Saddle and stirrup forces of equestrian riders in sitting trot, rising trot, and trot without stirrups on a riding simulator

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.L. Bye ◽  
V. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right

Studies into horse-saddle-rider interaction demonstrate that increased vertical forces on the horse’s back are potentially damaging to the musculoskeletal system, and any practice that could lead to this warrants investigation. The contribution of the stirrups in stabilising the bodyweight of the rider, and the effect of riding without stirrups on force distribution to the horse, has yet to be fully described in the literature. The current study therefore aimed to compare saddle and stirrup forces in three conditions; sitting trot, rising trot, and sitting trot without stirrups on the riding simulator. Fourteen amateur female riders of mean age 34.6±10 years participated in the study and 20 s of data were collected for saddle and stirrup force across the three conditions. Mean and peak forces were extracted from the data for total force under the whole saddle, left and right sides of the saddle separately, left and right stirrups, and both stirrups combined. Peak vertical saddle forces were significantly higher in sitting trot without stirrups than with (P=0.011). Higher mean and peak saddle forces were seen on the right-hand side in all conditions (P<0.001) and there was an overall tendency for higher left stirrup forces in both sitting and rising trot with this being significant for peak force in sitting trot (P=0.039). The higher forces recorded when trotting without stirrups indicate that the stirrups play an important role in controlling the vertical acceleration of the rider in relation to the horse, however further studies are needed on live horses before any specific recommendations can be made regarding training practices. Asymmetrical saddle forces have a potentially negative effect on the horse and future research should also aim to identify the underlying causes of these patterns of rider asymmetry to improve both horse welfare and performance.

Performance Appraisal, Performance Management and Improving Individual Performance: A Motivational Framework

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo S. DeNisi ◽  
Robert D. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Performance Management Systems ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right

Performance appraisal has been the focus of considerable research for almost a century. Yet, this research has resulted in very few specific recommendations about designing and implementing appraisal and performance management systems whose goal is performance improvement. We believe that a reason for this is that appraisal research became too interested in measurement issues and not interested enough in ways to improve performance, although some recent trends in the area have begun moving the field in the right direction. We review these trends and their genesis, and propose a motivational framework as a means of integrating what we have learned and generating proposals for future research that focus on employee's performance improvement.

scholarly journals Critical and Theoretical Perspective on Scapular Stabilization: What Does It Really Mean, and Are We on the Right Track?

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1162-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. McQuade ◽  
John Borstad ◽  
Anamaria Siriani de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Critical Thought ◽  
Shoulder Dysfunction ◽  
Performance Training ◽  
Core Stabilization ◽  
Historical Analogy ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesia ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right

AbstractStabilization exercises have been a focus and mainstay of many therapeutic and performance training programs in the past decade. Whether the focus is core stabilization for the spine or scapular stabilization, clinicians and trainers alike have endorsed these programs, largely on the basis of conceptual theory and anecdotal experience. The notion that an unstable scapula is related to shoulder dysfunction and pathology is well accepted, but is it accurate? The aim of this perspective article is to challenge the concept of scapular stabilization through the application of biomechanical and motor control constructs. The objectives are to critically examine current beliefs about scapular stabilization, to discuss definitions of stabilization and stability in the context of the scapulothoracic region, and to evaluate key evidence regarding scapular stabilization and scapular dyskinesia. Several new approaches that may affect the understanding of normal and atypical scapula motion are explored. Finally, a historical analogy is presented and future research and clinical directions are suggested. The aims are to lead readers to the essential concepts implied on scapular stabilization, to increase the critical thought process in rehabilitation practice, and to suggest some open topics to be explored in future research.

scholarly journals The Impact of Perceived Subgroup Formation on Transactive Memory Systems and Performance in Distributed Teams

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yide Shen ◽  
Michael J. Gallivan ◽  
Xinlin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Transactive Memory ◽  
Distributed Teams ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Group Members ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

With distributed teams becoming increasingly common in organizations, improving their performance is a critical challenge for both practitioners and researchers. This research examines how group members' perception of subgroup formation affects team performance in fully distributed teams. The authors propose that individual members' perception about the presence of subgroups within the team has a negative effect on team performance, which manifests itself through decreases in a team's transactive memory system (TMS). Using data from 154 members of 41 fully distributed teams (where no group members were colocated), the authors found that members' perceptions of the existence of subgroups impair the team's TMS and its overall performance. They found these effects to be statistically significant. In addition, decreases in a group's TMS partially mediate the effect of perceived subgroup formation on team performance. The authors discuss the implications of their findings for managerial action, as well as for researchers, and they propose directions for future research.

Riders’ perception of symmetrical pressure on their ischial tuberosities and rein contact tension whilst sitting on a static object

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Guire ◽  
H. Mathie ◽  
M. Fisher ◽  
D. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Solid Wall ◽  
Static Model ◽  
Ischial Tuberosity ◽  
Static Object ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ischial Tuberosities ◽  
Paired T Test

The horse-rider system is of great interest in understanding the mechanics involved in optimising locomotor function and performance in the ridden horse. Adult riders (n=30) attending a rider conference volunteered to take part in the study. Riders were asked to mimic riding position by positioning themselves symmetrically on their seat bones (ischial tuberosities) sitting on a (Pliance) pressure mat which was placed on a static platform. Riders were also asked to mimic even rein contact using reins with gauges which were attached to a solid wall. When satisfied that they were sitting symmetrically and had an even rein contact, pressure and rein measurements were captured for 5 s and repeated three times. A paired T Test was carried out to determine differences between left and right ischial tuberosities and rein pressures. Using a static model, this study found that the riders had significantly more pressure beneath the left ischial tuberosity (mean ± standard deviation, 3.22±1.43 N/cm2) compared to the right (2.65±1.49 N/cm2) (P=0.04) and no significant differences were observed between left (6.37±2.42 N) and right rein pressure (6.38±2.66 N) (P=0.95). Whilst sitting on a static platform, differences in ischial tuberosity pressure in adult riders were observed despite these riders’ perception that their seat was symmetrically weighted. These differences observed need to be investigated further, dynamically, to determine if there is a similar trend in the ridden situation.

scholarly journals Top Management Demographics and Performance: An Empirical Investigation of Kenyan State Corporations

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rose N. Mkalama ◽  
Vincent N. Machuki
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Top Management Teams ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper Echelons Theory ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Descriptive Survey

The study investigated the influence of top management demographics on the performance of Kenyan state corporations. Through a cross sectional descriptive survey, data was obtained from 96 Kenyan state corporations using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings indicated that top management demographics had a statistically significant influence on the performance of Kenyan state corporations. The study contributes to the upper echelons theory and resource based theory. Policy makers will also benefit in ensuring that the aspects of top management demographics are properly mainstreamed in order to achieve high organizational performance. Managers who are in charge of attracting the top management teams in organizations will benefit in understanding the importance of having top managers with the right demographics in order to drive strategy. Based on the limitations of the study, areas for future research have been highlighted.

scholarly journals Libertarianism, Left and Right

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mazor ◽  
Peter Vallentyne
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

This chapter explores the libertarian account of distributive justice. It explains the self-ownership thesis and then considers criticisms relating to indeterminacy, small incursions, and enforceable duties of assistance. It then turns to questions relating to natural resources, including whether they are initially owned, the conditions under which they may be appropriated, and the right vs left libertarian debate over whether or not they should ultimately be owned in an egalitarian manner. The chapter then lays out the libertarian account of just economic activity and considers criticisms based on the role of luck, the moral limits of markets, discrimination, paternalism, unjust prices, alternative notions of freedom, the plight of the desperately poor, and market failures. The chapter then concludes by raising important topics for future research, including the moral status of minors, future people, global justice, property rights in non-divisible natural resources, and rectificatory justice.

scholarly journals The effects of hierarchical organizational structure and performance-based human resource system on climate of silence and selfish silence behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-494
Author(s):  
Eunbi Ko ◽  
Youngseok Han
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Silence ◽  
Difference Fields ◽  
Human Resource System ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Resource System

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of hierarchical organizational structure and performance-based human resource system on climate of silence and silence behavior and to reveal this process. Specifically, We will examine the effect the hierarchical organizational structure and performance-based human resource system on organizational silence, the dual mediated effects on climate of silence and psychological unsafety. A total of 300 employee working in a variety of difference fields in Korea participated in an on-line survey, These results showed that hierarchical organizational structure had a positive effect on climate of silence and Performance-based human resource system had a negative effect on climate of silence. Climate of silence had a positive effect on psychological unsafety and Psychological unsafety had a positive effect on defensive silence. The defensive silence a positive effect on acquiescent silence. The hierarchical organizational structure had a effect on defensive silence, through climate of silence and psychological unsafefy, and had a effect on acquiescent silence, through climate of silence, psychology unsafety, and defensive silence. this study is significance to integrately consider the effect of organizational structure, culture and Psychological factor on silence behavior. On the basis of the results, the implications and future research directions were discussed.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KEERGONOMISAN STASIUN KOMPUTER GAME NET PADA RISIKO GANGGUAN OTOT-RANGKA

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Yassierli Yassierli ◽  
Diaz Abdul Aziiz Irawan ◽  
Kartika Kusuma Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Online Game ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Fatigue Development ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

AbstrakMaraknya pengguna online game memicu terjadinya peningkatan jumlah penyedia jasa bermain game net dengan pengguna anak-anak, namun stasiun komputer yang digunakan ditujukan untuk pengguna dewasa. Akibatnya, muncul isu ergonomi yang dapat mengakibatkan keluhan otot rangka dengan salah satu indikatornya adalah kelelahan otot rangka. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh keergonomisan stasiun komputer game net dan dampaknya terhadap tingkat kelelahan otot jari tangan pada anak-anak pengguna online game. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan wawancara pengguna game net (n=166), survei keergonomisan game net (n=18) dan dilanjutkan dengan eksperimen. Pada eksperimen, sebanyak 36 anak (usia 12 tahun) direkrut secara random sebagai partisipan dan diminta bermain selama 4 jam di stasiun komputer game net yang dikategorikan ergonomis dan non-ergonomis berdasarkan hasil survei. Pengukuran kelelahan dilakukan menggunakan tiga tes kekuatan otot jari tangan, yakni tip pinch, key pinch, dan palmar pinch secara bergantian untuk tangan kanan dan kiri setiap satu jam. Kelelahan didefiniskan sebagai kecepatan pengurangan dari kekuatan maksimum terhadap waktu. Berdasarkan hasil uji komparasi t-berpasangan, disimpulkan bahwa keergonomisan stasiun komputer berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kelelahan yang diukur melalui tip pinch dan key pinch untuk tangan kanan dan tangan kiri (p<0.05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya faktor ergonomi dalam rancangan stasiun komputer game net untuk mencegah gangguan otot-rangka. Abstract[Effect of Non-ergonomic Game Net Computer Station on Risks of Musculockeletal Disorders] The number of game net computer station providing online game has dramatically increased in Indonesia. The majority of game net users are children, but the computer stations are designed for adult users. This study was aimed at determining the effect of non-ergonomic game net computer station and its impact on the development of muscle fatigue on children finger. The study consisted of interview of game net users (n=166), survey of game net condition (n=18), and experiment. In the experiment, a total of 36 children (aged 12 years) were recruited as the participant. They were asked to play at both ergonomic and non-ergonomic game net computers for 4 hours. Fatigue development was measured using strength tests of finger muscle, including tip pinch, key pinch, and palmar pinch alternately for the left and right hands in every hour. Fatigue is defined as the rate of reduction in maximum strength by time. Based on t-paired comparison test, it was concluded that the ergonomics condition of computer stations had significant effect on the level of fatigue of children measured through key tip pinch and pinch for the right hand and left hand (p <0.05). The results of this study indicated the importance of ergonomic factors in the design of game net computer station in order to prevent complaint at musculoskeletal system. Keywords: Fatigue, Complaint; Musculoskeletal, Computer; Ergonomics 

Rancangan Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja Berbasis Human Resource Scorecard Pada Universitas Muhammadiyah Luwuk

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Nurhaeda Abbas ◽  
Anggraini Sukmawati ◽  
Muhammad Syamsun
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Performance Measurement System ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
The Relationship

Today the performance measurement of Muhammadiyah Luwuk uUniversity’s performance has not formulated yet based on University’s vision and mission. It will affect the strategic steps needed and performance improvement efforts in the future.  Human resource scorecard is the right system to be applied in Muhammadiyah Luwuk University. The purpose of this study is to designed a performance measurement system at Muhammadiyah Luwuk University using the Human Resource Scorecard with four perspectives: stakeholder, academic management and kemuhammadiyaan, operational and innovation, as well as and learning. Data was analyzed by analytical hierarchy process method. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth interview with stakeholders at Muhammadiyah Luwuk University. The results showed that there were 14 strategic objectives and 33 key performance indicators to be achieved by the priority objectives, which are: empowerment and development of faculty, increased administrative process quality, improved sound budget performance and, improvement of the relationship with stakeholders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document