scholarly journals Distribution and current conservation status of the Mexican Goodeidae (Actinopterygii, Cyprinodontiformes)

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 885 ◽  
pp. 115-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lyons ◽  
Kyle R. Piller ◽  
Juan Miguel Artigas-Azas ◽  
Omar Dominguez-Dominguez ◽  
Pablo Gesundheit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Many

The current distribution and abundance of the 40 species of Goodeidae fishes known from Mexico are described, and a total of 84 Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) is designated within these species. Two species and four ESUs are likely extinct with no captive populations, and three species and eight ESUs are probably extinct in the wild but have at least one captive population in Mexico, the United States, or Europe. Of the 35 extant species, the analyses indicate that nine should be considered as critically endangered, 14 as endangered, nine as vulnerable, and only three as least concern. Twenty-seven of these species have experienced substantial declines in distribution or abundance or both since 2000, and only eight appear to have remained relatively stable. Of the 72 extant ESUs, our analyses indicate that 29 should be considered as critically endangered, 21 as endangered, 18 as vulnerable, and only four as least concern. Brief summaries of the historic and current distributions and abundance of each species are provided, as well as ESU. Three strategies are recommended to conserve Mexican goodeids: protect the best-quality remaining habitats where goodeids still persist, restore degraded habitat and re-introduce species or ESUs where practical, and establish captive populations to ensure continued survival of the many species and ESUs that will almost inevitably go extinct in the coming years. Limited resources require cooperation and collaboration between scientists, conservationists, and aquarium hobbyists for successful captive maintenance.

scholarly journals Distribution, status, and conservation of Camellia changii Ye (Theaceae), a Critically Endangered plant endemic to southern China

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Ren ◽  
Shuguang Jian ◽  
Yongju Chen ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Qianmei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Flowering Rate ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractThe distribution of the endemic threatened plant Camellia changii Ye (Family Theaceae) is restricted to a small area in southern China, and little else is known about its status in the wild. To provide information for the conservation of C. changii we investigated its distribution, population size and structure, and habitat, and assessed its conservation status. Surveys confirmed that the species grows in a narrow band along both sides of a 4 km long segment of a stream in Ehuangzhang Nature Reserve, under the discontinuous canopy of a secondary evergreen broadleaved forest on well-drained, acidic sandy loam soil. We found a total of 1,039 individuals of C. changii. The population has a high flowering rate but a low seed-setting rate. The population appears to be in decline because no seedlings and few young plants were evident. Our findings indicate that C. changii should be categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. We have recommended an integrated species-conservation plan for the species that includes patrolling the Ehuangzhang Nature Reserve to prevent plant removal, establishing an ex situ living collection that contains the entire wild genetic diversity (accomplished by grafting of short cuttings from all wild individuals), facilitating propagation for commercial use, and implementing reintroduction to augment the wild population.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Detection of an Imperiled and Cryptic Species

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
John A. Crawford ◽  
Michael J. Dreslik ◽  
Sarah J. Baker ◽  
Christopher A. Phillips ◽  
William E. Peterman
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Search Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Use Of Resources

Population surveying and monitoring are important for identifying conservation needs and tracking trends in populations, communities, and ecosystems over time and laying the groundwork for conservation management and policy decisions. If species or populations go undetected because of inadequate effort or sampling design, protection and management cannot be properly provided. Due to the widespread loss of populations, the Eastern Massasauga (a rattlesnake) was recently listed as a federally threatened species in the United States; it is also listed as threatened in Canada. Given its current conservation status, there is considerable interest at state and federal levels in determining how to best survey for Eastern Massasaugas to aid in management decisions. Using a 16-year dataset, we examined the relationships among environmental, temporal, area, management, and search effort factors on the detection probability of Eastern Massasaugas. We found that four abiotic parameters (solar irradiance, shaded air temperature, three-day maximum air temperature, and humidity) and three search parameters (effort per researcher, search area, and search time of day) influenced detection of Eastern Massasaugas. As the current biodiversity crisis continues, the cost-effective use of resources and scientific expertise will continue to increase in importance. We hope our results stimulate similar analyses in other taxa, which will be critical for designing and implementing regional survey and monitoring programs.

scholarly journals Two new Critically Endangered species of Ditassa (Apocynaceae) from the threatened cangas of the Iron Quadrangle, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-256
Author(s):  
Cássia Bitencourt ◽  
Moabe Ferreira Fernandes ◽  
Fábio Da Silva do Espírito Santo ◽  
Alessandro Rapini
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Iron Quadrangle ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Impact

Background and aims – Vegetation on ironstone outcrops is highly threatened, particularly due to the impact of mining. In this study, two new species of Ditassa (Metastelmatinae, Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) from the cangas of the Iron Quadrangle (Minas Gerais, Brazil) are described and illustrated, and their conservation status is discussed.Material and methods – Species recognition is based on a morphological and molecular study of recent and historical collections, including a survey of the main herbaria of Brazil, Europe and the United States. Conservation status assessments are based on the evaluation of areas of occupancy and the impact of iron mining in the region.Key results – The two new species are morphologically similar to species in the “Hemipogon from the Espinhaço” clade, which includes Morilloa. Nevertheless, they exhibit flowers with a double corona and are described in Ditassa here, following preliminary phylogenetic analyses with 73 plastid-coding regions. These species are known from only two highly disturbed locations each and are Critically Endangered. A key to identify the 14 species of Metastelmatinae currently recorded in cangas of the Iron Quadrangle is provided.Conclusion – The Critically Endangered Ditassa cangae and D. ferricola are examples of poorly known, nearly extinct species under strong anthropogenic pressure caused by intense mining activities and the lack of adequate legislation for the protection of canga landscapes.

scholarly journals Getting off to a good start? Genetic evaluation of the ex situ conservation project of the Critically Endangered Montseny brook newt (Calotriton arnoldi)

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Valbuena-Ureña ◽  
Anna Soler-Membrives ◽  
Sebastian Steinfartz ◽  
Mònica Alonso ◽  
Francesc Carbonell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
In The Wild

Ex situ management strategies play an important role in the conservation of threatened species when the wild survival of the species cannot be ensured. Molecular markers have become an outstanding tool for the evaluation and management of captive breeding programs. Two main genetic objectives should be prioritized when planning breeding programs: the maintenance of maximum neutral genetic diversity, and to obtain “self-sustaining” captive populations. In this study, we use 24 microsatellite loci to analyze and evaluate the genetic representativity of the initial phases of the captive breeding program of the Montseny brook newt, Calotriton arnoldi, an Iberian endemic listed as Critically Endangered. The results show that the initial captive stock has 74–78% of the alleles present in the wild populations, and captures roughly 93–95% of their total genetic diversity as observed in a previous study on wild newts, although it does not reach the desired 97.5%. Moreover, the percentage of unrelatedness among individuals does not exceed 95%. Therefore, we conclude that the genetic diversity of the captive stock should be improved by incorporating genetic material from unrelated wild newts. In recognition of the previously described significant genetic and morphological differentiation between eastern and western wild populations of C. arnoldi, we suggest maintaining two distinct breeding lines, and we do not recommend outbreeding between these lines. Our comparisons of genetic diversity estimates between real and distinct sample-sized simulated populations corroborated that a minimum of 20 individuals are needed for each captive population, in order to match the level of genetic diversity present in the wild populations. Thus, the current initial stock should be reinforced by adding wild specimens. The captive stock and subsequent cohorts should be monitored in order to preserve genetic variation. In order to avoid genetic adaptation to captivity, occasionally incorporating previously genotyped individuals from the wild into the captive populations is recommended.

The behaviour and environmental enrichment of captive mahogany gliders (Petaurus gracilis)

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Muller ◽  
Traza J. Ensabella ◽  
Rosie Booth ◽  
Stephen D. Johnston ◽  
Clive J. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Enrichment Programs ◽  
Active Time ◽  
Nest Box ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
First Time

The mahogany glider is an endangered native marsupial of northern Queensland, Australia. A captive population of seven females and three males was established under a recovery plan for this species to provide progeny for release into the wild. This study aimed to investigate the behaviour of mixed-sex and all-female pairs in this population and determine whether behaviour useful for survival in the wild could be stimulated by environmental-enrichment programs. Gliders spent 56% of their time in their nest box and were essentially nocturnal, except for emerging at 1300 hours when food was offered. They were unresponsive to enrichment programs designed to encourage climbing and play, but increased foraging in response to enrichments designed to stimulate feeding behaviour and increase safety from predators. Females kept in same-sex pairs spent more time climbing than those in mixed-sex pairs. In the latter, males spent more time than females stationary and staring, suggesting vigilance, with less active time outside the nest box. Paternal nurturing behaviour was observed for the first time in this species, and this suggests a dominant caring role for males in this species. Copulation was also observed for the first time, but there was no evidence of courtship. It is concluded that the enrichments designed to stimulate foraging activity were successful, and that males played a major role in the rearing of young in this species, which needs to be recognised in managing captive populations.

scholarly journals Iran’s roads: mitigating the most serious threat to the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah Acinonyx jubatus venaticus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamshid Parchizadeh ◽  
Maria Gatta ◽  
Roberta Bencini ◽  
Ali Turk Qashqaei ◽  
Mohammad Ali Adibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Acinonyx Jubatus ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Crossing Structures ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
High Level

AbstractWildlife-vehicle collisions are an important cause of mortality for many species, and the number of collisions is expected to grow rapidly as the global road network quickly expands over the next few decades. Wildlife-vehicle collisions also have the potential to be extremely detrimental to small wildlife populations, such as the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus), with only 43 individuals remaining in the wild. We assessed the spatial distribution of road mortalities between 2004 and 2016 to identify roadkill hotspots involving Asiatic cheetahs in Iran using network kernel density estimation. A total of sixteen cheetah fatalities due to wildlife-vehicle collisions were recorded, and we identified six road fragments as roadkill hotspots. Efforts to reduce wildlife-cheetah collisions should be targeted in the densest hotspots. We review the options available to achieve this, and we recommend a strategic shift away from the ineffective warning signage currently used, and instead suggest adopting an evidence-based approach focusing on installing wildlife crossing structures in conjunction with fencing in roadkill hotspots. These measures will help to enhance the conservation status of the Asiatic cheetah, as the current high level of mortality of Asiatic cheetahs on Iran’s roads could have potentially dramatic impacts on this critically endangered subspecies.

scholarly journals Range extension of the poorly known and Critically Endangered freshwater snail, Heleobia transitoria (Biese, 1947) (Gastropoda, Cochliopidae), in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile

Check List ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-792
Author(s):  
Gonzalo A. Collado ◽  
Carmen Gloria Fuentealba
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Current Conservation

The range distribution of Heleobia transitoria (Biese, 1947) is confined only to its type locality, Quebrada Cachina, a ravine located on the Atacama Desert coast in the Antofagasta Region, northern Chile. The species is classified as “En Peligro Crítico” according to Ministry of the Environment of Chile, a category equivalent to Critically Endangered (CR) of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, in part for its restricted distribution. This paper reports the occurrence of H. transitoria in the Atacama Region, Chile, after the study of morphological characters using light and scanning electron microscopy. This new record highlights considering the limited distribution and current conservation status of the species.

Applying the Devil's Works in a Holy Cause: Working-Class Popular Culture and the Salvation Army in the United States, 1879-1900

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-223
Author(s):  
Lillian Taiz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Salvation Army ◽  
Public Meeting ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sunday Evening

Forty-eight hours after they landed in New York City in 1880, a small contingent of the Salvation Army held their first public meeting at the infamous Harry Hill's Variety Theater. The enterprising Hill, alerted to the group's arrival from Britain by newspaper reports, contacted their leader, Commissioner George Scott Railton, and offered to pay the group to “do a turn” for “an hour or two on … Sunday evening.” In nineteenth-century New York City, Harry Hill's was one of the best known concert saloons, and reformers considered him “among the disreputable classes” of that city. His saloon, they said, was “nothing more than one of the many gates to hell.”

The rediscovery of the Southern Swallowtail (Papilio alexanor Esper, 1799) in Bosnia & Herzegovina after 50 years of absence

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Toni Koren ◽  
Matea Martinović
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Recent Observation ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Red List ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Larval Host

The caterpillars of the Southern Swallowtail, Papilio alexanor have been recorded in the vicinity of Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina. This is the first recent observation of this species in the country and the third observation so far. Opopanax chironium is confirmed as the larval host plant in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was expected due to the recent observations from Croatia. Its status and distribution in the country are still not clear, and further surveys are recommended in order to reconfirm the historical records as well as to assess its current conservation status. Due to the limited extent of its occurrence, we propose to include it in the Red list of fauna of Bosnia & Herzegovina as Vulnerable (VU).

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