The anatomy and Physiology of the morabine grasshoppers III. Muscles, nerves, tracheae and genitalia

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Blackith ◽  
RM Blackith
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Ganglion ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Bursa Copulatrix ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
The Third ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
Alary Muscles

Morabine grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Eumastacidae) are apterous and elongate. These features entrain certain changes in the internal anatomy, compared with that of the generally more robust Acrididae. These changes include greatly developed lateral muscles of the abdomen, and modifications of the antenna1 musculature. Changes of more systematic interest include the retention of the primitive median retractor muscle of the labium, the full 12 pairs of alary muscles, and a different arrangement of the muscles of the rectum and anus, and of the phallic complex. Comparisons were made with an elongate acridid, a robust and an elongate pyrgomorphid, and with a description of the musculature of a proscopiid. Only one abdominal ganglion is wholly fused to the third thoracic ganglion. The tracheal system expands into air-sacs more frequently than does that of acridids, and the dorsal elements in thorax and abdomen are poorly developed. The anatomy and musculature of the male genitalia are figured, with notes on the inter-relation of the male and female genitalia during copulation. No true spermatophore is formed, and sperm is delivered directly to the bursa copulatrix and not to the spermathecal duct.

The Post-embryonic Development of the Tracheal System in Drosophila melanogaster

1957 ◽  
Vol s3-98 (41) ◽  
pp. 123-150
Author(s):  
JOAN M. WHITTEN
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
True Nature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
Abdominal Region ◽  
Pupal Cuticle

The fate of the tracheal system is traced from the first larval instar to the adult stage. The basic larval pattern conforms to that shown for other Diptera Cyclorrhapha (Whitten, 1955), and is identical in all three instars. According to previous accounts the adult system directly replaces the larval: the larval system is partly shed, partly histolysed, and the adult system arises from imaginal cell clusters independently of the preceding larval system. In contrast, it is shown here that in the cephalic, thoracic, and anterior abdominal region there is a definite continuity in the tracheal system, from larval, through pupal to the adult stage, whereas in the posterior abdominal region the larval system is histolysed, and the adult system is independent of it in origin. Moreover, in the pupal stage this region is tracheated by tracheae arising from the anterior abdominal region and belonging to a distinct pupal system. Moulting of the tracheal linings is complete at the first and second larval ecdyses, but incomplete at the third larval-pupal and pupal-adult ecdyses. In consequence, in both pupal and adult systems there are tracheae which are secreted around preexisting tracheae, others formed as new ‘branch’ tracheae, and those which have been carried over from the previous instar. In the adult the newly formed tracheae of the posterior abdominal region fall into a fourth category. Most of the adult thoracic air sacs correspond to new ‘branch’ tracheae of other instars. The pre-pupal moult and instar are discussed with reference to the tracheal system and tentative suggestions are made concerning the true nature of the pre-pupal cuticle. There is no pre-pupal tracheal system. Events traced for Drosophila would seem to be general for Cyclorrhapha, both Acalypterae and Calypterae. The separate fates of the anterior and posterior abdom inal systems, in contrast with the straightforward development in Dipterc Nematocera, would appear to mark a distinct step in the evolution of the system in Diptera.

scholarly journals Redescription of Ventania avellanedae (Stylommatophora: Odontostomidae), a land snail endemic to the Ventania Mountain System, Argentina

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Julia Pizá ◽  
Néstor J. Cazzaniga ◽  
Natalia S. Ghezzi
Keyword(s):  
Land Snail ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Bursa Copulatrix ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Mountain System ◽  
First Time

Although the presence of apertural folds and lamellae is the most recognizable character of the Odontostomidae, some species lack them, mostly in Anctus Martens, 1860, Bahiensis Jousseaume, 1877 and Moricandia Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1898. Eudioptusavellanedae Doering, 1881 – a slender odontostomid species that lacks even the slightest trace of folds or lamellae in its shell aperture – was however transferred to Odontostomus by Pilsbry in 1902 on the basis of its building forward of the aperture-margins. It is currently placed in its own monotypic subgenus, Cyclodontina (Ventania) Parodiz, 1940, on the basis of about the same argument. In this paper we redescribe its shell morphology and, for the first time, describe the internal anatomy of the pallial complex and the reproductive and digestive systems. The presence of a spongy gland in the pallial complex; of a short penis sheath with no retractor muscle; of a bursa copulatrix duct longer than spermoviduct, and of an epiphallic gland strongly support the inclusion of this unusual species in Odontostomidae. The species is diagnosable by the sculpture of the protoconch, which is not smooth as previously described, but has waved axial ribs crossed by spiral lines in young specimens; the distinctive external and internal shape of the bursa copulatrix duct; the internal penis wall divided in three regions of different sculpture; the smooth inner wall of the vagina; the long and cylindrical epiphallus with a distal widening indicating the presence of an epiphallic gland, and the penis retractor muscle inserted in the distal end of a short flagellum. These characters support the validity of Ventania Parodiz, 1940, different from Cyclodontina Beck, 1837.

Quantitative Bestimmung der hydrierten Pterine und des Xanthommatins in den Augen von Ceratitis capitata WIED (Dipt. Trypetidae)

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irmgard Ziegler ◽  
M. Feron
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quantitative Bestimmung ◽  
Drastic Increase

In the eyes of male and female flies a quantitative determination of the tetrahydropterin, the corresponding dihydro-compound (Sepiapterin) and of xanthommatin from 0—5 days after hatching was made. The increase of xanthommatin almost stops 24 hours after hatching; about 13 μg are present after that time. The tetrahydropterin, after a drastic increase during the first 24 hours, remains at a level of about 1,1 — 1,2 µg. In contrast the dihydrocompound which is nearly absent at the time of hatching is deposited on the eye-granules between the third and fifth day. At that time, especially in the male the dihydropterin/tetrahydropterin ratio is increased. Starvation during the first 24 hours has essentially no effect on the amount of xanthommation whereas the amount of pterins is markedly reduced.

Dental Interns’ Perceptions of Their Training Experiences at Different Training Centers: A Look at Work Environment and Supervision

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Alenezi
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Field Experience ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background: the aim of this study was to explore dental interns perceptions on their learning environment and supervision. Methods: This survey was in form of questioner in which interns are required to fill and submit at the end of each training rotation. The questionnaire includes 20 items and was divided into three main parts: the first part of the questionnaire evaluated the interns perception toward the learning outcomes obtained from the field experience and their development. The second part of the study assessed the interns' perceptions toward their supervisors. The third part of the questionnaire investigated the interns' perceptions toward training centers facilities. Results: A total number of 234 questioners were filled and submitted by interns in which 134 from male intern (57.3%) and 100 from female interns (42.7%). In general, the interns from both genders appeared very satisfied with their training experience. With all the questionnaire 20 items, more than 75% of the obtained answers was either agree or strongly agree with similar obtained from both male and female interns. Conclusions: High level of satisfaction can be obtained when the the field experience outcomes is clearly explained to the dental interns. In addition, the availability of supervisors with full awareness of learning outcomes will improve the learning experience of dental interns.

scholarly journals Three new species of Scissurellidae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) from the coast of Brazil

1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (0) ◽  
pp. 01-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Ch. Montouchet
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Three New Species

A consultation of the original descriptions of the genera of Scissurellidae led the author to conclude that the valid names for the genera of this family are: Scissurella d'Orbigny, 1823 (redescription by Sowerby, 1824), Anatoma Woodward, 1859, Inoisura Hedley, 1904, Scissurona Iredale, 1924, Sinezona Finlay, 1927. Scissurella and Anatoma are cosmopolites, the first generally living in shallow waters, associated to sea-weeds, while the second is found in deep waters. The three last genera are restricted to Australasia. Three new species are described from the Brazilian coast: Soissu rella alexandrei, Scissurella eleotilis and Scissurella morretesi. The internal anatomy of S. alexandrei is described. These three new species have been found in littoral shallow waters, the two first on the northeast Brazilian coast, the third on the coast of the State of São Paulo. The fourth known species of Scissurellidae from Brazil, Anatoma aedonia (Watson, 1886), was dredged by H.M.S, "Challenger", in 1873, off Pernambuco, 350 fm (640 m).

scholarly journals Profile of Colorectal Tumor in Gastroentero-Hepatology Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Husin Thamrin ◽  
Khafidhotul Ilmiah ◽  
Ni Wajan Tirthaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Colorectal Tumor ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Colorectal cancer has became burden in the world.The latest study shows that colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and second most common cancer in women globally. There are difference characteristic of epidemiology in every countries. Moreover, there is no study that represents epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Indonesia yet, especially in East Java. The aim of this study was to describe colorectal tumor profile by age and gender in Gastroentero-Hepatology Center, Dr Soetomo Hospital. This study has received a certificate of Ethical Clearance No.273/Panke.KKE/IV/2015, a descriptive retrospective study. We collected data using medical records, and patients who have been colonoscopy examination and suspected colorectal tumor were included. There were 201 patients, divided to 100 males and 101 females. The peak of incidence was on 51-60 years old group, but on the 31-40 years old incidence of colorectal tumor was increased. The youngest patient was 17 years old. And tumors are more likely develop in distal area, especially in rectum. This study shows a different characteristic profile of colorectal tumor, where tumor is developed at young people and there is no significant difference between male and female for the incidence.

scholarly journals The Perceptions of Teachers at the Secondary Schools in Bani Obaid District at Irbid City for their Schools by Considering the Schools as Learning Organizations: تصورات معلمي المرحلة الثانوية في لواء بني عبيد بمدينة إربد لمدارسهم كمنظمات متعلمة

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asem Abdullah Al-Essa
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Learning Organizations ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
General Performance ◽  
Perceptions Of Teachers

This study investigates the perceptions of teachers at the secondary schools in Bani Obaid district at Irbid city for their schools by considering the schools as learning organizations. This study discovers the differences in participant responses that are related to their perceptions by considering the schools as educated organizations based on the following factors: gender, qualifications, and years of experience. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher follows the descriptive methodology by preparing a questionnaire which includes (35) parts. The sample of the study consists of (250) male and female teachers in the secondary schools at Bani Obaid district. They were collected randomly from the total number of teachers in that district which is (413). They represent (60%) of the teachers in the district. The perceptions of the teachers of the secondary schools at Bani Obaid district at Irbid city for their schools as educated organizations got (5,64) for the highest average based on the general performance using the tool. The results based on the scopes of the study are as the following: working as a team got the highest average (3.91). The followed scope is the mental models (3.66). The third one is related to the personal ability with average (3.91) then the collective vision with average (3.50) and lastly, the critical thinking with average (3.49). There were not much significant statistical differences in level (α≤0.05) in the sample responses which are related to the study scopes and tool based on the sex and years of experience in addition to (collective vision and personal ability) dimensions based on the qualification. There were significant statistical differences in level (α≤0.05) in the sample responses which are related to the scopes of (collective vision, mental models and teamwork) based on the qualification dimension specially the bachelor degree. Based on the results of the research, the researcher recommends providing financial and moral incentives for the distinguished secondary schools to apply the principles of the educated schools.

scholarly journals Comparative genitalic morphology in ten genera of thread-legged bugs of the tribe Metapterini, and its phylogenetic importance (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Castro-Huertas ◽  
Dimitri Forero ◽  
Jocelia Grazia
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Potential Usefulness ◽  
Bursa Copulatrix ◽  
Wing Polymorphism ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Basal Process ◽  
Segment 8 ◽  
Assassin Bug

The assassin bug tribe Metapterini belongs to the subfamily Emesinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae). Morphologically, it is characterized by the conspicuous basal process of the posteroventral series in the foreleg and the presence of wing polymorphism, with a high proportion of the genera with micropterous or apterous species. Here, the male and female ectodermal genitalic structures are documented for ten genera and twenty-three species of Metapterini, including eight species of the speciose genus Ghilianella Spinola, 1850. Descriptions and digital macrophotographs are provided for abdominal segment 8, pygophore, parameres, and phallus of the male, and for tergite 8, tergite 9, gonocoxae, gonapophyses, gonoplac, and bursa copulatrix of the female. The asymmetric male genitalia within Emesinae are discussed. From this morphological documentation sixty six phylogenetic characters are coded, presented as a data matrix and analyzed cladistically, and their potential usefulness for resolving relationships among Metapterini is discussed.

scholarly journals An Exploration of Teachers' Perspectives towards Cognitive, Affective and Linguistic Teaching Principles while Teaching English as a Foreign Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-40
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Teaching Principles ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Cognitive Principles ◽  
Utmost Care ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Teachers Perspectives

The study aimed at exploring EFL teachers' perspectives towards cognitive, affective and linguistic teaching principles while teaching English as a foreign language. To conduct the study, the researchers prepared a questionnaire of 30 items that was distributed into three group domains. The first group was the cognitive principles. The second one was the affective principles, and the third group was the linguistic principles. Forty-six male and female EFL teachers responded to the questionnaire's items. Suitable statistical analyses were used to analyze the data. The results of the study pointed out that EFL teachers had positive perspectives towards these teaching principles, as the analysis showed that they looked at these principles positively and they gave them their utmost care and concern. Besides, the analysis showed that the cognitive principles came in the first rank compared with the other two groups (affective and linguistic) as they got the highest mean. Moreover, the results revealed that there were no statistical significant differences, regarding gender, in the participants' perspectives towards the importance of these teaching principles while teaching English as a foreign language as the means of males and females were closer to each other. Keywords: Cognitive Principles, Affective Principles, Linguistic Principles, Foreign language.

scholarly journals Digestive And Tracheal System of Menopon Gallinae (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) Infesting Poultry Bird (Gallus Gallus Domesticus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surman Arya ◽  
Suneel Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Binocular Microscope ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Poultry Shaft Louse ◽  
Alary Muscles

The digestive and tracheal system of a poultry shaft louse, Menopon gallinae (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) has been studied in greater details. Alimentary canal of louse was dissected out along with crop under stereozoom binocular microscope. Entire alimentary canal of M. gallinae was found more or less straight and has three basic parts (fore-gut, mid-gut and hind-gut) while crop-teeth was present in the crop. The posterior end of crop contains 20-30 well developed crop-teeth arranged in a single arced plate, in comb-like fashion. Mid-gut was found as simple tube and contributes nearly one half of the total length, while the hind-gut was marked by the opening of Malpighian tubules in alimentary canal. The heart of M. gallinae is of simplest kind, one chambered bulbous structure having three pairs of laterally placed ostia and supported by four pairs of alary muscles. In the tracheal system there were seven pairs of spiracles occurred on the terga of M. gallinae. The first pair of spiracle was found located close to legs while remaining six abdominal spiracles occur from segment 3rd to 8th. The degree of tracheation of various visceral organs has also been noted.

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