scholarly journals The diversity of the Baikal lineage of Hydra oligactis Pallas, 1766: molecular and morphological evidence

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 912 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tatiana E. Peretolchina ◽  
Igor V. Khanaev ◽  
Ilya V. Enushchenko ◽  
Dmitry Y. Sherbakov ◽  
Lyubov S. Kravtsova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Approach

In this paper, molecular analyses of Baikal hydras from the ‘oligactis group’, based on COI and ITS1–5.8S–ITS2, and morphological analysis of their holotrichous isorhizas, were performed. Low genetic diversity and shared haplotypes were found between Hydra oligactis Pallas, 1766 and Hydra baikalensis Swarczewsky, 1923 specimens, which is evidence of the mixing of these lineages. Genetic distances among all Baikal hydras (0.006) were less than the interspecific distances of other hydras. The size of hydras and proportions of their holotrichous isorhizas varied depending on microhabitat and environmental conditions. Our combined molecular and morphological approach proves that H. baikalensis is synonymous with H. oligactis

Genetic diversity analysis of the Greek lentil (Lens culinaris) landrace ‘Eglouvis’ using morphological and molecular markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios F. Tsanakas ◽  
Photini V. Mylona ◽  
Katerina Koura ◽  
Anthoula Gleridou ◽  
Alexios N. Polidoros
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates

AbstractThe Greek lentil landrace ‘Eglouvis’ is cultivated continuously at the Lefkada island for more than 400 years. It has great taste, high nutritional value and high market price. In the present study, we used morphological and molecular markers to estimate genetic diversity within the landrace. Morphological analysis was based on characteristics of the seed. Molecular analysis was performed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers in a high-resolution melting (HRM) approach. ‘Samos’ and ‘Demetra’, two of the most widely cultivated commercial lentil varieties in Greece, were used for comparisons. Morphological analysis was performed with 584 seeds randomly selected from a lot. Analysis of seed dimensions and colour distributed the samples in different categories and highlighted the phenotypic variability in ‘Eglouvis’ lentil seeds. Genetic variability was estimated from 91 individual DNA samples with 11 SSR markers using HRM analysis. Genotyping was based upon the shape of the melting curves and the difference plots; all polymerase chain reaction products were also run on agarose gels. Genetic distances of individuals and principal coordinates analysis suggested that ‘Eglouvis’ landrace has a unique genetic background that significantly differs from ‘Samos’ and ‘Demetra’ and no overlapping could be detected. Genetic variability within the ‘Eglouvis’ landrace can be considered in targeted breeding programs as a significant phytogenetic resource of lentils in Greece.

scholarly journals The Associations ofLeishmania majorandLeishmania tropicaAspects by Focusing Their Morphological and Molecular Features on Clinical Appearances in Khuzestan Province, Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Spotin ◽  
Soheila Rouhani ◽  
Parviz Parvizi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Ocular Micrometer ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Genetic Characters

Cutaneous leishmaniasis has various phenotypic aspects consisting of polymorphic amastigotes with different genetic ranges. Samples were collected from suspected patients of Khuzestan province. Prepared smears were stained, scaled, and measured using ocular micrometer. The Cytb, ITS-rDNA, and microsatellite genes ofLeishmaniawere amplified andLeishmaniaspecies were identified by molecular analyses. Of 150 examined suspected patients, 102 were identified toLeishmaniaspecies (90L. major, nineL. tropica, and three unidentified). The amastigotes of 90L. majorhad regular and different irregular shapes within three clinical lesions with no and/or low genetic diversity. Three haplotypes of CytbofL. majorwere found but no variation was observed using ITS-rDNA gene. Interesting findings were that all nineL. tropicahad regular amastigote shapes with more genetic variations, also a patient which had coinfection ofL. major,L. tropica, andCrithidia.At least twoL. majorandL. tropicawere identified in suspected patients of the regions. Different irregular amastigotes’ shapes ofL. majorcan be explained by various reservoir hosts and vectors. In contrast, more molecular variations inL. tropicacould be justified by genetic characters. UnidentifiedLeishmaniacould be mixed pathogens or nonpathogens with mammals’LeishmaniaorCrithidia.

Genetic Variation in Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Horak ◽  
Jodie S. Holt ◽  
Norman C. Ellstrand
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Starch Gel

Genetic diversity within and among populations of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES) was analyzed to evaluate and quantify the genetic consequences of the reported predominance of asexually-produced tubers as colonizing agents. Ten populations were examined using starch gel electrophoresis for allozyme analysis. Four populations of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL. # CYPRO) were surveyed for comparison. Twelve loci were identified in yellow nutsedge among the eight enzyme systems examined; ten of these loci were found in purple nutsedge. Yellow nutsedge showed relatively low genetic diversity. Most of the genetic diversity occurred as differences among individuals within populations (Hs), compared to differences among populations (Dst) for the four variable loci identified in this species. Thus, most genetic distancesbetween its populations were small. Generally, only a few genotypes occurred within each population. Purple nutsedge was found to possess even lower within- and among-population gene and genotypic diversity. This study supports the view that tubers account for most of the establishment of new populations of both species.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Antifungal Susceptibility of Major Pathogenic Dermatophytes Isolated From Human Dermatophytosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Salehi ◽  
Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi ◽  
Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Mlst Scheme ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Starting Point

BackgroundDermatophytes are a homogeneous group of species with low genetic diversity, and there are still many uncertainties about the boundaries among species.ObjectivesAiming at clarifying the relationships among species in the genus and introducing suitable genes for multilocus sequence typing (MLST), a new MLST scheme approach was developed to characterize the major pathogenic dermatophytes.MethodsWe performed maximum parsimony (MP), MrBayes, RAxML, and eBURST analyses, based on the MLST scheme to scrutinize the evolution within 95 clinical isolates and four reference strains belonging to the four major dermatophytes species. Then, the discriminatory power, pairwise genetic distances, ratio dN/dS, and sequence types (STs) of these isolates were determined. Also, to study taxonomy, sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), Beta-tubulin (BT2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF-1α) genes of other dermatophytes species available in the GenBank were analyzed.ResultsFindings of the present study indicated that three genes: BT2, ITS, and TEF−1α, which showed the greatest diversity among dermatophyte species, were suitable for MLST. The most prevalent STs were seen among the species of Trichophyton interdigitale. Also, two new genotypes, i.e., XXVII and XXVIII, were introduced for T. interdigitale and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The least informative sites were found in Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, and T. mentagrophytes, while the most informative sites were observed in T. interdigitale. Furthermore, the most informative locus was TEF-1α. The phylogenetic tree, constructed by the combination of the three genes, shows a new topological pattern that confirms the derivation of the anthropophilic and zoophilic genera from the geophilic genus. Also, the phylogenetic analyses and pairwise distances of the combination of the three loci showed that Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton equinum were a species complex, where T. equinum is derived from T. tonsurans.ConclusionsResults of this study showed that MLST is very effective in determining the boundaries between species and taxonomy. Considering that there is no database for MLST dermatophytes, further studies are needed to determine the suitable genes for MLST. Also, the determination of STs in epidemiological studies and raising epidemiological information are helpful. This study was a new starting point to determine the ST and a foundation for a dermatophyte MLST database.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity on a sample of cocoa accessions resistant to witches' broom disease based on RAPD and pedigree data

Bragantia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Carvalho dos Santos ◽  
José Luís Pires ◽  
Uilson Vanderley Lopes ◽  
Karina Peres G. Gramacho ◽  
Acassi Batista Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Pedigree Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Parentage ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Broom Disease ◽  
Different Sources

Genetic diversity in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) has been assessed based on morphological and molecular markers for germplasm management and breeding purposes. Pedigree data is available in cocoa but it has not been used for assessing genetic relatedness. The geneitic diversity of 30 clonal cocoa accessions resistant to witche´ broom disease, from the CEPEC series, were studied on the basis of RAPD data and pedigree information. Twenty of these accessions descend from the TSA-644 clone, originated from a cross between the Upper Amazon germplasm called Scavina-6, the main source of resistance to witches' broom disease, and IMC-67. The ten remaining clones come from different sources including Amazon and Trinitario germplasm. RAPD data was collected using 16 primers and pedigree information was obtained from the International Cocoa Germplasm Database. Genetic similarities, genetic distances and coefficient of parentage were calculated using available software. Relatively low genetic diversity was observed in this germplasm set, probably because of great genetic relatedness amongst accessions studied and the poor representation of the germplasm. The TSA-644 descendants were more diverse than the other accessions used in the study. This might be due to the origin of the TSA clone, which was derived from highly divergent genotypes. Association between genetic similarities based on RAPD data and coefficient of parentage, based on pedigree data, was very low, probably due to the homogeneity of the breeding stocks and poor pedigree information. These findings are useful to cocoa breeders in planning crosses for the development of hybrid and clonal cultivars.

scholarly journals Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of the Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Cunila spicata Benth. (Lamiaceae) Based on Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 652-658
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Longaray Delamare ◽  
Sergio Echeverrigaray ◽  
Marcos Albuquerque ◽  
Jucimar Zacaria
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
South Brazil

Cunila spicata is an endangered aromatic and medicinal plant of South Brazil. In the present paper, the ISSR technique was employed to study the intra- and inter-population genetic diversity of this species. Nine primers generated a total of 109 amplification products, most of which were polymorphics. Low genetic diversity at population level (HE= 0.053) and species level (HT=0.196), and high differentiation among populations (GST= 0.727) were detected in C. spicata. The genetic diversity, low estimated genetic flow and absence of correlation between genetic distances, geographic distances and chemical composition, indicates that genetic drift and inbreeding may be the main factors involved in the genetic structure of C. spicata. Based on these findings, strategies are proposed for the genetic conservation and management of this species. 

The Response to Past Climate Perturbations Explains Extremely Low Genetic Diversity in the Genome of an Abundant Ice-Age Remnant, the Alpine Marmot

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni I. Gossmann​ ◽  
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram​ ◽  
Stefan Börno ◽  
Ludovic Duvaux ◽  
Christophe Lemaire​ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Past Climate ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Alpine Marmot

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Among Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes by SSR Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6830
Author(s):  
Murat Guney ◽  
Salih Kafkas ◽  
Hakan Keles ◽  
Mozhgan Zarifikhosroshahi ◽  
Muhammet Ali Gundesli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Principal Coordinates

The food needs for increasing population, climatic changes, urbanization and industrialization, along with the destruction of forests, are the main challenges of modern life. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate plant genetic resources in order to cope with these problems. Therefore, in this study, a set of ninety-one walnut (Juglans regia L.) accessions from Central Anatolia region, composed of seventy-four accessions and eight commercial cultivars from Turkey, and nine international reference cultivars, was analyzed using 45 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) markers to reveal the genetic diversity. SSR analysis identified 390 alleles for 91 accessions. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 19 alleles with a mean value of 9 alleles per locus. Genetic dissimilarity coefficients ranged from 0.03 to 0.68. The highest number of alleles was obtained from CUJRA212 locus (Na = 19). The values of polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.42 (JRHR222528) to 0.86 (CUJRA212) with a mean PIC value of 0.68. Genetic distances were estimated according to the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average), Principal Coordinates (PCoA), and the Structure-based clustering. The UPGMA and Structure clustering of the accessions depicted five major clusters supporting the PCoA results. The dendrogram revealed the similarities and dissimilarities among the accessions by identifying five major clusters. Based on this study, SSR analyses indicate that Yozgat province has an important genetic diversity pool and rich genetic variance of walnuts.

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