On the recognition of the long neglected Vitis adenoclada Hand.-Mazz. (Vitaceae) from southern China

This study reports the recognition of Vitis adenoclada Hand.-Mazz. from southern China. The species was not recognized in the Flora Reipublicae Ropularis Sinicicae and Flora of China treatments. Recent field studies and examination of herbarium collections including the type material suggest that Vitis adenoclada is morphologically similar to V. heyneana, in their densely arachnoid tomentose abaxial leaves, yet it can be easily distinguished from the latter by its red-purple glandular hairs on the young branches (vs. glandular hairs absent in V. heyneana) and inflorescences usually subtended by a tendril at the base (vs. only occasionally with a tendril in V. heyneana). Vitis adenoclada may be a species of hybrid origin, with the highly tomentose Vitis heyneana as one of the parental species, and likely the glandular-hair bearing V. davidii as the other parental species. Vitis adenoclada is recorded from southern China in Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan and Zhejiang provinces.

Download Full-text

Lectotypification and new data on distribution of Glyptopetalum sclerocarpum (Celastraceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 350 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

IVAN A. SAVINOV ◽

MAXIM S. NURALIEV ◽

NIKOLAY A. VISLOBOKOV ◽

BO PAN ◽

FANG WEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Southern China ◽

Type Material ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Similar Species ◽

Herbarium Collections ◽

First Time

Taxonomy and geographical distribution of Glyptopetalum sclerocarpum are revised. Type material of this species is analyzed and lectotypification is provided; the specimen from CAL (CAL0000007365) is designated as a lectotype. Distribution area of G. sclerocarpum is circumscribed and a number of inconsistencies found in earlier works are resolved. Occurrence of G. sclerocarpum in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and southern China is confirmed. The presence of this species in Guangxi of China is reported for the first time; its presence and distribution in Vietnam are substantiated by herbarium collections. Map of distribution of G. sclerocarpum and G. vidalii, a poorly known and morphologically similar species, is provided.

Download Full-text

Geographical vocabulary of the Shilan dialect of the Erzya-Mordovian language

Finno-Ugric World ◽

10.15507/2076-2577.012.2020.04.358-367 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 358-367

Author(s):

Nikolai V. Belenov

Keyword(s):

Original Composition ◽

Research Methods ◽

Field Studies ◽

The Other ◽

Volga Region ◽

The One ◽

Xix Century ◽

First Time ◽

Source Materials ◽

Made In

Introduction. The article presents the results of research of the geographical vocabulary of the Shilan dialect, one of the Erzya-Mordovian dialects of the Samara region, common among Erzya population of Shilan village in Krasnoyarsk region. The dialect belongs to rare Mordovian dialects of the Samara Volga region that were formed in the region since the middle of the XIX century, and therefore its research is of extra interest. Materials and Methods. The research methods are determined by the purpose and objectives of the study. The analysis of the geographical vocabulary of the Shilan dialect is carried out with the involvement of relevant items made in other Mordovian dialects of Samara region, adjacent territories of neighboring regions, as well as other territories of settlement of the Mordovians. Data on geographical vocabulary of the dialect introduced into research for the first time. The main source materials for the article is based on field studies in Silane village during the field seasons in 2017 and 2020, as well as in other Erzya-Mordovian and Moksha-Mordovian villages of Samara region and adjacent territories in 2015 – 2020. Results and Discussion. The study showed that the geographical vocabulary of the Shilan dialect of the Erzya-Mordovian language is significantly different from the corresponding lexical clusters in other dialects of the Mordovian region, which can be explained by natural geographical conditions surrounding Shilan village and the original composition of this lexical cluster of Erzya immigrants who founded this village. Conclusion. The analysis of the geographical vocabulary of the Shilan dialect allowed, on the one hand, to identify specific features of this cluster that distinguish it from the corresponding materials of other Mordovian dialects of the region, and, on the other hand, to identify common isoglosses between it and a number of the Erzya-Mordovian dialects of the Samara Volga region.

Download Full-text

GENOME SIZE IN THREE SPECIES OF Glandularia AND THEIR HYBRIDS

Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics ◽

10.35407/bag.2019.xxx.02.05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 47-54

Author(s):

M.R. Ferrari ◽

E.J. Greizerstein ◽

L. Poggio

Keyword(s):

Genome Size ◽

Dna Content ◽

High Frequency ◽

Parental Species ◽

The Other ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Homoeologous Pairing ◽

The Relationship ◽

Species Being ◽

Homoeologous Chromosomes

In this work the relationship between genome size of Glandularia species and the meiotic configurations found in their hybrids are discussed. Glandularia incisa (Hook.) Tronc., growing in two localities of Corrientes and Córdoba provinces, Argentina, with different ecological conditions, showed inter-population variability of the 2C-value. The DNA content found in the Corrientes locality (2.41 pg) was higher than that obtained in the Córdoba locality (2.09 pg) which has more stressful environmental conditions than the former. These values are statistically different from those that were found in Glandularia pulchella (Sweet) Tronc. from Corrientes (1.43 pg) and in Glandularia perakii Cov. et Schn from Córdoba (1.47 pg). The DNA content of the diploid F1 hybrids, G. pulchella × G. incisa and G. perakii × G. incisa, differed statistically from the DNA content of the parental species, being intermediate between them. Differences in the frequency of pairing of homoeologous chromosomes were observed in the hybrids; these differences cannot be explained by differences in genome size since hybrids with similar DNA content differ significantly in their meiotic behavior. On the other hand, the differences in the DNA content between the parental species justify the presence of a high frequency of heteromorphic open and closed bivalents and univalents with different size in the hybrids. Key words: Intra-specific DNA content variability, homoeologous pairing, heteromorphic bivalents

Download Full-text

Hepatica transsilvanica Fuss (Ranunculaceae) is an Allotetraploid Relict of the Tertiary Flora in Europe – Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.8934 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Levente Laczkó ◽

Gábor Sramkó

Keyword(s):

Parental Species ◽

Gene Tree ◽

Diploid Species ◽

Nuclear Gene ◽

Hybrid Origin ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Recent Common Ancestor ◽

Term Survival ◽

Quaternary Glaciation ◽

Eastern Carpathians

The Hepatica section Angulosa consists of mainly tetraploid (2n = 28) species that are distributed disjunctly throughout Eurasia. Karyological evidence proves the hybrid origin of the polyploid species of this section. Hepatica transsilvanica is a member of this species group with a conspicuous distribution restricted to the Eastern Carpathians. Based on genome size and cytotypes, the paternal parent of H. transsilvanica is described to be the only diploid species in section Angulosa, H. falconeri. The maternal species is hypothesized to be H. nobilis, a European species with entirely lobed leaves and a wider distribution area. Although the hybrid origin of H. transsilvanica is well documented by karyological evidence, the time of hybridization has never been studied. By using sequences of both the nuclear and plastid genome, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of H. transsilvanica and its parental species. The identity of the parental species is corroborated by discordant gene tree topologies of the nrITS and plastid sequences. Moreover, both gene copies of the parental species could be identified with the low-copy nuclear gene, MLH1. Divergence dating analysis using Bayesian phylogenetic methods strongly supported the long-term survival of H. transsilvanica in the Southeastern Carpathians, as the most recent common ancestor of the hybrid and parent species existed not later than the beginning of the Pleistocene, ca. 3 million years ago. These results not only highlight the biogeographic importance of the Southeastern Carpathians in the Quaternary glaciation periods, but also emphasize that Tertiary lineages could have survived in a Central European cryptic refugium.

Download Full-text

Hybridization between the threatened herb Boltonia decurrens (Asteraceae) and its widespread congener, B. asteroides

Botany ◽

10.1139/b11-005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 191-201

Author(s):

Jennifer DeWoody ◽

John D. Nason ◽

Marian Smith

Keyword(s):

Parental Species ◽

Backcross Progeny ◽

Illinois River ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Hybrid Origin ◽

Sympatric Population ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Marker Data ◽

Boltonia Decurrens

Boltonia decurrens (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Wood is a federally threatened herb endemic to the Illinois River floodplain, and currently restricted to fewer than 25 populations. We tested for hybridization between this species and a widespread congener, Boltonia asteroides (L.) L’Hér., at two sites where they are known to occur in sympatry, by comparing morphological and genetic diversity with an allopatric population of each species. Morphological analyses identified significant differentiation between species. Discriminant classification analysis of the morphological data assigned most individuals to one or the other of the two parental species with high probability (>0.95), with only four plants having an intermediate probability of assignment (<0.90) indicative of hybrid origin. Similarly, likelihood-based methods based on genetic marker data (allozymes) failed to detect the presence of F1 hybrids in either sympatric population and revealed only low frequencies of F2 and backcross progeny. These findings demonstrate that combining morphological and genetic data increases the likelihood of detecting low-scale introgression between closely related species. Even with this combined approach, the low rate of recombination between these species together with their limited sympatry indicate that hybridization does not pose an immediate threat to the genetic integrity of B. decurrens.

Download Full-text

Hybrids between Schistosoma mansoni and S. rodhaini: characterization by cercarial emergence rhythms

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000058674 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 225-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

A. Thèron

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Parental Species ◽

Genetic Determinism ◽

The Other ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Emergence Rhythm ◽

Cercarial Emergence

SummaryHybridization between Schistosoma mansoni, with a diurnal cercarial emergence rhythm and S. rodhaini, with a nocturnal cercarial shedding pattern leads to F1 and F2 generations, hybrid schistosomes whose chronobiological phenotype of cercariae is characterized by two unequal emergence peaks, one diurnal and the other nocturnal. The relative importance of diurnal and nocturnal peaks depends upon which S. mansoni strain (early or late) is used for the hybridization with S. rodhaini. The results are compared and discussed with those resulting from crosses between intraspecific sympatric and allopatric chronobiological variants (early and late) of S. mansoni. The genetic determinism of the cercarial emergence of schistosomes and the significant differences observed between cercarial shedding patterns of parental species and their hybrids allow the use of this behavioural marker in biological and genetical studies in schistosome populations.

Download Full-text

Absorption, Translocation, and Phytotoxicity of Chlorimuron and 2,4-Db Mixtures in Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) and Selected Weed Species

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500052048 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 347-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Glenn R. Wehtje ◽

John W. Wilcut ◽

John A. Mcguire

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Field Studies ◽

The Other ◽

Weed Species ◽

Greenhouse Experiments ◽

Crop Injury ◽

Treated Leaf ◽

Better Than

Mixtures of chlorimuron and 2,4-DB were additive with respect to crop injury and were either additive or slightly antagonistic with respect to weed control in greenhouse experiments. Absorption and translocation of14C following application of14C-chlorimuron and14C-2,4-DB were not affected by the presence of the other unlabeled herbicide, except in Florida beggarweed and peanut where 2,4-DB affected distribution of14C-chlorimuron in the treated leaf. In field studies, maximum efficacy was obtained with mixtures of chlorimuron plus 2,4-DB applied 7 or 9 wk after planting. Florida beggarweed control was greatest with chlorimuron or chlorimuron mixtures while the addition of 2,4-DB to chlorimuron improved morningglory and sicklepod control. At 9 and 11 wk after planting, addition of 2,4-DB to chlorimuron controlled Florida beggarweed better than chlorimuron alone. Peanut yields were increased by the addition of 2,4-DB at later applications.

Download Full-text

Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on Rubus sect. Corylifolii (Rosaceae) in Central Europe

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.388.1.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 388 (1) ◽

pp. 107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

GERGELY KIRÁLY

Keyword(s):

Central Europe ◽

Field Studies ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Type Material ◽

Original Material ◽

Long Time ◽

The Alps ◽

Locus Classicus

During recent herbarium and field studies three names of Rubus sect. Corylifolii ser. Subcanescentes were re-assessed. Rubus macrostemonides was typified with a neotype specimen from Salzburg (Austria), and its identity with R. baruthicus was shown (the previous name has the priority). Its presence at the Austrian locus classicus was confirmed also recently, this locality represents the easternmost occurrence of the species. The name R. holosericeus was (mis)applied for a long time for a widespread taxon occurring southeast of the Alps that is not at all present in the original material. This name was lectotypified with a specimen from Styria (Austria) here as a hitherto overlooked regional species recently recorded in Austria, Hungary and Slovenia. The taxon that was formerly (mis)identified as R. holosericeus has proven to be identical to R. semitomentosus, which is lectotypified here with a specimen from Hungary. For both taxa clarified here is, beside a circumstantial assessment of the type material, an improved morphological characterization and circumscription of distribution and habitats presented.

Download Full-text

A Unique Conjunction: Evidence for Gynogenesis Accompanying Haplodiploid Sex Determination in the Australian Ant Myrmecia impaternata Taylor

Psyche A Journal of Entomology ◽

10.1155/2018/2832690 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Robert W. Taylor ◽

Hirotami T. Imai ◽

Eisuke Hasegawa ◽

Colin D. Beaton

Keyword(s):

Host Species ◽

Related Species ◽

Parental Species ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Hybrid Origin ◽

Sperm Cells ◽

Reproductive Systems ◽

Free Living ◽

Sperm Donor ◽

Diploid Female

Myrmecia impaternata is an allodiploid all-female species of hybrid origin. Its parental taxa are confirmed here to be M. banksi and M. pilosula. We suggest that its queens produce diploid female offspring by gynogenetic parthenogenesis, a process which requires interaction between unreduced maternal oocytes and allospecific sperm cells obtained by copulation with another related species. We propose that impaternata queens almost certainly mate for this purpose with males reared in impaternata nests from eggs laid by impaternata females. Because sex in ants is determined by haplodiploidy (males haploid, females diploid), we posit that these males would in fact not be technically conspecific with the females in whose reproductive systems they developed, since they would each carry the haploid genome of one or other of the hybridic parental species. They would therefore be individually identical karyologically to males of either M. banksi or M. pilosula and appropriately allospecific to M. impaternata. We postulate that, unlike all other known gynogens, M. impaternata would have no need to maintain parasitic affiliation or sympatry with free-living sperm-donor host species. Its queens are arguably able to produce the required allospecific males by accessing their own genomes. M. impaternata apparently originated by instantaneous speciation when individuals of its parental species first successfully hybridized.

Download Full-text

Karyotypic Studies in Artificial Hybrids of Solanum Sections Anarrhichomenum and Basarthrum (Solanaceae)

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt96127 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 147 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laura Stiefkens ◽

Gabriel Bernardello ◽

Gregory J. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Wild Species ◽

Parental Species ◽

Statistical Analyses ◽

The Other ◽

Genome Length ◽

Mitotic Chromosomes ◽

Chromosome Change ◽

Centromere Position ◽

Taxonomic Methods

Mitotic chromosomes of seven artificial hybrids fromSolanum L. sect.AnarrichomenumBitter &Basarthrum (Bitter) Bitter were studied(S. caripense Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal ×S. basendopogon Bitter,S. caripense × S. muricatumAiton, S. muricatum ×S. basendopogon, S. muricatum× S. caripense,S. muricatum× S. cochoae G.J. Anderson & Bernardello, S. sodiroi Bitter ×S. brevifolium Humb. & Bonpl., andS. sodiroi ×S. caripense).All are wild species except S. muricatum, which is knownonly as a domesticate (‘pepino dulce’). All hybrids were diploidwith 2n = 24. We compare the karyotypes ofparental species and their hybrids to understand chromosome change as acomponent of the evolution of these sections. Statistical analyses ofchromosomes, genome length and centromere position yielded estimates ofkaryotype composition and asymmetry. Comparisons were made by means of ANOVAsand numerical taxonomic methods. Statistical comparisons among the hybridspooled showed much karyotypic similarity among them. Karyotypes of theparental species revealed sharper differences among them. The karyotypes ofthe hybrids except for one combination were not intermediate. In general, thekaryotypes of the hybrids showed relatedness to the karyotype of one parentalspecies. The hybrids involving S. muricatum havechromosomal features closer to it than to the other parental species. Previousstudies showed S. caripense among the wild species to bemost similar to S. muricatum and, as expected, therewere the fewest differences between these species and the hybrids betweenthem. The karyotype of S. sodiroi×S. brevifolium is the most different from the karyotypeof either of its parental species.

Download Full-text