scholarly journals Gonadal development and reproductive period of the characin Astyanax aff. bimaculatus (Characiformes: Characidae) in a tropical reservoir in southeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Francisco G. Araújo ◽  
Aparecida A. Nascimento ◽  
Iracema D. Gomes ◽  
Armando Sales ◽  
Beatriz A. Chagas de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Body Energy

The gonadal development of the characin Astyanax aff. bimaculatus from Funil Reservoir, an impoundment in the middle reaches of the Paraiba do Sul River in southeastern Brazil was analysed through histological, histochemical and histometric techniques, and the spawning season was determined. Unbalanced sex ratio was found, with females outnumbering and reaching larger sizes than males. The following stages of oogenic cell development were identified for females: primary growth, pre-vitellogenic (cortical alveolar) and vitellogenic. In males, the following stages were determined: spermatogonia primary and secondary, spermatocyte primary and secondary, spermatid and spermatozoa. The spawning occurs most of the year, peaking in January-February, as indicated by the gonadosomatic index. In the peak of the spawning period, the condition factor and hepatosomatic indices decreased suggesting use of stored body energy reserves during the reproduction. Spawning in batches, small-sized oocytes and a long reproductive season suggest that Astyanax aff. bimaculatus fits to an opportunist strategy. Such strategy may facilitate the use of a wide range of lentic and lotic body waters in the Neotropical region.

scholarly journals Reproductive Ecology ofProchilodus brevisan Endemic Fish from the Semiarid Region of Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane de Lima Gurgel ◽  
José Roberto Verani ◽  
Sathyabama Chellappa
Keyword(s):  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Reproductive Ecology ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Gonadal Maturity ◽  
Commercially Important

The commercially important migratory fishProchilodus brevisis from the Neotropical region, and understanding the reproductive ecology of this potamodromous fish is essential for its conservation and management. This study investigated the length-mass relationship, sex ratio, length at first gonadal maturity, gonadal development stages, gonadosomatic index, condition factor, and reproductive period ofP. brevis. Temporal distribution of rainfall, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, and electrical conductivity of the water were related to the reproductive period of this fish. Rainfall seems to be the main environmental factor which modulates changes in limnological parameters and the timing of the spawning period of this fish.P. brevismigrates into lower reaches of the river to feed during the dry season and returns to the upper reaches during the rainy season to spawn. Inadequate facilities for migration create obstacles for spawning success of this ecologically important fish.

Reproductive dynamics of broadbill swordfish, Xiphias gladius, in the domestic longline fishery off eastern Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jock Young ◽  
Anita Drake ◽  
Michael Brickhill ◽  
Jessica Farley ◽  
Thor Carter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Batch Fecundity ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Xiphias Gladius

The reproductive ecology of broadbill swordfish, Xiphias gladius, was evaluated based on 1437 fish (size range 50–300 cm orbital fork length [OFL]) caught in the domestic longline fisheries off eastern Australia and New Zealand between May 1999 and March 2001. Reproductive activity was assessed using histology, a gonadosomatic index, and maximum oocyte size. Males were significantly smaller than females and represented less than one third of the sampled fish. Sex ratio differed significantly with respect to fish size and time of year. Females began maturing at 150-cm OFL and spawned from September to March, with the greatest activity from December to February. Males matured at 90-cm OFL; ripe males were found from January to March, but also in May and October, suggesting an extended reproductive period. During the spawning period the proportion of spawning to inactive mature sized females was significantly higher in waters west of longitude 158°E than in waters to the east. Further to the east, samples taken from the New Zealand fishery showed no actively spawning fish during the main spawning period. Females were increasingly reproductively active as water temperature increased beyond 24°C and sea surface chlorophyll a decreased below 0.2 μg L–1. Batch fecundity was linearly related to fish length with a mean batch fecundity of 1.66 million oocytes for females ranging in size from 173- to 232-cm OFL. The presence of hydrated oocytes and post-ovulatory follicles (POFs) in the same ovaries indicated multiple spawnings. Depending on the time taken for POFs to degrade, these may have been daily at the height of the spawning season.

scholarly journals Reproductive period, fecundity and histology of gonads of two cheirodontines (Ostariophysi: Characidae) with different reproductive strategies - insemination and external fertilization

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina L. C Oliveira ◽  
Clarice B Fialho ◽  
Luiz R Malabarba
Keyword(s):  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
External Fertilization ◽  
Relative Fecundity ◽  
The Mean

The reproductive period and fecundity of the inseminating cheirodontine Compsura heterura and of the externally fertilizing cheirodontine Odontostilbe pequira, from tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil, respectively, are described. The reproductive period of C. heterura lasted from January to April 2002, while O. pequira showed two reproductive periods, the first during September and October 2001 (spring), and the second between January and February 2002 (summer). Smaller classes of SL of females of O. pequira predominated in the second reproductive period, suggesting individuals born in the first period become shortly sexually mature, participating in the second reproductive period. In C. heterura, from a tropical region, temperature showed significant correlations with the variation in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) for both sexes, and rainfall showed significant correlation with the variation in the GSI only for females. In O. pequira, from a subtropical region, photoperiod was the only factor that showed significant correlations with the GSI variation in both sexes. The mean relative fecundity of C. heterura was 0.55 oocytes per milligram of total weight, similar to that of other cheirodontines with external fertilization, refuting the hypothesis, at least in Cheirodontinae, that insemination provides diminishing energy expenditure for the production of oocytes, due to a greater probability of fertilization. The mean relative fecundity of O. pequira was 0.8 oocytes per milligram of total weight, the largest known among cheirodontines. Spermatozoa were found inside the ovaries of maturating, mature and semi-spent females of C. heterura supporting the hypothesis of temporal separation between courtship and spawning. The largest relative weight of testis and the presence of sperm in maturing ovaries outside the reproductive period in C. heterura support the hypothesis that males of inseminating species make a greater investment in gonadal development than those externally fertilized.

scholarly journals Seasonal steroid variations in relation to maturity stages in the female Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru in the Gulf of California, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Silvie Dumas ◽  
Silvia Ramirez Luna ◽  
Pablo Pintos Terán ◽  
Evaristo Mañanos ◽  
Lluis Tort
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Red Snapper ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
La Paz ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Fishery Species

Reproductive steroid concentration and gonadal development as well as plasma cortisol were investigated during the reproductive period (April to October) of the Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru, a commercial and important local fishery species in the surrounding areas of Bahía La Paz, Gulf of California, Mexico. Gonads in April were immature and characterized by the presence of oocytes at the chromatin nucleolar and perinucleolar stages. In the next month, more than 50% of the fish showed gonads in vitellogenesis, characterized by the presence of cortical alveoli and early vitellogenic (V1) oocytes. Late vitellogenic and mature gonads were present in July, August and September. Postovulatory follicles were observed only in gonads collected in August, indicating spawning activity of these individuals. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased significantly (p <0.05) from April and May to July, when it reached its maximum value. A significant increase (p <0.05) in plasma testosterone (T) was also observed in July compared to previous months, and plasma estradiol (E2) concentration was significantly higher (p <0.05) in September than in April. Cortisol concentration was significantly higher (p <0.05) in September than in May. Significant differences (p <0.05) between gonadal stages were observed for GSI and E2 but not for T. We conclude that the Pacific red snapper, in the surrounding areas of Bahía de la Paz, showed an asynchronous ovarian growth starting in May when water temperature increased and that was characterized by several spawning events.

scholarly journals Biomarkers and bioindicators of the environmental condition using a fish species (Pimelodus maculatus Lacepède, 1803) in a tropical reservoir in Southeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Araújo ◽  
C. N. Morado ◽  
T. T. E. Parente ◽  
F. J. R Paumgartten ◽  
I. D. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Erod Activity ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Pimelodus Maculatus ◽  
Paraíba Do Sul River

Abstract The Funil Reservoir receives a large amount of xenobiotics from the Paraíba do Sul River (PSR) from large number of industries and municipalities in the watershed. This study aimed to assess environmental quality along the longitudinal profile of the Paraíba do Sul River–Funil Reservoir system, by using biomarkers and bioindicators in a selected fish species. The raised hypothesis is that Funil Reservoir acts as a filter for the xenobiotics of the PSR waters, improving river water quality downstream the dam. Two biomarkers, the ethoxyresorufin–O–deethylase activity (EROD), measured as fluorimetricly in S9 hepatic fraction, and the micronuclei frequency (MN), observed in erythrocytes of the cytoplasm, and three bioindicators, the hepatosomatic index (HSI), gonadosomatic index (GSI) and condition factor (CF) were used in Pimelodus maculatus, a fish species widely distributed in the system. Four zones were searched through a longitudinal gradient: 1, river upstream from the reservoir; 2, upper reservoir; 3, lower reservoir; 4, river downstream of the reservoir. EROD activity and HSI and GSI had significant differences among the zones (P<0.05). The upper reservoir had the lowest EROD activity and HSI, whereas the river downstream of the reservoir had the highest EROD and lowest GSI. The river upstream from the reservoir showed the highest HSI and GSI. It is suggested that the lowest environmental condition occur at the river downstream of the reservoir, where it seems to occur more influence of xenobiotics, which could be associated with hydroelectric plant operation. The hypothesis that Funil reservoir acts as a filter decanting pollution from the Paraíba do Sul River waters was rejected. These results are novel information on this subject for a native fish species and could be useful for future comparisons with other environments.

scholarly journals Seasonal analysis of condition, biochemical and bioenergetic indices of females of Brazilian flathead, Percophis brasiliensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina A. Rodrigues ◽  
Gustavo J. Macchi ◽  
Agueda Massa ◽  
María I. Militelli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Different Tissues ◽  
Percophis Brasiliensis

Percophis brasiliensis is a demersal species that constitutes an important resource of Argentine coastal fisheries. Nevertheless, information about bioenergetic dynamic of reproduction has not been reported. Therefore, seasonal variations of condition factors, biochemical composition and energy density of different tissues were analyzed in order to determine the strategy of energy allocation during the reproductive cycle of this species. Condition indices (hepatosomatic and K) showed a seasonal pattern opposite to that observed for gonadosomatic index, which was characterized by higher values during the reproductive period (spring-summer), decreasing at the end of spawning. Biochemical composition of different tissues also showed a clearly seasonality associated to reproductive cycle. Analysis of energy density variation of liver indicates that P. brasiliensis accumulate reserves in winter before reproduction, which later decrease during the spawning season. In contrast, the energy density in muscle did not show significant differences among seasons, indicating that individuals could be also using an external source of energy during spawning. Therefore, it is possible that P. brasiliensis respond to an intermediate strategy of energy allocation, combining characteristics of both capital breeders (stores energy previous to the onset of reproductive activity) and income breeders (acquire energy by active feeding during spawning period).

Cellular development of the germinal epithelium during the female and male gametogenesis of Chaetodon striatus (Perciformes: Chaetodontidae)

Zygote ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-299
Author(s):  
Isabelle Leite Bayona Perez ◽  
Talita Sarah Mazzoni ◽  
Irani Quagio-Grassiotto
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Cellular Dynamics ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Early Primary ◽  
Reproductive Phases

SummaryButterflyfish Chaetodon striatus is highly sought after in the marine ornamental aquarium, although studies about its reproductive biology are scarce. Therefore, to contribute to a better understanding of the reproductive aspects of C. striatus, we describe in detail with the use of high resolution histology the cellular dynamics of the germinal epithelium during the reproductive life history of this species. Based on the activity of the germinal epithelium, this study describes different stages of the gonadal development, similar to the reproductive phases found in other fish, to determine the reproductive period of C. striatus. In characterization of gonadal development, the following germ cells are described for males: spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. Oogonia, early, primary, secondary, full-grown and maturing oocytes are described for females. Female germinal epithelium of C. striatus showed substantial changes over the study period, indicating that there was an active spawning period. Male germinal epithelium also presented relevant alterations, indicating reproductive activity in the testicular lobules. Morphological data confirm how informative was the cellular dynamics of the germinal epithelium for understanding gonadal development during adult reproductive life of fish in general. Although Chaetodon are a popular species, previous studies have only produced superficial and rough histological analyses. Therefore, this study demonstrates important information on germinal epithelium of Chaetodon. This knowledge could be a fundamental tool for development of new strategies for breeding of several species in captivity, especially butterflyfishes.

scholarly journals Gonadal development of the holothurian Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje, 1823) in spawning period at the Aegean Sea (Mediterranean Sea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385
Author(s):  
Mustafa Tolga Tolon ◽  
Serhat Engin
Keyword(s):  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Gonad Weight ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Reproduction Biology ◽  
Post Spawning ◽  
Holothuria Polii

The Mediterranean sea cucumbers including Holothuria polii has become commercially important in international trade due to the high demand of consumers from Far East countries. Sea cucumbers fisheries is a valuable income for the regional fishermen but natural stocks endangered by overfishing in recent years. Fisheries regulations and aquaculture studies are important precautions for preserving natural stocks. All these efforts are based on reproduction biology of this species which slightly differed among regions. In this study, the reproduction biology including morphological characteristics, gonadosomatic index and gonadal development stages of H.polii at the eastern coast of Aegean Sea (Izmir, Turkey) were investigated during the reproduction (spawning) period from July to October 2018. Gonads and gonad sections of 60 sea cucumbers (120.60 ± 19.56 g) have been observed by macroscopic and microscopic inspections. Three gonadal development stages have been identified by histologic observations as mature (III), spawning (IV) and post-spawning stage (V) in gonadal tubules. Results indicate that both female and male gonads are at mature and spawning stage in July and all gonads are at post-spawning stage in October. The mean gonad weight was 12.53 ± 1.33 g at the beginning of the spawning period (July) and 1.87 ± 0.58 g at the end of the spawning period (October). Gonadosomatic index decreased from 17.53 ± 0.02% (July) to 3.37 ± 0.01% (October) after spawning. The gonadosomatic index, gonad weight, and spawning were related to the seawater temperature. According to this study, the spawning period of H.polii at the eastern coasts of the Aegean Sea starts in July and completely ends in October. As a result, the data related to the reproduction biology in spawning period of H.polii would guide stock management and artificial breeding of this species under controlled conditions.

scholarly journals Tropical cyclones cumulatively control regional carbon fluxes in Everglades mangrove wetlands (Florida, USA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Zhao ◽  
Victor H. Rivera-Monroy ◽  
Luis M. Farfán ◽  
Henry Briceño ◽  
Edward Castañeda-Moya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractMangroves are the most blue-carbon rich coastal wetlands contributing to the reduction of atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis (sequestration) and high soil organic carbon (C) storage. Globally, mangroves are increasingly impacted by human and natural disturbances under climate warming, including pervasive pulsing tropical cyclones. However, there is limited information assessing cyclone’s functional role in regulating wetlands carbon cycling from annual to decadal scales. Here we show how cyclones with a wide range of integrated kinetic energy (IKE) impact C fluxes in the Everglades, a neotropical region with high cyclone landing frequency. Using long-term mangrove Net Primary Productivity (Litterfall, NPPL) data (2001–2018), we estimated cyclone-induced litterfall particulate organic C (litter-POC) export from mangroves to estuarine waters. Our analysis revealed that this lateral litter-POC flux (71–205 g C m−2 year−1)—currently unaccounted in global C budgets—is similar to C burial rates (69–157 g C m−2 year−1) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, 61–229 g C m−2 year−1) export. We proposed a statistical model (PULITER) between IKE-based pulse index and NPPL to determine cyclone’s impact on mangrove role as C sink or source. Including the cyclone’s functional role in regulating mangrove C fluxes is critical to developing local and regional climate change mitigation plans.

scholarly journals Territory size of three Antbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) in an Atlantic Forest fragment in southeastern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Duca ◽  
Tadeu J. Guerra ◽  
Miguel Â. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Forest Edge ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Dirt Road ◽  
Forested Landscapes ◽  
Pyriglena Leucoptera ◽  
Polygon Method

Territory size is an important ecological attribute of populations that has been considered a factor determines population density. Antbirds is a large group of mainly insectivorous Neotropical passerines, usually well represented in bird communities from forested landscapes in Neotropical region. Territory sizes for three Antbirds, Thamnophilus caerulescens (Vieillot, 1816) (Variable Antshrike), Dysithamnus mentalis (Temmink, 1823) (Plain Antvireo) e Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot, 1818) (White-shouldered Fire-eye), were mapped and their area estimated by the convex polygon method in a 50 ha forest fragment, in southeastern Brazil. The three species presented small territories of similar sizes (< 2 ha) both during the non-reproductive and the reproductive seasons of 2000-2001. Territories overlapped considerably among species but not intraspecifically. Territory sizes increased with body mass of the three species studied (P. leucoptera > T. caerulescens > D. mentalis). We failed to find any effect on territory size for the three species associated with forest edge or distance to the dirt road.

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