scholarly journals Influence of Maize Grain Moisture Content on the Insecticidal Efficacy of Wood Ash, Leaf Powder and Diatomaceous Earth Against Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Jean Wini Goudo ◽  
Dieudonne Ndjonka ◽  
Katamssadan Haman Tofe ◽  
Christopher Suh ◽  
Elias Nchiwan Nu
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Maize Grain

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MAIZE WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) INFESTATIONS AND INFECTION BY ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS AND OTHER FUNGI IN STORED CORN

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Dix ◽  
J. N. All
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Bright Blue

Thirty adult maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, were placed in six glass-fronted wooden grain storage bins filled with 7.2 kg of shelled corn at 14% moisture content. An auger plug containing a heavily sporulating culture of Aspergillus flavus Link was added to the center of three infested bins and three noninfested bins. Another three bins of corn were untreated controls. All of the bins were stored for 16 weeks at 24°C. Weevil-infested corn began significantly heating (2°C) within nine weeks and began losing weight within 12 weeks. The distribution of fungal growth, high moisture grain, corn dust caking, and maize weevils coincided, being initially restricted to the lower edges of the containers and gradually migrating upward. An unidentified species of Penicillium (bright blue) was observed sporulating within 11 weeks in weevil-infested bins. The bins containing S. zeamais lost an average of 2% of their initial wet weight, and increased in grain moisture and temperature by 20% and 5°C, respectively. Pencillium (bright blue) comprised > 95% of the inoculum present on kernels, however A. flavus comprised > 90% of the inoculum recovered from surface sterilized maize weevils. Increased mortality of teneral adults occurred in A. flavus-inoculated bins. Corn from weevil-free bins, whether inoculated with A. flavus or not, failed to support fungal growth, heat, or lose weight.

Maize grain moisture content correction: From nonstandard to standard system

2021 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Shang Gao ◽  
Bo Ming ◽  
Lu-lu Li ◽  
Rui-zhi Xie ◽  
Ke-ru Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Standard System ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Maize Grain

scholarly journals Food selection of maize weevil Sitophilus Zeamais (motschulsky)

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Dzuong ◽  
Khuat Dang Long
Keyword(s):  
Food Selection ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Selection Of

The instintive behaviour exhibited by insects in the selecting  food is always a matter of  interests to entomologists, and it is one of the fundamental principles underlining the application of entomology to agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Food seclection is an important characteristic of insects that help them survive in periods with insufficient foods.Three grain types of food, maize grain, long-grain rice and soybean grain, were used in this sudy for detecting food selection behaviours of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. Grains were kept in box traps put in the different stores in Son La during 90 days. The result showed that maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, prefered traps with maize grains (71.4%) considerably more than ones with long-grain rice (14.3%) and soybean grain (14.3%). Meanwhile, the cornsap beetle, Carpophilus dimidiatus, was mostly observed in maize grain (98.5%) and to a lesser degree, in soybean grain (1.5%); and the dried-fruit beetle, Carpophilus hemipterus, was abundantly observed in maize grain (93.1%) and less in soybean grain (6.9%). The red flour, Tribolium castaneum, also tended to select all the three food grain, i.e. maize grain: 53.5%, long-rice grain: 35.2%, and soybean grain: 11.3%.Comparing f beetle individuals captured on three types of food grains showed that the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, is the most abundant species. The percentage this store beetle among all beetles observed in maize, soybean grains and long-rice grains were 57.0%, 84.9% and 27.6%, respectively. Interestingly, Ahasverus advena, foreign grain beetle, occurred abundantly on long-rice gain (61.7%), i.e. this grain is a suitable food for the development of this beetle. 

Efficacy of different hermetic bag storage technologies against insect pests and aflatoxin incidence in stored maize grain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kimondo Mutambuki ◽  
Paddy Likhayo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Aflatoxin Level ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Storage Technologies

Abstract The performance of six grain storage technologies for the control of insect pests in maize was evaluated over a 36-week (9-month) storage period. The six technologies used were: two ZeroFly® hermetic bag brands (laminated and non-laminated); Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bag; non-hermetic ZeroFly® bag; woven polypropylene (PP) bag containing maize grain treated with Actellic Gold® Dust (pirimiphos-methyl 1.6% + thiamethoxam 0.3%) and woven PP bag containing untreated grain. Each bag was filled with 50 kg maize grain and four replicates of each were set up. With the exception of the non-hermetic ZeroFly® bag, 50 live adults of the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus and of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, were introduced into all the bags. Insects were not introduced into the non-hermetic ZeroFly® bag to assess its effectiveness in repelling infestation from outside. Parameters recorded were gas composition (oxygen and carbon dioxide) levels inside the bags; weight of flour generated by insect feeding activities; grain moisture level; live adult insect counts; grain damage and weight loss; grain germination rate and aflatoxin level. At termination, the plastic liners of the hermetic bags were examined for perforations. Results show that oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide evolution were faster in ZeroFly® hermetic compared to PICS bags. Throughout the 36-week storage trial, grain damage remained below 4% and weight loss below 3% in all the treatments except in the untreated PP bags in which it increased to 81.1 and 25.5%, respectively. The hermetic PICS, ZeroFly® and Actellic Gold dust-treated PP bags maintained grain germination at 60%, which was lower than the initial 90%, while in untreated control, it reduced to 4.7%. The mean aflatoxin levels fluctuated between 0.39 and 3.56 parts per billion (ppb) during 24 weeks of storage in all the technologies tested, which is below the acceptable maximum level of 10 ppb in maize. Based on the evaluation results, it can be concluded that hermetic PICS and ZeroFly® bags and woven PP bag with Actellic Gold dust-treated grain effectively protected stored maize grain from insect attack and weight losses. Appropriate strategies and mechanisms for the effective and efficient adoption of hermetic storage bag technology at scale would contribute towards global food security.

scholarly journals Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) Leaf Powder Modulates Metabolism of Maize Weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Tange Denis Achiri ◽  
Eta Carine Agbor ◽  
Ateh Marie Anye ◽  
Assan N. Abdulai ◽  
Divine Nsobinenyui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Program ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
The University ◽  
Different Doses

Aims: Maize grains are severely damaged by maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais. Exploiting botanicals against synthetic insecticides as a control strategy has gained prominence in recent decades. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) to exert some control on S. zeamais. Methodology: Maize and S. zeamais were collected from Muea market in Buea, Cameroon. The maize was heat sterilized and all debris removed. Sitophilus zeamais was reared for three generations before use. Ten S. zeamais were stored with 100 g of maize and 0 g, 2 g, 5 g, and 10 g of shade-dried cypress leaf powder was added in three replicates. Data was collected weekly for 5 weeks and analysis of variance was done. The study was conducted in a laboratory of the Teaching and Research farm in the University of Buea, Cameroon, in a randomized complete design. Results: Mortality of S. zeamais was significantly affected (F = 126.67, df = 3, 8, p < .001) by different doses of cypress leaf powder. The mean mortality was 0%, 40.47%, 50.6% and 70.67% for control, 2 g, 5 g and 10 g of cypress leaf powder, respectively. Grain damaged (%) and holed grain were also influenced by cypress leaf powder. The highest grain damaged and holed grain were from the control treatment. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.814, p < .001) was observed between grain damaged and holed grain while a strong negative correlation was observed between mortality and holed grain (r = -0.926, p < .001), and grain damaged (r = -0.913, p < .001). Conclusion: It is revealed that cypress leaf powder can alter some metabolic activities of S. zeamais, thus it can play a role in an integrated pest management program (IPM) of S. zeamais in maize storage.

scholarly journals Management of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) using Nigerian Raw Diatomite

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1663-1669
Author(s):  
M.A. Medugu ◽  
E. Okrikata ◽  
D.M. Dunuwel
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Tolerant Variety ◽  
Maize Grain

Maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, whose management has largely been via traditional control practices, is a key pest of stored maize grains causing severe losses. This study explored the use of Nigerian Raw Diatomite (RD) in the management of the weevil. A 3-replicated split plot designed laboratory experiment was conducted for 6 months duration. The treatments were Raw Diatomite (RD) at the rate of 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg and a control (untreated) across four improved maize grain varieties. Data collected were on mortality, F1 progeny produced, grain weight damage, and loss. Data were analyzed with variance analysis and significantly different means were separated using Turkey Kramer HSD test at P<0.05. Results showed that the control had the least weevil mortality across the varieties throughout the periods of assessment. Highest weevil mortality was recorded with increase in dose rates of RD and progresses to 100% - largely at the 14th day post-treatment. Control recorded the highest weight loss and grain damage of 16.5% and 38.1%, respectively when compared to all the other treatment rates on the most tolerant variety (SAMMAZ 25). The study revealed that RD had a promising potential to substitute synthetic insecticides and can be incorporated into the integrated pest management strategy against maize weevil. We therefore suggest that further work be done to refine the Nigerian RD so as to standardize the most effective dosage application rate for management of insect pests of stored maize and other cereals. Keywords: Raw Diatomite, Sitophilus zeamais, Maize grain damage

scholarly journals Olfactory responses of Sitophilus zeamais L. to bushmint leaf powder and methanol extract on stored maize

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A.M. Noudegbessi ◽  
O.Y. Alabi ◽  
R. Sikirou
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Adult Weevil

Bushmint (Hyptis suaveolens Poit) is a weed with pesticidal properties that have been explored in managing pests of agricultural and medicinal importance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the repellence ability of Hyptis suaveolens to prevent infestation of stored maize grain seed. The study involved evaluation of the olfactory responses of adult weevil to maize (Zea mays L.) grains treated with 5, 10, 15 and 20% concentrations of leaf powder (LP) and methanol extract (ME) of Hyptis suaveolens in the laboratory, with a static air four-chamber olfactometer. Also, the insecticidal effects of the substances on adult mortality and oviposition on maize grains treated with LP and ME were determined in a completely randomised design, with four replicates. The number of weevils in ME chambers decreased with increase in concentration of extracts; while the LP chambers had consistently fewer weevils with numbers, ranging from 2.5 to 3.75. Adult mortality in maize treated with LP was the least and varied between 0.00 (15% concentration) and 2.54% (20% concentration). Maize grains with ME caused significant mortalities that ranged from 65.50% at 15% concentration to 94.92% at 10% concentration. More eggs (3.5 to 5.75) were laid on maize with LP compared with ME treated maize. Generally, ME was richer in phytochemicals than LP. Hyptis suaveolens repellence manifested more in the form of LP than as ME; though ME caused more adult mortality and reduced oviposition than LP.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF MAIZE WEEVIL WITH APPLICATION OF DIATOMACEOUS EARTH IN CORN GRAINS STORED IN DIVERSE TEMPERATURES

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-411
Author(s):  
Henrique Delevati Fagundes ◽  
Rafael Gomes Dionello ◽  
Lauri Lourenço Radünz ◽  
Francisco Wilson Reichert Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Weight Decrease ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Different Doses

The insect known as maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) is one of the most important pests of stored corn in Brazil. Among the various forms of control, one can highlight the use of inert powders, which has advantages of not providing risk to the environment or to human and animal health, besides not having reports of insect resistance. Thus, this work evaluated the effect of different doses of diatomaceous earth on the development of Sitophilus zeamais on two temperature conditions on corn grain storage. A completely randomized design was adopted in a factorial 4x2x4 (diatomaceous earth dose x storage temperature x storage time) dosage, with three replicates. The diatomaceous earth doses were: 0, 250, 500 and 1000 g t-1 and subsequently stored at temperatures of 22 and 30°C for 90 days. The bulk density decreased during the storage for all diatomaceous earth doses applied, but in inverse proportion to the dose increment. Diatomaceous earth has proven better efficiency in the control of S. zeamais, with increase in dose and storage temperature. Dry weight decrease was observed in all doses and storage temperatures evaluated, but it was more pronounced in those grains that have not received the application of diatomaceous earth.

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