Evaluation of Nitrogen and Flower Pruning Effects on Growth, Seed Yield and Active Substances of Milk Thistle

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 678-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Estaji ◽  
Mohammad Kazem Souri ◽  
Reza Omidbaigi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Active Substances

scholarly journals Influence of irrigation and row spacing on the growth, seed yield and active substance of milk thistle (Silybum marianum)

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Karimzedah ◽  
R. Omidbaigi ◽  
Bakhshai D.
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Suitable Amount ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Active Substances

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) has been used in medicine since ancient times, but it has been cultivated as a medicinal plant only in recent decades. The ripe fruit of milk thistle contains flavonoids, which are used to prepare anti-hepatotoxic drugs. The main purpose of this study was to substantiate the effects of irrigation and row spacing on growth, seed yield and the content of active substances (silybin and silymarin) in milk thistle. The results showed that the suitable amount of irrigation was 20 mm and the appropriate row spacing was 25 cm.  

FEASIBILITY STUDY RESULT ON INTRODUCING MILK THISTLE (SILYBUMMARIANUM L.) IN MONGOLIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
L Batmunkh ◽  
S Ariunaa ◽  
B Batdelger
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World

Milk thistle, Silybummarianum (L.)Gaertn.,is grown throughout the world for its hepatoprotectant flavonolignans, known collectively as silymarin. Silymarin is found primarily in the seeds. Milk thistle was grown outdoor field for determination of plant growth, seed yield under various variants of row spacing (30x20, 40x20 and 50x20) and different sowing dates (May 20, May 30 and June 10). Plant height measured (ranging from 43.5-82.6cm)and yield (ranging from 5.24-70.31cg/ha) that there was a significant difference among different sowing dates and row spacing.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 73-75

scholarly journals Impact of Plant Density and Mepiquat Chloride on Growth, Yield, and Silymarin Content of Silybum marianum Grown under Mediterranean Semi-Arid Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arampatzis ◽  
Karkanis ◽  
Tsiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is a promising new crop in the Mediterranean region. Its seeds contain silymarin, a complex of flavonolignans, which is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, mainly to produce dietary supplements. To meet the increasing demand for milk thistle, the production and productivity of milk thistle should also be optimized by employing adequate cultivation practices. In the present study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of plant density and a plant growth regulator on milk thistle crop growth, seed yield, and silymarin accumulation under Mediterranean semi-arid conditions. Our results showed that plant density had a significant impact on milk thistle crop growth and seed yield. The main crop characteristics, such as height, aboveground biomass, and seed yield were greatest when plant density was the highest. Increased plant density significantly reduced the silymarin content only in 2018. In contrast, mepiquat chloride (MC) treatment did not affect the following traits: plant biomass, relative chlorophyll content, silymarin content, and production. Nevertheless, mepiquat chloride reduced the plant height by 7.9%–14.8%, depending on the application rates and growth conditions. Moreover, the impact of climatic conditions on milk thistle production and quality was significant, since the lowest values of silymarin content and seed yield were recorded in the year with drought conditions during the period from March to May.

Subcritical water extraction of biologically active substances from milk thistle seed (Silybum murianum L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 1211-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Platonov ◽  
N. V. Nikitchenko ◽  
L. A. Onuchak ◽  
Yu. I. Arutyunov ◽  
V. A. Kurkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
Active Substances

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN ON THE CONTENT OF FATTY OIL AND OTHER BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE FRUITS OF MILK THISTLE SPOTTED

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Arsen Shamsudinovich Ramazanov ◽  
Shamsiyat Abdulmejidovna Balayeva ◽  
Oleg Borisovich Rudakov ◽  
Igor' Aleksandrovich Saranov
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fatty Oil ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Active Substances

The object of the study was the fruits of milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L) Gaertn.] and fatty oil obtained from them by hexane extraction in the Soxlet apparatus. The aim of the study was to study the influence of natural and climatic conditions on the accumulation of fatty oil and other biologically active substances in the fruits of milk thistle growing on the territory of the Republic of Dagestan. It was found that the content of fatty oil and proteins in the fruits of milk thistle increases with a decrease in air temperature, an increase in the amount of precipitation and soil moisture at the place of growth; the content of carbohydrates and flavolignans in the studied samples of milk thistle fruits is inversely dependent on the content of fatty oil. It was revealed that with an increase in the amount of precipitation and a decrease in the amount of active temperatures during the change of the natural and climatic zone from the foothill Kaitagsky to the high-mountain Kulinsky district, the total content of unsaturated fatty acids, primarily linoleic acid, in milk thistle oil samples decreases. The method of differential scanning calorimetry has been used to study the thermophysical properties of the fatty oil of milk thistle growing in the Kulinsky, Levashinsky and Kaitagsky districts of Dagestan. The results of the thermal analysis are in good agreement with the conclusions obtained from the results of chemical and chromatographic analysis, differential scanning calorimetry allows us to identify trends in the change in the fatty acid and triglyceride composition of milk thistle fatty oil, depending on the natural and climatic conditions of the growth of milk thistle.

scholarly journals Presence of Mycotoxins in Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Food Supplements: A Review

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Darina Pickova ◽  
Vladimir Ostry ◽  
Jakub Toman ◽  
Frantisek Malir
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Alternariol Methyl Ether ◽  
The World ◽  
European Union Legislation ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects ◽  
Active Substances

The consumption of herbal-based supplements, which are believed to have beneficial effects on human health with no side effects, has become popular around the world and this trend is still increasing. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn, commonly known as milk thistle (MT), is the most commonly studied herb associated with the treatment of liver diseases. The hepatoprotective effects of active substances in silymarin, with silybin being the main compound, have been demonstrated in many studies. However, MT can be affected by toxigenic micro-fungi and contaminated by mycotoxins with adverse effects. The beneficial effect of silymarin can thus be reduced or totally antagonized by mycotoxins. MT has proven to be affected by micro-fungi of the Fusarium and Alternaria genera, in particular, and their mycotoxins. Alternariol-methyl-ether (AME), alternariol (AOH), beauvericin (BEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), enniatin A (ENNA), enniatin A1 (ENNA1), enniatin B (ENNB), enniatin B1 (ENNB1), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), T-2 toxin (T-2), tentoxin (TEN), and zearalenone (ZEA) seem to be most significant in MT-based dietary supplements. This review focuses on summarizing cases of mycotoxins in MT to emphasize the need for strict monitoring and regulation, as mycotoxins in relation with MT-based dietary supplements are not covered by European Union legislation.

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