scholarly journals Report on the Managing Impacts of Deep-seA reSource exploitation (MIDAS) workshop on environmental management of deep-sea mining

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e10292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Durden ◽  
David Billett ◽  
Alastair Brown ◽  
Andrew Dale ◽  
Laura Goulding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Resource Exploitation

scholarly journals A procedural framework for robust environmental management of deep-sea mining projects using a conceptual model

Marine Policy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Durden ◽  
Kevin Murphy ◽  
Aline Jaeckel ◽  
Cindy L. Van Dover ◽  
Sabine Christiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Mining Projects

Deep-sea foraging pathways: an analysis of randomness and resource exploitation

Paleobiology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Kitchell
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Trace Fossil ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Random Behavior

The foraging paradigm of trace fossil theory has historically accorded random behavior to non-food-limited deposit-feeders and non-random behavior to food-limited feeders. A series of randomness measures derived from empirical modeling, simulation modeling, stochastic modeling and probability theory applied to foraging patterns observed in deep-sea bottom photographs from the Arctic and Antarctic yielded a behavioral continuum of increasing non-randomness. A linear regression of trace positions along the continuum to bathymetric data did not substantiate the optimal foraging efficiency-depth dependence model of trace fossil theory, except that all traces exhibited a greater optimization than that of simulated random foraging. It is hypothesized that optimization as evidenced by non-random foraging strategies represents maximization of the cost/benefit ratio of resource exploitation to risk of predation and that individual foraging patterns reflect an exploration response to the morphometry of a patchily distributed food resource. Differential predation and competition may account for the co-occurrence of random and non-random strategies within the same bathymetric zone.

scholarly journals The London Workshop on the Biogeography and Connectivity of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Glover ◽  
Thomas Dahlgren ◽  
Sergio Taboada ◽  
Gordon Paterson ◽  
Helena Wiklund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Dna Taxonomy ◽  
Joint Programming ◽  
Vast Area ◽  
Molecular Biogeography

Recent years have seen a rapid increase in survey and sampling expeditions to the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) abyssal plain, a vast area of the central Pacific that is currently being actively explored for deep-sea minerals (ISA, 2016). Critical to the development of evidence-based environmental policy in the CCZ are data on the biogeography and connectivity of species at a CCZ-regional level. The London Workshop on the Biogeography and Connectivity of the CCZ was convened to support the integration and synthesis of data from European Union (EU) CCZ projects, supported by the EU Managing Impacts of Deep-Sea Resource Exploitation (MIDAS) and EU Joint Programming Initiative Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans (JPI Oceans) projects. The London Workshop had three clear goals: (1) To explore, review and synthesise the latest molecular biogeography and connectivity data from across recent CCZ cruises from both contractor and academia-funded projects; (2) To develop complementary and collaborative institutional and program-based academic publication plans to avoid duplication of effort and ensure maximum collaborative impact; (3) To plan a joint synthetic data publication highlighting key results from a range of planned molecular biogeography/connectivity publications. 32 participants attended the workshop at the Natural History Museum in London from 10-12 May 2016. Presentations and discussions are summarised in this report covering (1) overviews of current CCZ environmental projects, (2) policy and industry perspectives, (3) synthesis of DNA taxonomy and biogeography studies, (4) summaries of the latest population genetic studies, (5) summaries of the latest broader morphological context, (6) an overview of publication and proposal plans to maximise collaborative opportunities and finally a series of workshop recommendations.

scholarly journals Projected pH reductions by 2100 might put deep North Atlantic biodiversity at risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 8607-8634 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gehlen ◽  
R. Séférian ◽  
D. O. B. Jones ◽  
T. Roy ◽  
R. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This study aims at evaluating the potential for impacts of ocean acidification on North Atlantic deep-sea ecosystems in response to IPCC AR5 Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP). Deep-sea biota is likely highly vulnerable to changes in seawater chemistry and sensitive to moderate excursions in pH. Here we show, from seven fully-coupled Earth system models, that for three out of four RCPs over 17% of the seafloor area below 500 m depth in the North Atlantic sector will experience pH reductions exceeding −0.2 units by 2100. Increased stratification in response to climate change partially alleviates the impact of ocean acidification on deep benthic environment. We report major potential consequences of pH reductions for deep-sea biodiversity hotspots, such as seamounts and canyons. By 2100 and under the high CO2 scenario RCP8.5 pH reductions exceeding −0.2, (respectively −0.3) units are projected in close to 23% (~ 15%) of North Atlantic deep-sea canyons and ~ 8% (3%) of seamounts – including seamounts proposed as sites of marine protected areas. The spatial pattern of impacts reflects the depth of the pH perturbation and does not scale linearly with atmospheric CO2 concentration. Impacts may cause negative changes of the same magnitude or exceeding the current target of 10% of preservation of marine biomes set by the convention on biological diversity implying that ocean acidification may offset benefits from conservation/management strategies relying on the regulation of resource exploitation.

scholarly journals Offshore Hydrocarbon Exploitation Observations from VIIRS NTL Images: Analyzing the Intensity Changes and Development Trends in the South China Sea from 2012 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Wenzhou Wu ◽  
Fenzhen Su ◽  
Han Xiao ◽  
Yutong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
The South ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Intensity Changes

The South China Sea is rich in hydrocarbon resources and has been exploited for decades by countries around it. However, little is known about the hydrocarbon exploitation (HE) activities in the South China Sea in recent years, especially its intensity changes and development trends. Here, a long-time series of monthly Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) nighttime light (NTL)images were applied to observe and analyze the HE dynamics in the South China Sea from 2012 to 2019. A target recognition method combining feature increment strategy and random forest model was proposed to obtain the spatial distribution of offshore HE targets, with an average comprehensive precision of 94.44%. Then, a spatio-temporal statistical analysis was carried out on the intensity changes and development trends of HE activities. The results showed that: (1) From 2012 to 2019, the quantity of HE targets in the South China Sea has increased from 215 to 310, from rapid to stable increasing taking 2014 as a turning point. (2) The distribution density of HE targets increases year by year, with the maximum density reaching 59/ 10,000 Km2, and with the most significant increase in the new hydrocarbon-bearing fields close to the deep-sea. (3) The quantity of HE targets shallower than -300m has been increasing with years, but showing a decreasing proportion trend, falling from 96.7% in 2012 to 94.2% of the total in 2019. (4) After 2015, the exploitation core of most hydrocarbon-bearing basins began to shift from shallow-sea to deep-sea, with gradually increasing exploitation depth, among which the maximum depth reaching −1580 m. Against the background of the changes in international crude oil prices and the vigorous development of deep-sea HE, this research provides important information and methodological references for the formulation and analysis of offshore hydrocarbon resource exploitation strategies.

scholarly journals First visual occurrence data for deep-sea cnidarians in the South-western Colombian Caribbean

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Dueñas ◽  
Cristina Cedeño-Posso ◽  
Alejandro Grajales ◽  
Santiago Herrera ◽  
Estefanía Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
New Records ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
The South ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
Natural Resource Exploitation ◽  
Associated Data

Attention to the deep-sea environment has increased dramatically in the last decade due to the rising interest in natural resource exploitation. Although Colombia holds a large submerged territory, knowledge of the seabed and its biodiversity beyond 1,000 m depth is very limited. During 2015–2017, Anadarko Colombia Company (ACC) carried out hydrocarbon exploratory activities in the South-western Colombian Caribbean, at depths between 375 m and 2,565 m. Capitalising on available data resources from these activities, several cnidarian species were observed in ROV and towed camera surveys. We analysed over nine hours of video and 5,066 still images from these surveys, identifying organisms to the lowest possible taxonomic level. The images and associated data presented here correspond to 108 observations of deep-sea cnidarians, including seven new records for the Colombian Caribbean. Given the paucity of research and funding to explore the deep-sea in Colombia, the present dataset comprises the largest deep-sea Cnidaria imagery inventory to date for the Colombian Caribbean.

Current Issues of Marine and Coastal Affairs in Malaysia

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-243
Author(s):  
B.A. Hamzah ◽  
Jenny L.P. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Malaysian Government

AbstractThe maritime sector has been identified as one of the significant economic sectors which will help propel Malaysia to developed status by the year 2020. Although Malaysia is highly dependent on the seas for many of its economic and resource-exploitation activities, transportation, communication and security needs, the country has yet effectively and efficiently to tap the full potential of its maritime sector. This paper presents a review of the status of, and issues facing, several important maritime sectors such as fisheries, shipping ports, shipbuilding, oil and gas development and maritime environmental management. Policies and legislation drawn up by the Malaysian Government to overcome some of the problems facing these sectors are also discussed.

Governing the Depths: Conceptualizing the Politics of Deep Sea Resources

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Moore ◽  
Dale Squires
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Common Heritage ◽  
Common Heritage Of Mankind ◽  
The Common ◽  
Governance Arrangements ◽  
Unique Status

The deep sea, defined as those parts of the ocean below 200 meters, is increasingly the site of intensive resource exploitation for fish, minerals, and other uses, yet little thought has been given to effective governance by either scholars or policy-makers. This article provides an overview of existing deep-sea governance arrangements, as well as a description of the barriers to developing a more effective institutional framework, with particular focus on the unique status of the deep sea as part of the common heritage of mankind, the logistical challenges inherent in monitoring resource exploitation in the deep sea, and the lack of available scientific data. We call for greater engagement by political scientists and environmental studies scholars in addressing these challenges and protecting one of Earth’s last true frontiers.

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