scholarly journals Revealing the biodiversity of Chilean birds through the COI barcode approach

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 143-161
Author(s):  
Nelson Colihueque ◽  
Alberto Gantz ◽  
Margarita Parraguez
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Intraspecific Divergence ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Small Overlap

The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene is an effective molecular tool for the estimation of genetic variation and the identification of bird species. This molecular marker is used to differentiate among Chilean bird species by analyzing barcodes for 76 species (197 individuals), comprising 28 species with no previous barcode data and 48 species with sequences retrieved from the BOLD and GenBank databases. The DNA barcodes correctly identified 94.7% of the species analyzed (72 of 76 species). Mean intraspecific K2P distance was 0.3% (range 0–8.7%). Within the intraspecific divergence range, three species, Phrygilus gayi, Sephanoides sephanoides and Curaeus curaeus, showed relatively high intraspecific divergence (1.5–8.7%), possibly due to the presence of a species complex or geographic isolation of sub-populations. Mean interspecific K2P distance was 24.7% (range 1.3–43.5%). Consequently, the intraspecific K2P distance showed limited overlap with interspecific K2P distance. The mean intraspecific divergence in our study was similar to that found in temperate regions of South America (0.24%). However, it was approximately one order of magnitude lower than values reported for bird species in tropical regions of northern South America (1.8–2.13%). This result suggests that bird species from Chile show low levels of genetic structure and divergence. The small overlap between intra- and inter-specific distances implies that COI barcodes could be used as an effective tool to identify nearly all the Chilean bird species analyzed.

scholarly journals DNA barcodes of birds from northern Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Pulgarín-R ◽  
Martha Olivera-Angel ◽  
Luisa Ortíz ◽  
Duván Nanclares ◽  
Sara Velásquez-Restrepo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lowland Tropical Forest ◽  
Coi Sequences

DNA barcode datasets are a useful tool for conservation and aid in taxonomic identification, particularly in megadiverse tropical countries seeking to document and describe its biota, which is dropping at an alarming rate during recent decades. Here we report the barcodes for several low elevation bird species from northern Colombia with the goal to provide tools for species identification in this region of South America. We blood-sampled birds in a lowland tropical forest with various degrees of intervention using standard 3 × 12 m mist-nets. We extracted DNA and sequenced the COI barcode gene using standard primers and laboratory methods. We obtained 26 COI sequences from 18 species, 10 families and three orders and found that barcodes largely matched (but not always) phenotypic identification (> 90%) and they also facilitated the identification of several challenging passerine species. Despite our reduced sampling, our study represents the first attempt to document COI barcodes for birds (from blood samples) in this part of Colombia, which fills a considerable gap of sampling in this part of South America.

scholarly journals DNA barcodes from northern birds of Colombia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Pulgarín-R ◽  
Martha Olivera-Angel ◽  
Luisa Ortíz ◽  
Duván Nanclares ◽  
Sara Velásquez-Restrepo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lowland Tropical Forest ◽  
Coi Sequences

DNA barcode datasets are a useful tool for conservation and aid in taxonomic identification, particularly in megadiverse tropical countries seeking to document and describe its biota, which is dropping at an alarming rate during recent decades. Here we report the barcodes for several low elevation bird species from northern Colombia with the goal to provide tools for species identification in this region of South America. We blood sampled birds in a lowland tropical forest with various degrees of intervention using standard 10 × 12 mist-nets. We extracted DNA and sequenced the COI barcode gene using standard primers and laboratory methods. We obtained 28 COI sequences from 19 species, 10 families and 3 orders and found that barcodes largely matched (but not always) phenotypic identification (>90%) and they also facilitated the identification of several challenging passerine species. Despite our reduced sampling, our study represents the first attempt to document COI barcodes for birds (from blood samples) in this part of Colombia, which fills a considerable gap of sampling in this part of South America.

scholarly journals DNA barcode library of megadiverse Austrian Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) – a nearly perfect match of Linnean taxonomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Huemer ◽  
Christian Wieser ◽  
Wolfgang Stark ◽  
Paul Hebert ◽  
Benjamin Wiesmair
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Perfect Match ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Identification Performance ◽  
Intraspecific Divergence

The aim of the study was to establish a nationwide barcode library for the most diverse group of Austrian Lepidoptera, the Noctuoidea, with 5 families (Erebidae, Euteliidae, Noctuidae, Nolidae, Notodontidae) and around 690 species. Altogether, 3431 DNA barcode sequences from COI gene (cytochrome c oxidase 1) belonging to 671 species were gathered, with 3223 sequences >500 bp. The intraspecific divergence with a mean of only 0.17% is low in most species whereas interspecific distances to the Nearest Neighbour are significantly higher with an average of 4.95%. Diagnostic DNA barcodes were obtained for 658 species. Only 13 species (1.9% of the Austrian Noctuoidea) cannot be reliably identified from their DNA barcode (Setina aurita/Setina irrorella, Conisania leineri/Conisania poelli, Photedes captiuncula/Photedes minima, Euxoa obelisca/Euxoa vitta/Euxoa tritici, Mesapamaea secalella/Mesapamea secalis, Amphipoea fucosa/Amphipoea lucens). A similarly high identification performance was achieved by the Barcode Index (BIN) system. 671 species of Austrian Noctuoidea, representing 3202 records with BINs, are assigned to a total of 678 BINs. The vast majority of 649 species is placed into a single BIN, with only 13 species recognised as BIN-sharing (including the barcode sharing species above). Twenty-one species were assigned to more than one BIN and have to be checked for cryptic diversity in the future.

Notes on the molecular taxonomy of the Proclossiana eunomia complex (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae: Argynnini): analysis of DNA barcodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Yakovlev ◽  
N. A. Shapoval ◽  
G. N. Kuftina ◽  
A. V. Kulak ◽  
S. V. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Proclossiana Eunomia

The Proclossiana eunomia (Esper, 1799) complex is currently composed of the several subspecies distributed throughout Palaearсtic region and North America. Despite the fact that some of the taxa have differences in wing pattern and body size, previous assumptions on taxonomy not supported by molecular data. Therefore, the identity of certain populations of this complex has remained unclear and the taxonomic status of several recently described taxa is debated. Here, we provide insights into systematics of some Palaearctic members of this group using molecular approach, based on the analysis of the barcoding fragment of the COI gene taking into account known morphological differences.

scholarly journals Relaxation Times in Strictly Disk Systems

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
George B. Rybicki
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Galactic Structure ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Vlasov Limit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gravitating Systems

AbstractIt is shown that the time of relaxation by particle encounters of self-gravitating systems in the plane interacting by 1/r2 forces is of the same order of magnitude as the mean orbit time. Therefore such a system does not have a Vlasov limit for large numbers of particles, unless appeal is made to some non-zero thickness of the disk. The relevance of this result to numerical experiments on galactic structure is discussed.

Pattern of plasma progesterone, oestradiol-17β, luteinizing hormone and androgen in non-pregnant buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Arora ◽  
R. S. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Androgen Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Domestic buffaloes were used to characterize the pattern of progesterone, oestradiol-17β, LH and androgen in the systemic circulation following infertile insemination. Concentrations of hormones were measured by RIA in blood samples collected daily or at alternate days following insemination. The concentration of progesterone was lowest on the day of insemination, and increased significantly to a peak level of 4.00 ± 0.60 ng/ml by day 13 post insemination. After day 17, it declined significantly (P < 0.01) to reach low levels by day 21. The concentration of oestradiol-17β was high at the time of insemination and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 2 after insemination. It was maintained around the basal level till day 18 with minor peaks in between this period. It again rose significantly (P < 0.01) at subsequent oestrus. The mean level of LH was highest at the time of insemination, and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 1 post insemination. It did not vary appreciably till the animal returned to oestrus. The oestrous value of LH and progesterone were negatively correlated (r = −0.77). The androgen level was observed to be high at insemination in 3 out of 5 animals, but the overall pattern of this steroid was inconsistent during the period studied. A high concentration of androgen was recorded in all the animals from day 2–5 before the onset of oestrus.

scholarly journals Evaluating the role of contracting and expanding rainforest in initiating cycles of speciation across the Isthmus of Panama

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1742) ◽  
pp. 3520-3526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Tilston Smith ◽  
Amei Amei ◽  
John Klicka
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

Climatic and geological changes across time are presumed to have shaped the rich biodiversity of tropical regions. However, the impact climatic drying and subsequent tropical rainforest contraction had on speciation has been controversial because of inconsistent palaeoecological and genetic data. Despite the strong interest in examining the role of climatic change on speciation in the Neotropics there has been few comparative studies, particularly, those that include non-rainforest taxa. We used bird species that inhabit humid or dry habitats that dispersed across the Panamanian Isthmus to characterize temporal and spatial patterns of speciation across this barrier. Here, we show that these two assemblages of birds exhibit temporally different speciation time patterns that supports multiple cycles of speciation. Evidence for these cycles is further corroborated by the finding that both assemblages consist of ‘young’ and ‘old’ species, despite dry habitat species pairs being geographically more distant than pairs of humid habitat species. The matrix of humid and dry habitats in the tropics not only allows for the maintenance of high species richness, but additionally this study suggests that these environments may have promoted speciation. We conclude that differentially expanding and contracting distributions of dry and humid habitats was probably an important contributor to speciation in the tropics.

scholarly journals Using the SWEPT Methodology for a Preliminary Wind Potential Estimation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Menet
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Rayleigh Distribution ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Wind Potential ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
General Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Site

The implantation of wind turbines generally follows a wind potential study which is made using specific numerical tools; the generated expenses are only acceptable for great projects. The purpose of the present paper is to propose a simplified methodology for the evaluation of the wind potential, following three successive steps for the determination of (i) the mean velocity, either directly or by the use of the most occurrence velocity (MOV); (ii) the velocity distribution coming from the single knowledge of the mean velocity by the use of a Rayleigh distribution and a Davenport-Harris law; (iii) an appropriate approximation of the characteristic curve of the turbine, coming from only two technical data. These last two steps allow calculating directly the electric delivered energy for the considered wind turbine. This methodology, called the SWEPT approach, can be easily implemented in a single worksheet. The results returned by the SWEPT tool are of the same order of magnitude than those given by the classical commercial tools. Moreover, everybody, even a “neophyte,” can use this methodology to obtain a first estimation of the wind potential of a site considering a given wind turbine, on the basis of very few general data.

Infrared spectra, rotational correlation functions, and intermolecular mean squared torques in compressed gaseous methane

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1331-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Armstrong ◽  
S. M. Blumenfeld ◽  
C. G. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Dominant Contribution ◽  
Dispersion Interactions ◽  
Fundamental Vibration ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vibration Rotation ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Rotational Correlation

Extensive measurements of the methane ν3 and ν4 fundamental vibration–rotation bands in CH4–He mixtures and the ν3 band in CH4–He, CH4–N2, and CD4–He mixtures have been carried out in infrared absorption at 295 °K to pressures of 3000 atm. Some profiles of the ν3 band in CH4–Ar mixtures and in pure CH4 have also been obtained. Rotational correlation functions, band moments, and intermolecular mean squared torques have been determined from the ν3 band profiles. Theoretical calculations of the mean squared torque due to anisotropic multipolar, induction and dispersion interactions have been carried out. The theoretical and experimental torques are in order-of-magnitude agreement for the CH4–N2 and CH4–CH4 systems; for CH4–He, CD4–He, and CH4–Ar the theoretical values are two to three orders of magnitude too small to account for the experimental values, indicating that in these cases the dominant contribution to the torques is given by the anisotropic overlap forces.

DNA barcodes provide evidence for the independent origin of the cultivated silkworms Samia ricini and Samia cynthia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
J.-C. Huang ◽  
X.-Y. Li ◽  
Y.-P. Li ◽  
R.-S. Zhang ◽  
D.-B. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework

Samia ricini (Wm. Jones) and Samia cynthia (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) have been used as traditional sources of food as well as silk-producing insects. However, the phylogenetic relationship between the two silkworms remains to be addressed. In this study, the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences corresponding to DNA barcodes from 13 Samia species were analysed, and a DNA barcode-based phylogenetic framework for these Samia species was provided. Phylogenetic analysis showed that multiple individuals of a species could be clustered together. Our analysis revealed a close relationship among Samia yayukae Paukstadt, Peigler and Paukstadt, Samia abrerai Naumann and Peigler, Samia kohlli Naumann and Peigler, Samia naessigi Naumann and Peigler, Samia naumanni Paukstadt, Peigler and Paukstadt, and Samia kalimantanensis Paukstadt and Paukstadt. The mixed clustering relationship and low Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) genetic distance (0.006) between individuals of S. ricini and Samia canningi (Hutton) indicated that the cultivated silkworm S. ricini was derived from the non-cultivated silkworm S. canningi. The remote phylogenetic relationship and high K2P genetic distance (0.039) indicated that S. ricini and S. cynthia are distinct species, thus providing solid molecular evidence that they had entirely independent origins. The relationships between S. kalimantanensis and S. naumanni and between S. cynthia and Samia wangi Naumann and Peigler, as well as the potential cryptic species within S. abrerai were also discussed. This is the first study to assess the DNA barcodes of the genus Samia, which supplements the knowledge of species identification and provides the first molecular phylogenetic framework for Samia species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document