage of the dedicated team provided education and discussion about various forms of games, characteristics, and characteristics of the right game user. Furthermore, some games and quizzes to improve teen literacy about game use wisely. This counseling activity can increase the understanding of teenagers in recognizing games that are well used, this can be seen from the relatively significant increase in adolescent knowledge before and after counseling.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords<em>:</em></strong><em> <strong>Education, Games, Counseling</strong></em></p>

Hybrid Compounds & Oxidative Stress Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 2118-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysegul Hanikoglu ◽  
Hakan Ozben ◽  
Ferhat Hanikoglu ◽  
Tomris Ozben
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

: Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated by the conventional cancer therapies and the endogenous production of ROS have been observed in various types of cancers. In contrast to the harmful effects of oxidative stress in different pathologies other than cancer, ROS can speed anti-tumorigenic signaling and cause apoptosis of tumor cells via oxidative stress as demonstrated in several studies. The primary actions of antioxidants in cells are to provide a redox balance between reduction-oxidation reactions. Antioxidants in tumor cells can scavenge excess ROS, causing resistance to ROS induced apoptosis. Various chemotherapeutic drugs, in their clinical use, have evoked drug resistance and serious side effects. Consequently, drugs having single-targets are not able to provide an effective cancer therapy. Recently, developed hybrid anticancer drugs promise great therapeutic advantages due to their capacity to overcome the limitations encountered with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Hybrid compounds have advantages in comparison to the single cancer drugs which have usually low solubility, adverse side effects, and drug resistance. This review addresses two important treatments strategies in cancer therapy: oxidative stress induced apoptosis and hybrid anticancer drugs.

Recent Advances in the Rational Drug Design Based on Multi-target Ligands

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (28) ◽  
pp. 4720-4740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yang ◽  
Xin Sui ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
Youqing Shen ◽  
Hailin Cong
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Rational Drug Design ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Huge Challenge

Multi-target drugs have gained considerable attention in the last decade owing to their advantages in the treatment of complex diseases and health conditions linked to drug resistance. Single-target drugs, although highly selective, may not necessarily have better efficacy or fewer side effects. Therefore, more attention is being paid to developing drugs that work on multiple targets at the same time, but developing such drugs is a huge challenge for medicinal chemists. Each target must have sufficient activity and have sufficiently characterized pharmacokinetic parameters. Multi-target drugs, which have long been known and effectively used in clinical practice, are briefly discussed in the present article. In addition, in this review, we will discuss the possible applications of multi-target ligands to guide the repositioning of prospective drugs.

Small Molecular Gemcitabine Prodrugs for Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (33) ◽  
pp. 5562-5582 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Miao ◽  
Xuehong Chen ◽  
Yepeng Luan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Drug Stability ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Deoxycytidine Kinase ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Pyrimidine Nucleoside ◽  
Design And Synthesis

Gemcitabine as a pyrimidine nucleoside analog anticancer drug has high efficacy for a broad spectrum of solid tumors. Gemcitabine is activated within tumor cells by sequential phosphorylation carried out by deoxycytidine kinase to mono-, di-, and triphosphate nucleotides with the last one as the active form. But the instability, drug resistance and toxicity severely limited its utilization in clinics. In the field of medicinal chemistry, prodrugs have proven to be a very effective means for elevating drug stability and decrease undesirable side effects including the nucleoside anticancer drug such as gemcitabine. Many works have been accomplished in design and synthesis of gemcitabine prodrugs, majority of which were summarized in this review.

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