scholarly journals Redescription of Ventania avellanedae (Stylommatophora: Odontostomidae), a land snail endemic to the Ventania Mountain System, Argentina

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Julia Pizá ◽  
Néstor J. Cazzaniga ◽  
Natalia S. Ghezzi
Keyword(s):  
Land Snail ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Bursa Copulatrix ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Mountain System ◽  
First Time

Although the presence of apertural folds and lamellae is the most recognizable character of the Odontostomidae, some species lack them, mostly in Anctus Martens, 1860, Bahiensis Jousseaume, 1877 and Moricandia Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1898. Eudioptusavellanedae Doering, 1881 – a slender odontostomid species that lacks even the slightest trace of folds or lamellae in its shell aperture – was however transferred to Odontostomus by Pilsbry in 1902 on the basis of its building forward of the aperture-margins. It is currently placed in its own monotypic subgenus, Cyclodontina (Ventania) Parodiz, 1940, on the basis of about the same argument. In this paper we redescribe its shell morphology and, for the first time, describe the internal anatomy of the pallial complex and the reproductive and digestive systems. The presence of a spongy gland in the pallial complex; of a short penis sheath with no retractor muscle; of a bursa copulatrix duct longer than spermoviduct, and of an epiphallic gland strongly support the inclusion of this unusual species in Odontostomidae. The species is diagnosable by the sculpture of the protoconch, which is not smooth as previously described, but has waved axial ribs crossed by spiral lines in young specimens; the distinctive external and internal shape of the bursa copulatrix duct; the internal penis wall divided in three regions of different sculpture; the smooth inner wall of the vagina; the long and cylindrical epiphallus with a distal widening indicating the presence of an epiphallic gland, and the penis retractor muscle inserted in the distal end of a short flagellum. These characters support the validity of Ventania Parodiz, 1940, different from Cyclodontina Beck, 1837.

scholarly journals The first proven oxychilid land snail endemic to China (Eupulmonata, Gastrodontoidea)

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 33-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wu ◽  
Zhengping Liu
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Diagnostic Traits

A new and the first proven oxychilid species endemic to China is reported from Sichuan Province. Sinoxychilusgen. nov. is established based on this new species and has diagnostic traits of the sculptured protoconch, partial epiphallus wrapped by developed penis sheath, penial retractor muscle inserting on the top of penial caecum, spinelets on penial pilasters, absence of epiphallic papilla and perivaginal gland present on vagina and proximal bursa copulatrix duct. In light of shell morphology and through geometric morphometric analyses, Zonites scrobiculatus scrobiculatus Gredler and Z. scrobiculatus hupeina Gredler are proposed to be included in the new genus. A phylogenetic inference based on ITS2 gene indicates that the new genus is systematically close to Oxychilus Fitzinger, which is known from the Western Palearctic and the Southwestern Arabian Peninsula, regions that are geographically far from the distribution range of the new genus.

The anatomy and Physiology of the morabine grasshoppers III. Muscles, nerves, tracheae and genitalia

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Blackith ◽  
RM Blackith
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Ganglion ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Bursa Copulatrix ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
The Third ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
Alary Muscles

Morabine grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Eumastacidae) are apterous and elongate. These features entrain certain changes in the internal anatomy, compared with that of the generally more robust Acrididae. These changes include greatly developed lateral muscles of the abdomen, and modifications of the antenna1 musculature. Changes of more systematic interest include the retention of the primitive median retractor muscle of the labium, the full 12 pairs of alary muscles, and a different arrangement of the muscles of the rectum and anus, and of the phallic complex. Comparisons were made with an elongate acridid, a robust and an elongate pyrgomorphid, and with a description of the musculature of a proscopiid. Only one abdominal ganglion is wholly fused to the third thoracic ganglion. The tracheal system expands into air-sacs more frequently than does that of acridids, and the dorsal elements in thorax and abdomen are poorly developed. The anatomy and musculature of the male genitalia are figured, with notes on the inter-relation of the male and female genitalia during copulation. No true spermatophore is formed, and sperm is delivered directly to the bursa copulatrix and not to the spermathecal duct.

Testing evolutionary constraint hypotheses with early Paleozoic gastropods

Paleobiology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Evolutionary Constraint ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Phylogenetic Constraints ◽  
And Function ◽  
Over Time

The evolution of higher taxa among early Paleozoic gastropods is similar to that among early metazoans as a whole, as higher taxa diversified rapidly and early. There are two issues pertinent to this pattern. First, were greater morphologic changes concentrated in the early phases of evolution? Second, does the pattern better fit models of increasing phylogenetic constraints or increasing ecologic restrictions? This paper presents a phylogeny-based method designed to test whether amounts of morphologic evolution decreased over time. It also explores whether the data better fits models of increasing phylogenetic (i.e., developmental or genetic) constraint or increasing ecologic restriction. Two metrics of morphologic separation (i.e., the morphologic difference between sister-species) are used: (1) Euclidean distance in morphospace and (2) transition magnitude. The latter metric is calculated by a multivariate analysis of sister-species contrasts, which determines both types and magnitudes of morphologic transitions. The advantage of using transition magnitudes is that it balances the effects of transitions that either affect more morphometric characters or occur more frequently. Both metrics indicate that larger morphologic separations between sister-species were concentrated early in gastropod evolution. Among gastropods, gross shell morphology often reflects basic trophic strategy and function whereas basic internal anatomy does not. Transition magnitudes can be broken down into transitions associated with differences in basic trophic strategies and shell functional biology (“external”), and those associated with differences in basic internal anatomy (“internal”). Internal transition magnitudes show a highly significant decrease over time (p < 10–04) whereas external transition magnitudes show a much less significant decrease over time (p < 0.10) and no significant decrease after the earliest Ordovician (p ≅ 0.50). The results therefore suggest that increasing phylogenetic constraints played a greater role in the early evolution of gastropods than did increasing ecologic ones.

scholarly journals On the distribution and ecology of a rare land snail, Eostrobilops coreana (Pilsbry, 1927) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Strobilopsidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
Larisa A. Prozorova
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
First Time

Представлены подробные сведения о четырех местонахождения редкой наземной улитки Eostrobilops coreana (Pilsbry, 1927) на Корейском полуострове и трех в Приморском крае. Впервые показан кальцифильный характер вида. Новое местонахождение вида на п-ове Песчаный (административная территория Владивостока) является наиболее северной точкой распространения рода Eostrobilops Pilsbry, 1927. Ключевые слова: наземные улитки, редкие виды, Приморский край, Красные книги, смешанный хвойно-широколиственный лес, известняки, кальцифильные виды. Data on four localities of the Eostrobilops coreana (Pilsbry, 1927) on Korean Peninsula and Primorye Territory (Russia) are presented. For the first time, calcyphile character of the species is demonstrated. A new revealed site of the species at the Peschany Peninsula (Vladivostok administrative territory) is the most northern locality of the genus Eostrobilops Pilsbry, 1927. Key words: land snails, rare species, Primorye Territory, Red Data Books, mixed coniferous-broadleaved forest, limestone, calcyphile species.

scholarly journals First record of the land operculate snail Cyclophorus pfeifferi Reeve, 1861 (Mollusca, Cyclophoroidea, Cyclophoridae) from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Sheikh Sajan ◽  
Deepti Kumari ◽  
Sonam Jahan ◽  
Arghya Chakrabarty ◽  
Sandeep Kushwaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
East Asian ◽  
First Record ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
Dispersal Abilities ◽  
First Time

Through the present manuscript, we are reporting for the first time the presence of Cyclophorus pfeifferi Reeve, 1861 in India. Previously, this species of land snail was reported only from South-East Asian countries Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. The specimens were collected during field sur- veys in Dampa Tiger Reserve in Mizoram state, India. The presence of C. pfeifferi in India reveals the range expansion and long-distance dispersal abilities of the species. Here we discuss the taxonomy, ecology and possible routes of dispersal of the species in India.

scholarly journals Some Morphological Variations in The Land Snail Monacha cantiana (Montagu,1803) within Baghdad Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Aperture Diameter ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Shell Diameter ◽  
Soil Calcium

The present work includes investigation of some features of shell morphology; shell size, shell thickness, shell colour of the land snail Monacha cantiana, in addition to the correlation between height and diameter of shell and between shell aperture diameter and shell diameter at four sites within Baghdad Province, Iraq. Also, measurements of three environmental variables were made; soil temperature, soil moisture and soil calcium content in adition to population density. Shell Aperture Index (Ia) and Shell Index (SI) for individuals from size class ranged between (9-12)mm were measured. The results showed that the deference in shell size by using (Ia) within population related to temperature, moisture and population density but, the value of Shell Index decreased in AL-Kadhimiya site (0.81-0.97) due to increase in population density. The species was characterized by shell colour variation (creamy white, white ,creamy). Also, The results showed strong and positive correlation between shell height and diameter and between shell aperture diameter and shell diameter for all size classes.

Lipid Composition and Structural Studies on Lipids from the Land Snail Eobania vermiculata

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 597-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J. Stavrakakis ◽  
Sofia K. Mastronicolis
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ethanolamine Plasmalogen ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Eobania Vermiculata ◽  
First Time

The total lipids of the commercial land snail Eobania vermiculata (Gastropoda, Pulm onata, Stylom m atophora) are found to constitute a small percentage (0.8% ) of the wet tissue, which is comparable to that reported for other gastropods. Polar lipid components comprise 61.4% of the total lipids. The individual lipid classes obtained by column chromatographic fractionation were purified by preparative TLC or by column chromatography and their structure was confirmed by a combination of chromatographic and analytical determinations before and after mild alkaline hydrolysis and/or (dry) acid methanolysis and by IR analysis. Neutral lipids represent 36.4% of total lipids, containing cholesterol, cholesterol esters and triglycerides as their major components (26.2% , 29.1% and 25.5% respectively). They contain also a significant amount (14%) of free glyceryl ethers, which are found in a mollusc for the first time. The overall composition of the polar lipids (mol/100 mol lipid-P) was found as follows: Cardiolipin, 2.9; phosphatidylethanolamine, 24.9 (of which 19.8% plasmalogen analog); phosphatidylcholine, 49.2 (of which 45.6% glycerylether analog); ceramide aminoethylphosphonate, 7.5 plus 0.01 (another three minor species); diglyceride-am noethylphosphonate, 6.3; Sphingoethanolamine 1.65 (for the first time found and structurally studied in a land gastropod); and phosphatidic acid 1.1. Unsaturated fatty acyl groups represent about 72.6 and 44.1 respectively in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. A significant amount (70.5% ) of unsaturated fatty acids is concentrated in neutral lipids. The C16:0 alk-1-enyl chain was found to predominate (55.6% ) in the side chains of ethanolamine plasmalogen. Batyl alcohol was found as the main glycerylether bound to choline phosphate (97.5% ). Saturated fatty acyl groups with 16 carbon atoms were main components (54%) of the major ceramide aminoethylphosphonate species.

scholarly journals Brachylaima spp. (Trematoda) parasitizing Cornu aspersum (Gastropoda) in France with potential risk of human consumption

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Claudia Gérard ◽  
Armelle Ansart ◽  
Nolwenn Decanter ◽  
Marie-Claire Martin ◽  
Maxime Dahirel
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Geographic Spread ◽  
Great Body ◽  
Cornu Aspersum ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
First Time

The edible land snail Cornu aspersum, native to the Mediterranean coastlines of North Africa, is widely distributed on most continents and often invasive in areas where introduction is recent. This species could contribute to the geographic spread of parasites as demonstrated for Brachylaima spp. These cosmopolitan trematodes may represent a threat to human health, like in Australia where Brachylaima cribbi infects humans. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the occurrence of Brachylaima spp. in two French populations of C. aspersum, Thorigné-Fouillard (Ille-et-Vilaine), and Arçais (Deux-Sèvres), with an overall prevalence of 10.4% (Thorigné-Fouillard) and 73.3% (Arçais), respectively and a metacercarial intensity on average three times higher in Thorigné-Fouillard (37) than in Arçais (11). Cornu aspersum may act as a first and second intermediate host, as demonstrated in Arçais. The morphometrics of metacercariae, particularly the great body length about 2 mm, discriminate our Brachylaima species from those already described in C. aspersum (B. cribbi in Australia, and B. aspersae, B. llobregatensis and B. mascomai in Europe). Molecular analysis, based on 28S and COI, suggests the occurrence of two species in our study, one of which is probably Brachylaima mesostoma, an intestinal parasite of passeriform birds described in Central Europe. We underline the need for further research to identify species of Brachylaima in France and measure the health hazard of consuming field-collected snails.

scholarly journals Macrocyclis peruvianus (Gastropoda, Acavidae), an endemic land snail from Chile

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia F. da Silva ◽  
José W. Thomé
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Shell Structure ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Terrestrial Snail ◽  
First Time

Macrocyclis peruvianus (Lamarck, 1822) is a large terrestrial snail which is endemic in Chile. A detailed description of its shell structure, jaw, radula, palial cavity and reproductive system is presented here for the first time.

A new Satsuma species (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) endemic to Taiwan

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1608 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHU-PING WU ◽  
YAO-SUNG LIN ◽  
CHUNG-CHI HWANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Large Shell ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

A new species of camaenid land snail, Satsuma longkiauwensis sp. nov. from southern Taiwan is established. This large terrestrial and herbivorous snail inhabits the lowland forests with a narrow geographical distribution. The species is characterized by having a large shell, roundly angulated peripheries adjacent to the peristome, an open umbilicus, a robust flagellum, a weak expansion on male genitalia instead of a penial caecum externally and a hemispherical verge instead of an elongated pilaster internally. A key is provided for the first time to identify camaenids from Taiwan.

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