Nitrogen Fertilizer Affecting Growth, Seed Yield and Active Substances of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 1345-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Omidbaigi . ◽  
A. Nobakht .
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Active Substances

scholarly journals Influence of irrigation and row spacing on the growth, seed yield and active substance of milk thistle (Silybum marianum)

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Karimzedah ◽  
R. Omidbaigi ◽  
Bakhshai D.
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Suitable Amount ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Active Substances

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) has been used in medicine since ancient times, but it has been cultivated as a medicinal plant only in recent decades. The ripe fruit of milk thistle contains flavonoids, which are used to prepare anti-hepatotoxic drugs. The main purpose of this study was to substantiate the effects of irrigation and row spacing on growth, seed yield and the content of active substances (silybin and silymarin) in milk thistle. The results showed that the suitable amount of irrigation was 20 mm and the appropriate row spacing was 25 cm.  

scholarly journals Effect of nutrient management on yield attributes and yield of milk thistle (Silybum marianum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Yield Attributes

The objective of this experiment is to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer dosses on the yield attributed and seed yield of silybum during rabi season 2018-19 towards development of new agrotechnology. For this purpose, different fertilizer dosses were evaluated and their responses were ascertained with respect to yield attributes and economic yield of silybum. The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of four treatments of different nitrogen doses viz., T1 (control), T2 (NPK @ 80:80:60/ha), T3 (NPK @ 100:80:60/ha) and T4 (NPK @ 120:80:60/ha kg NPK ha-1) with the spacing 50*50cm row to row & plant to plant respectively with three replicates. The result showed significant influence of higher nitrogen doses T4 (NPK @ 120:80:60/ha kg NPK ha-1) produced higher economic seed yield (9.35 q/ha-1 ­­) followed by T3 (NPK @ 100:80:60/ha) NPK  produced (8.50 q/ha-1 ­) and  T2 (NPK @ 80:80:60/ha) produced (6.60 q/ha­­­) seed yield, and lowest seed yield (2.55 q/ha) were recorded in T1(control) without fertilizer. The observation recorded revealed highest economic yield attribute  like; plant height (288.00 cm), canopy  ( 102.1 * 99.2 cm),  number of leaf (10) and highest seed yield (9.35 q/ha) were recorded in T4 application of NPK @ 120:80:60/ha kg NPK ha-1 as compared to other treatments. Therefore, recommended application of NPK @ 120:80:60/ha kg NPK ha-1 is recommended for quality cultivation of silybum to get higher economic yield and return.

scholarly journals Impact of Plant Density and Mepiquat Chloride on Growth, Yield, and Silymarin Content of Silybum marianum Grown under Mediterranean Semi-Arid Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arampatzis ◽  
Karkanis ◽  
Tsiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is a promising new crop in the Mediterranean region. Its seeds contain silymarin, a complex of flavonolignans, which is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, mainly to produce dietary supplements. To meet the increasing demand for milk thistle, the production and productivity of milk thistle should also be optimized by employing adequate cultivation practices. In the present study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of plant density and a plant growth regulator on milk thistle crop growth, seed yield, and silymarin accumulation under Mediterranean semi-arid conditions. Our results showed that plant density had a significant impact on milk thistle crop growth and seed yield. The main crop characteristics, such as height, aboveground biomass, and seed yield were greatest when plant density was the highest. Increased plant density significantly reduced the silymarin content only in 2018. In contrast, mepiquat chloride (MC) treatment did not affect the following traits: plant biomass, relative chlorophyll content, silymarin content, and production. Nevertheless, mepiquat chloride reduced the plant height by 7.9%–14.8%, depending on the application rates and growth conditions. Moreover, the impact of climatic conditions on milk thistle production and quality was significant, since the lowest values of silymarin content and seed yield were recorded in the year with drought conditions during the period from March to May.

scholarly journals Presence of Mycotoxins in Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Food Supplements: A Review

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Darina Pickova ◽  
Vladimir Ostry ◽  
Jakub Toman ◽  
Frantisek Malir
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Alternariol Methyl Ether ◽  
The World ◽  
European Union Legislation ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects ◽  
Active Substances

The consumption of herbal-based supplements, which are believed to have beneficial effects on human health with no side effects, has become popular around the world and this trend is still increasing. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn, commonly known as milk thistle (MT), is the most commonly studied herb associated with the treatment of liver diseases. The hepatoprotective effects of active substances in silymarin, with silybin being the main compound, have been demonstrated in many studies. However, MT can be affected by toxigenic micro-fungi and contaminated by mycotoxins with adverse effects. The beneficial effect of silymarin can thus be reduced or totally antagonized by mycotoxins. MT has proven to be affected by micro-fungi of the Fusarium and Alternaria genera, in particular, and their mycotoxins. Alternariol-methyl-ether (AME), alternariol (AOH), beauvericin (BEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), enniatin A (ENNA), enniatin A1 (ENNA1), enniatin B (ENNB), enniatin B1 (ENNB1), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), T-2 toxin (T-2), tentoxin (TEN), and zearalenone (ZEA) seem to be most significant in MT-based dietary supplements. This review focuses on summarizing cases of mycotoxins in MT to emphasize the need for strict monitoring and regulation, as mycotoxins in relation with MT-based dietary supplements are not covered by European Union legislation.

The pathogen of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) in the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 538-544
Author(s):  
Ivana Safrankova ◽  
Kolackova P ◽  
Rutivckova G
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Medicinal Herb ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
The Czech Republic

Milk thistle is grown in the Czech Republic as a medicinal herb; silymarin is isolated from its achenes and used for the production of liver and gallbladder medicine. The quality and content of the active compound is influenced not only by environmental factors, but also by pests and pathogens. The occurrence of pests of milk thistle variety Silyb was observed in two localities during the years 2011 2013. In the year 2011 the mycoflora of seeds of four milk thistle varieties was determined. Representatives of 15 species were isolated from the seeds, most of them saprophytic. 21 fungal species were isolated and identified from milk thistle plants during the vegetation; Septoria silybi among the most important ones. Possibilities of protection of milt thistle against pathogens are discussed.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) against Aflatoxin B1 in Broiler Chicks

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chand ◽  
Din Muhammad ◽  
F. R. Durrani ◽  
M. Subhan Qureshi ◽  
Sahibzada S Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Silybum Marianum
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