Role of Hyperinsulinemia and Glucose Intolerance in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Patients with Normal Body Weight

OBJECTIVE: Hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) is a functional disorder caused by disturbances in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatility. The mechanism by which stress alters GnRH release is not well known. Recently, the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and neurosteroids in the pathophysiology of HA has been considered. The aim of the present study was to explore further the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in HA. DESIGN: We included 8 patients (aged 23.16+/-1.72 years) suffering from hypothalamic stress-related amenorrhea with normal body weight and 8 age-matched healthy controls in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. METHODS: We measured basal serum levels of FSH, LH, and estradiol and evaluated ACTH, allopregnanolone and cortisol responses to CRH test in both HA patients and healthy women. RESULTS: Serum basal levels of FSH, LH, and estradiol as well as basal levels of allopregnanolone were significantly lower in HA patients than in controls (P<0.001) while basal ACTH and cortisol levels were significantly higher in amenorrheic patients with respect to controls (P<0.001). The response (area under the curve) of ACTH, allopregnanolone and cortisol to CRH was significantly lower in amenorrheic women compared with controls (P<0.001, P<0.05, P<0.05 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, women with HA, despite the high ACTH and cortisol levels and, therefore, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity, are characterized by low allopregnanolone basal levels, deriving from an impairment of both adrenal and ovarian synthesis. The blunted ACTH, allopregnanolone and cortisol responses to CRH indicate that, in hypothalamic amenorrhea, there is a reduced sensitivity and expression of CRH receptor. These results open new perspectives on the role of neurosteroids in the pathogenesis of hypothalamic amenorrhea.

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ROLE OF BODY WEIGHT AND BODY FIGURE IN THE DETERMINATION OF ADOLESCENT FOOD HABITS

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v25i1pp86-90 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Author(s):

ALBHA TIWARI ◽

VIMLESH KUMAR TIWARI

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Fast Food ◽

Food Habits ◽

Age Groups ◽

Normal Body ◽

Lower Body Weight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Normal Body Weight

Body weight showed non-significant difference for fast food and nutritional diet for 13-15 years old boys and girls adolescents. Body weight of boy’s adolescent increased over normal body weight of 13-15 years. Whereas, lower body weight was observed in 16-18 boys adolescent and 13-15 years and 16-18 years girls where body weight was lower than normal body weight. The general body figure of boys and girls adolescent have nutritional diet except fast food and nutritional food habits in girls of 13-15 yrs and 16-18 yrs girls of nanus body figure respectively. Interestingly, girls of 13-15 yrs, had fast food in diet whose body figure was midget. The t-test indicated that boys and girls body figure had highly significant differences in their food habits in both age groups 13-15 yrs and 16-18 yrs.

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Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Left Ventricle Remodeling in Patients with Hypertension with Abdominal Obesity

Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini bìologìï ta sportu ◽

10.26693/jmbs06.05.178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 178-183

Author(s):

S. M. Koval ◽

◽

L. A. Reznik ◽

T. G. Starchenko ◽

M. Yu. Penkova

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Left Ventricle ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Normal Body ◽

Normal Body Weight

The purpose of the work is to study the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 in the mechanisms of left ventricular remodeling in patients with arterial hypertension with abdominal obesity and arterial hypertension with normal body weight. Materials and methods. The study included 42 patients with arterial hypertension and abdominal obesity and 22 patients with arterial hypertension and normal body weight. All patients underwent general clinical laboratory and instrumental examination. The structural parameters of the heart were determined using echocardiographic studies. To assess the geometric rearrangement of the left ventricle, the relative thickness of its walls was calculated. Determination of the level of insulin-like growth factor-1 in serum was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results and discussion. According to echocardiographic studies, left ventricular hypertrophy was diagnosed in 30 patients (71.4%) with arterial hypertension and obesity and in 9 (40.9%) patients with normal body weight (p <0.05). The advantage of hypertrophic types in the structural reconstruction of the heart and the formation of unfavorable types of geometry of the left ventricle in the presence of abdominal obesity in the subjects was found. It was found that in arterial hypertension with abdominal obesity, high levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 were found with normal geometry of the left ventricle, and with concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy, a gradual probable decrease in this growth factor was observed and adhered to its comparison with the norm. The attention is drawn not only to the gradual decrease in insulin-like growth factor-1 from normal geometry to concentric and eccentric geometry, but also to the probable differences between this growth factor in concentric geometry and eccentric geometry, indicating the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 deficiency in cardiac remodeling. In normal weight hypertension, probable differences in this growth factor are obtained only between normal and eccentric left ventricular geometry. Сonclusion. Thus, the data obtained may indicate differences in the course of arterial hypertension, aggravated by abdominal obesity, in comparison with patients with hypertension with normal body weight. It is the association of arterial hypertension with abdominal obesity that causes a decrease in the synthesis of insulin-like growth factor-1, as a result of which there is an accelerated development of the pathological geometry of the left ventricle with the subsequent manifestation of heart failure. These results allow us to expand our understanding of the mechanisms of the formation of cardiac damage in patients with arterial hypertension and especially when it is combined with obesity

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Semi-Quantitative Ultrasonographic Evaluation of NAFLD

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200417142444 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (32) ◽

pp. 3915-3927 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stefano Ballestri ◽

Claudio Tana ◽

Maria Di Girolamo ◽

Maria Cristina Fontana ◽

Mariano Capitelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Risk Of Progression ◽

Progressive Liver Disease

: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) embraces histopathological entities ranging from the relatively benign simple steatosis to the progressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with fibrosis and an increased risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is the most common liver disease and is associated with extrahepatic comorbidities including a major cardiovascular disease burden. : The non-invasive diagnosis of NAFLD and the identification of subjects at risk of progressive liver disease and cardio-metabolic complications are key in implementing personalized treatment schedules and follow-up strategies. : In this review, we highlight the potential role of ultrasound semiquantitative scores for detecting and assessing steatosis severity, progression of NAFLD, and cardio-metabolic risk. : Ultrasonographic scores of fatty liver severity act as sensors of cardio-metabolic health and may assist in selecting patients to submit to second-line non-invasive imaging techniques and/or liver biopsy.

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Doxepin Exacerbates Renal Damage, Glucose Intolerance, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Urinary Chromium Loss in Obese Mice

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14030267 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 267

Author(s):

Geng-Ruei Chang ◽

Po-Hsun Hou ◽

Wei-Cheng Yang ◽

Chao-Min Wang ◽

Pei-Shan Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Renal Damage ◽

Liver Lipid ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Doxepin is commonly prescribed for depression and anxiety treatment. Doxepin-related disruptions to metabolism and renal/hepatic adverse effects remain unclear; thus, the underlying mechanism of action warrants further research. Here, we investigated how doxepin affects lipid change, glucose homeostasis, chromium (Cr) distribution, renal impairment, liver damage, and fatty liver scores in C57BL6/J mice subjected to a high-fat diet and 5 mg/kg/day doxepin treatment for eight weeks. We noted that the treated mice had higher body, kidney, liver, retroperitoneal, and epididymal white adipose tissue weights; serum and liver triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels; daily food efficiency; and liver lipid regulation marker expression. They also demonstrated exacerbated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance with lower Akt phosphorylation, GLUT4 expression, and renal damage as well as higher reactive oxygen species and interleukin 1 and lower catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase levels. The treated mice had a net-negative Cr balance due to increased urinary excretion, leading to Cr mobilization, delaying hyperglycemia recovery. Furthermore, they had considerably increased fatty liver scores, paralleling increases in adiponectin, FASN, PNPLA3, FABP4 mRNA, and SREBP1 mRNA levels. In conclusion, doxepin administration potentially worsens renal injury, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and diabetes.

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