scholarly journals 39. Small animals, big decisions: potential of moral case deliberation for a small animal hospital on the basis of an observational study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Long ◽  
S. Springer ◽  
I.A. Burgener ◽  
H. Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Moral Case Deliberation ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Moral Case

Recommendations for Intensive Care Management in Small Animals Following Anaesthesia

1992 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Karol Mathews ◽  
Doris Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Monitoring Equipment ◽  
Intensive Care Management ◽  
Good Communication

Intensive care management can be provided in a small animal facility by centralisation of emergency and monitoring equipment. Good communication between all personnel involved in the case ensures that staff are prepared for complications that could arise related to recovery from anaesthesia.

EMPTY BODY WEIGHTS, CARCASS WEIGHTS AND OFFAL PROPORTIONS IN BULLS AND STEERS OF DIFFERENT MATURE SIZE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
R. E. ROMPALA ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
C. H. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Animal Size

Empty body weights, carcass weights and offal proportions were compared in 33 young beef bulls and 33 beef steers of different mature body size (35 small or mainly British breed crosses, 31 large or Continental crosses). All cattle were fed a high energy diet based on corn silage and high moisture corn from weaning to slaughter. Slaughter was carried out once 6 mm of fat had been attained at the 11/12th ribs, determined ultrasonically. Feed was removed 24 h and water 16 h prior to slaughter. The offal components were all weighed fresh and the alimentary components emptied of digesta. Bulls weighed 8.0% heavier (P < 0.05) than steers at slaughter, while large animals were 38.7% heavier (P < 0.0001) than small animals. Bulls and large animals had carcasses that dressed out 1.5% heavier than steers and small animals. To eliminate the effect of gutfill, carcass weights and offal components were expressed as a proportion of empty body weight. Bulls had a higher proportion of warm carcass weight and lower proportions of liver, spleen, heart, lungs, rumen, abomasum, large intestine and front feet relative to empty body weight than steers. Large animals had a greater proportion of warm carcass weight and hind feet, and a lower proportion of head, hide, liver, kidneys, omasum and small intestine relative to empty body weight than small animals. All castration by size interactions for liveweight, carcass weight, empty body weight and offal proportions were not significant. Castration and small animal size both increased the proportion of noncarcass parts relative to empty body weight in animals slaughtered at similar finish. Key words: Body, carcass, offal, bull, steer, maturity

Use of the Leksell Gamma Knife for Localized Small Field Lens Irradiation in Rodents

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen DesRosiers ◽  
Marc S. Mendonca ◽  
Craig Tyree ◽  
Vadim Moskvin ◽  
Morris Bank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Knife ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Ion Chamber ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Contralateral Eye

For most basic radiobiological research applications involving irradiation of small animals, it is difficult to achieve the same high precision dose distribution realized with human radiotherapy. The precision for irradiations performed with standard radiotherapy equipment is ±2 mm in each dimension, and is adequate for most human treatment applications. For small animals such as rodents, whose organs and tissue structures may be an order of magnitude smaller than those of humans, the corresponding precision required is closer to ±0.2 mm, if comparisons or extrapolations are to be made to human data. The Leksell Gamma Knife is a high precision radiosurgery irradiator, with precision in each dimension not exceeding 0.5 mm, and overall precision of 0.7 mm. It has recently been utilized to treat ocular melanoma and induce targeted lesions in the brains of small animals. This paper describes the dosimetry and a technique for performing irradiation of a single rat eye and lens with the Gamma Knife while allowing the contralateral eye and lens of the same rat to serve as the “control”. The dosimetry was performed with a phantom in vitro utilizing a pinpoint ion chamber and thermoluminescent dosimeters, and verified by Monte Carlo simulations. We found that the contralateral eye received less than 5% of the administered dose for a 15 Gy exposure to the targeted eye. In addition, after 15 Gy irradiation 15 out of 16 animals developed cataracts in the irradiated target eyes, while 0 out of 16 contralateral eyes developed cataracts over a 6-month period of observation. Experiments at 5 and 10 Gy also confirmed the lack of cataractogenesis in the contralateral eye. Our results validate the use of the Gamma Knife for cataract studies in rodents, and confirmed the precision and utility of the instrument as a small animal irradiator for translational radiobiology experiments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of moral case deliberation at the Dutch Health Care Inspectorate: a pilot study

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wike Seekles ◽  
Guy Widdershoven ◽  
Paul Robben ◽  
Gonny van Dalfsen ◽  
Bert Molewijk
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Moral Case Deliberation ◽  
Dutch Health ◽  
Dutch Health Care ◽  
Moral Case

Moral case deliberation

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Y B Tan ◽  
Bastiaan C ter Meulen ◽  
Albert Molewijk ◽  
Guy Widdershoven
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Moral Case Deliberation ◽  
Ethics Support ◽  
Moral Case ◽  
Moral Damage ◽  
Dilemma Method

Ethical dilemmas in general are characterised by a choice between two mutually excluding options neither of which is satisfactory, because there always will be a form of moral damage. Within the context of medicine several ethics support services have been developed to support healthcare professionals in dealing with ethical dilemmas, including moral case deliberation. In this article, we describe how moral case deliberation works in daily practice, illustrated with a case example from the neurology ward. The article is meant as an introduction to moral case deliberation according to the dilemma method. We show its relevance to the clinic and the context needed to put it into practice.

European Moral Case Deliberation Outcomes Instrument

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Svantesson ◽  
Jan Karlsson ◽  
Pierre Boitte ◽  
Jan Schildman ◽  
Linda Dauwerse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Case Deliberation ◽  
Moral Case

Learning Practical Wisdom from Moral Case Deliberation Through Morisprudence

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
Jos Kole ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Moral Case Deliberation ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Moral Case ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
The Individual

"Moral case deliberation is regularly used as a teaching method at our medical school. Besides we facilitate moral case deliberation on the ward in our hospital. In both instances, our assumption is that practicing moral case deliberation will assist our (future) healthcare professionals to cultivate the virtue of practical wisdom. But, is this assumption, right? The answer to this question requires both empirical research and conceptual analysis. This paper focuses on the latter. The claim defended is that we can elucidate the relation between moral case deliberation and practical wisdom through an analysis of so called morisprudence. We start with discussing two divergent but related interpretations of morisprudence: one introduced by Toulmin and Jonsen, related to casuistry, and one related to a Dutch interpretation with a strong relation to moral case deliberation. The combination of the both interpretations shed new light on the conceptual connections between cultivating prudence (practical wisdom) and moral case deliberation, but it also provides new insights into the individual and collective dimensions of practical wisdom, of character formation within organizational contexts. Finally, it may have consequences for how moral case deliberation should actually be employed to teach practical wisdom. "

scholarly journals The effect of gas exchange on multiple-breath nitrogen washout measures of ventilation inhomogeneity in the mouse

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Dharmakumara ◽  
G. Kim Prisk ◽  
Simon G. Royce ◽  
Merryn Tawhai ◽  
Bruce R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Nitrogen Washout ◽  
Ventilation Inhomogeneity ◽  
Lung Clearance Index ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Gas Volume

Inert-gas washout measurements using oxygen, in the lungs of small animals, are complicated by the continuous process of oxygen consumption (V̇o2). The multiple-breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) technique uses the alveolar slope to determine measures of ventilation inhomogeneity in the acinar ( Sacin) and conducting ( Scond) airway regions, as well as overall inhomogeneity, as determined by the lung clearance index (LCI). We hypothesized that measured ventilation inhomogeneity in the mouse lung while it is alive is in fact an artifact due to the high V̇o2 in proportion to alveolar gas volume (Va), and not ventilation inhomogeneity per se. In seven male C57BL/6 mice, MBNW was performed alive and postmortem to derive measures with and without the effect of gas exchange, respectively. These results were compared with those obtained from an asymmetric multibranch point mathematical model of the mouse lung. There was no statistical difference in Sacin and LCI between alive and postmortem results ( Sacin alive = 0.311 ± 0.043 ml−1 and Sacin postmortem = 0.338 ± 0.032 ml−1, LCI alive = 7.0 ± 0.1 and LCI postmortem = 7.0 ± 0.1). However, there was a significant decrease in Scond from 0.086 ± 0.005 ml−1 alive to 0.006 ± 0.002 ml−1 postmortem ( P < 0 .01). Model simulations replicated these results. Furthermore, in the model, as V̇o2 increased, so did the alveolar slope. These findings suggests that the MBNW measurement of Scond in the mouse lung is confounded by the effect of gas exchange, a result of the high V̇o2-to-Va ratio in this small animal, and not due to inhomogeneity within the airways.

scholarly journals Tomographic Ultrasound and LED-Based Photoacoustic System for Preclinical Imaging

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalloor Joseph Francis ◽  
Richell Booijink ◽  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Wiendelt Steenbergen
Keyword(s):  
Small Animal Imaging ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Tomographic Imaging ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Acoustic Detection ◽  
Functional Capability ◽  
Treatment Progress ◽  
Linear Transducer ◽  
Animal Imaging

Small animals are widely used as disease models in medical research. Noninvasive imaging modalities with functional capability play an important role in studying the disease state and treatment progress. Photoacoustics, being a noninvasive and functional modality, has the potential for small-animal imaging. However, the conventional photoacoustic tomographic systems use pulsed lasers, making it expensive, bulky, and require long acquisition time. In this work, we propose the use of photoacoustic and ultrasound tomographic imaging with LEDs as the light source and acoustic detection using a linear transducer array. We have demonstrated full-view tomographic imaging of a euthanized mouse and a potential application in liver fibrosis research.

scholarly journals Outcomes of Moral Case Deliberation - the development of an evaluation instrument for clinical ethics support (the Euro-MCD)

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Svantesson ◽  
Jan Karlsson ◽  
Pierre Boitte ◽  
Jan Schildman ◽  
Linda Dauwerse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Ethics ◽  
Moral Case Deliberation ◽  
Evaluation Instrument ◽  
Clinical Ethics Support ◽  
Ethics Support ◽  
Moral Case
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