Screening for lactic acid bacteria capable of inhibiting Campylobacter jejuni in in vitro simulations of the broiler chicken caecal environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robyn ◽  
G. Rasschaert ◽  
W. Messens ◽  
F. Pasmans ◽  
M. Heyndrickx
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Human Campylobacteriosis

Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp., specifically Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, are the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis in developed countries. Consumption of improperly prepared poultry products and cross contamination are among the main causes of human campylobacteriosis. The aim of this study was to identify lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains capable of inhibiting C. jejuni growth in initial in vitro trials (‘spot-on-lawn’ method), as well as in batch fermentation studies mimicking the broiler caecal environment. These experiments served as an indication for using these strains to decrease the capability of Campylobacter to colonise and grow in the chicken caeca during primary production, with the aim of reducing the number of human campylobacteriosis cases. A total of 1,150 LAB strains were screened for anti-Campylobacter activity. Six strains were selected: members of the species Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus agilis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. After treatment with catalase, proteinase K and a-chymotrypsin, anti-Campylobacter activity of cell-free culture supernatant fluid (CSF) for all six strains was retained, which indicated that activity was probably not exerted by bacteriocin production. Based on the activity found in CSF, the compounds produced by the selected strains are secreted and do not require presence of live bacterial producer cells for activity. During initial in vitro fermentation experiments, the E. faecalis strain exhibited the highest inhibitory activity for C. jejuni and was selected for further fermentation experiments. In these experiments we tested for therapeutic or protective effects of the E. faecalis strain against C. jejuni MB 4185 infection under simulated broiler caecal growth conditions. The best inhibition results were obtained when E. faecalis was inoculated before the C. jejuni strain, lowering C. jejuni counts at least one log compared to a positive control. This effect was already observed 6 h after C. jejuni inoculation.

scholarly journals The impact of indole-3-lactic acid on immature intestinal innate immunity and development: a transcriptomic analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuyang Huang ◽  
Ky Young Cho ◽  
Di Meng ◽  
W. Allan Walker
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAn excessive intestinal inflammatory response may have a role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very preterm infants. Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) of breastmilk tryptophan was identified as the anti-inflammatory metabolite involved in probiotic conditioned media from Bifidobacteria longum subsp infantis. This study aimed to explore the molecular endocytic pathways involved in the protective ILA effect against inflammation. H4 cells, Caco-2 cells, C57BL/6 pup and adult mice were used to compare the anti-inflammatory mechanisms between immature and mature enterocytes in vitro and in vivo. The results show that ILA has pleiotropic protective effects on immature enterocytes including anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and developmental regulatory potentials in a region-dependent and an age-dependent manner. Quantitative transcriptomic analysis revealed a new mechanistic model in which STAT1 pathways play an important role in IL-1β-induced inflammation and ILA has a regulatory effect on STAT1 pathways. These studies were validated by real-time RT-qPCR and STAT1 inhibitor experiments. Different protective reactions of ILA between immature and mature enterocytes indicated that ILA’s effects are developmentally regulated. These findings may be helpful in preventing NEC for premature infants.

Resveratrol and cardiac fibrosis prevention and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinaz Zivarpour ◽  
Željko Reiner ◽  
Jamal Hallajzadeh ◽  
Liaosadat Mirsafaei
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Laboratory Models

: Cardiovascular diseases are some of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developed or developing countries but in developed countries as well. Cardiac fibrosis is one of the most often pathological changes of heart tissues. It occurs as a result of extracellular matrix proteins accumulation at myocardia. Cardiac fibrosis results in impaired cardiac systolic and diastolic functions and is associated with other effects. Therapies with medicines have not been sufficiently successful in treating chronic diseases such as CVD. Therefore, the interest for therapeutic potential of natural compounds and medicinal plants has increased. Plants such as grapes, berries and peanuts contain a polyphenolic compound called "resveratrol" which has been reported to have various therapeutic properties for a variety of diseases. Studies on laboratory models that show that resveratrol has beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, high blood pressure cardiomyopathy, thrombosis, cardiac fibrosis, and atherosclerosis. In vitro animal models using resveratrol indicated protective effects on the heart by neutralizing reactive oxygen species, preventing inflammation, increasing neoangiogenesis, dilating blood vessels, suppressing apoptosis and delaying atherosclerosis. In this review, we are presenting experimental and clinical results of studies concerning resveratrol effects on cardiac fibrosis as a CVD outcome in humans.

scholarly journals Detection of Small Numbers of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Cells in Environmental Water, Sewage, and Food Samples by a Seminested PCR Assay

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1636-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid S. Waage ◽  
Traute Vardund ◽  
Vidar Lund ◽  
Georg Kapperud
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Intergenic Sequence ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Seminested Pcr

ABSTRACT A rapid and sensitive assay was developed for detection of small numbers of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli cells in environmental water, sewage, and food samples. Water and sewage samples were filtered, and the filters were enriched overnight in a nonselective medium. The enrichment cultures were prepared for PCR by a rapid and simple procedure consisting of centrifugation, proteinase K treatment, and boiling. A seminested PCR based on specific amplification of the intergenic sequence between the two Campylobacter flagellin genes, flaA andflaB, was performed, and the PCR products were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. The assay allowed us to detect 3 to 15 CFU of C. jejuni per 100 ml in water samples containing a background flora consisting of up to 8,700 heterotrophic organisms per ml and 10,000 CFU of coliform bacteria per 100 ml. Dilution of the enriched cultures 1:10 with sterile broth prior to the PCR was sometimes necessary to obtain positive results. The assay was also conducted with food samples analyzed with or without overnight enrichment. As few as ≤3 CFU per g of food could be detected with samples subjected to overnight enrichment, while variable results were obtained for samples analyzed without prior enrichment. This rapid and sensitive nested PCR assay provides a useful tool for specific detection of C. jejuni or C. coli in drinking water, as well as environmental water, sewage, and food samples containing high levels of background organisms.

scholarly journals Genetics behind the Biosynthesis of Nonulosonic Acid-Containing Lipooligosaccharides inCampylobacter coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Kolehmainen ◽  
Mirko Rossi ◽  
Jacek Stupak ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
Michel Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Nonulosonic Acid ◽  
Acute Polyneuropathy

ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliare the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world. Ganglioside mimicry byC. jejunilipooligosaccharide (LOS) is the triggering factor of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an acute polyneuropathy. Sialyltransferases from glycosyltransferase family 42 (GT-42) are essential for the expression of ganglioside mimics inC. jejuni. Recently, two novel GT-42 genes,cstIVandcstV, have been identified inC. coli. Despite being present in ∼11% of currently availableC. coligenomes, the biological role ofcstIVandcstVis unknown. In the present investigation, mutation studies with two strains expressing eithercstIVorcstVwere performed and mass spectrometry was used to investigate differences in the chemical composition of LOS. Attempts were made to identify donor and acceptor molecules usingin vitroactivity tests with recombinant GT-42 enzymes. Here we show that CstIV and CstV are involved inC. coliLOS biosynthesis. In particular,cstVis associated with LOS sialylation, whilecstIVis linked to the addition of a diacetylated nonulosonic acid residue.IMPORTANCEDespite the fact thatCampylobacter colia major foodborne pathogen, its glycobiology has been largely neglected. The genetic makeup of theC. colilipooligosaccharide biosynthesis locus was largely unknown until recently.C. coliharbors a large set of genes associated with lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis, including genes for several putative glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of sialylated lipooligosaccharide inCampylobacter jejuni. In the present study,C. coliwas found to express lipooligosaccharide structures containing sialic acid and other nonulosonate acids. These findings have a strong impact on our understanding ofC. coliecology, host-pathogen interaction, and pathogenesis.

Protective effects of Lactobacillus plantarum strain P1 against toxicity of the environmental oestrogen di-n-butyl phthalate in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 803-813
Author(s):  
X. Shi ◽  
C. Hu ◽  
S. Cai ◽  
X. Tao ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Butyl Phthalate ◽  
Maize Oil

Phthalates are contaminants widely distributed in the food-chain, and they are considered as important environmental oestrogens in our lives. In the present study, eight strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated for their ability to adsorb di-n-butyl-phthalate (DBP), and one of the strains, Lactobacillus plantarum strain P1, was selected for more detailed analyses of its phthalate adsorption capacity in vitro. This study also evaluated the in vivo protective effects of strain P1 against DBP toxicity in rats. Sixteen rats were divided into four groups, and animals received by oral gavage every other day for a period of one month saline with or without strain P1 at 2×1011 cfu/kg followed by maize oil with or without DBP (50 mg/kg). Strain P1 could adsorb more DBP than saline alone, and the concentration of mono-n-butyl phthalate in urine was decreased in animals receiving P1. Furthermore, oestrogenic effects of the different treatments were assessed through counting of sperm and observation of testis, and strain P1 could protect the sexual organs of male rats. Our results suggested that P1 is effective against phthalate toxicity due to its ability to adsorb DBP in vivo and could be considered as a new dietary therapeutic strategy against environmental phtalate toxicity.

scholarly journals Activities of Telithromycin, Erythromycin, Fluoroquinolones, and Doxycycline against Campylobacter Strains Isolated from Finnish Subjects

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1086-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Schönberg-Norio ◽  
Marja-Liisa Hänninen ◽  
Marja-Leena Katila ◽  
Suvi-Sirkku Kaukoranta ◽  
Markku Koskela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Foreign Origin

ABSTRACT The in vitro susceptibilities of 478 Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains isolated from Finnish subjects during 2002 to 2004 were determined. Susceptibility to erythromycin remained high, and telithromycin did not offer any advantage over erythromycin. Reduced susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones and doxycycline were detected almost exclusively among isolates of foreign origin.

Protective effects of Lactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium infantis in murine models for colitis do not involve the vagus nerve

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (4) ◽  
pp. R1131-R1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanneke van der Kleij ◽  
Caitlin O'Mahony ◽  
Fergus Shanahan ◽  
Liam O'Mahony ◽  
John Bienenstock
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Cell Transfer ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
T Cell Transfer ◽  
The Brain

The vagus nerve is an important pathway signaling immune activation of the gastrointestinal tract to the brain. Probiotics are live organisms that may engage signaling pathways of the brain-gut axis to modulate inflammation. The protective effects of Lactobacillus reuteri ( LR) and Bifidobacterium infantis ( BI) during intestinal inflammation were studied after subdiaphragmatic vagotomy in acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis in BALB/c mice and chronic colitis induced by transfer of CD4+ CD62L+ T lymphocytes from BALB/c into SCID mice. LR and BI (1 × 109) were given daily. Clinical score, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, and in vivo and in vitro secreted inflammatory cytokine levels were found to be more severe in mice that were vagotomized compared with sham-operated animals. LR in the acute DSS model was effective in decreasing the MPO and cytokine levels in the tissue in sham and vagotomized mice. BI had a strong downregulatory effect on secreted in vitro cytokine levels and had a greater anti-inflammatory effect in vagotomized- compared with sham-operated mice. Both LR and BI retained anti-inflammatory effects in vagotomized mice. In SCID mice, vagotomy did not enhance inflammation, but BI was more effective in vagotomized mice than shams. Taken together, the intact vagus has a protective role in acute DSS-induced colitis in mice but not in the chronic T cell transfer model of colitis. Furthermore, LR and BI do not seem to engage their protective effects via this cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, but the results interestingly show that, in the T cell, transfer model vagotomy had a biological effect, since it increased the effectiveness of the BI in downregulation of colonic inflammation.

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