scholarly journals Impact of Plant Density and Mepiquat Chloride on Growth, Yield, and Silymarin Content of Silybum marianum Grown under Mediterranean Semi-Arid Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arampatzis ◽  
Karkanis ◽  
Tsiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is a promising new crop in the Mediterranean region. Its seeds contain silymarin, a complex of flavonolignans, which is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, mainly to produce dietary supplements. To meet the increasing demand for milk thistle, the production and productivity of milk thistle should also be optimized by employing adequate cultivation practices. In the present study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of plant density and a plant growth regulator on milk thistle crop growth, seed yield, and silymarin accumulation under Mediterranean semi-arid conditions. Our results showed that plant density had a significant impact on milk thistle crop growth and seed yield. The main crop characteristics, such as height, aboveground biomass, and seed yield were greatest when plant density was the highest. Increased plant density significantly reduced the silymarin content only in 2018. In contrast, mepiquat chloride (MC) treatment did not affect the following traits: plant biomass, relative chlorophyll content, silymarin content, and production. Nevertheless, mepiquat chloride reduced the plant height by 7.9%–14.8%, depending on the application rates and growth conditions. Moreover, the impact of climatic conditions on milk thistle production and quality was significant, since the lowest values of silymarin content and seed yield were recorded in the year with drought conditions during the period from March to May.

scholarly journals Influence of irrigation and row spacing on the growth, seed yield and active substance of milk thistle (Silybum marianum)

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Karimzedah ◽  
R. Omidbaigi ◽  
Bakhshai D.
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Suitable Amount ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Active Substances

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) has been used in medicine since ancient times, but it has been cultivated as a medicinal plant only in recent decades. The ripe fruit of milk thistle contains flavonoids, which are used to prepare anti-hepatotoxic drugs. The main purpose of this study was to substantiate the effects of irrigation and row spacing on growth, seed yield and the content of active substances (silybin and silymarin) in milk thistle. The results showed that the suitable amount of irrigation was 20 mm and the appropriate row spacing was 25 cm.  

Dynamic analysis of the impact of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on biomass and N uptake in two contrasting genotypes of rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wu ◽  
Herbert J. Kronzucker ◽  
Weiming Shi
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Impact

Elevated CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) in the atmosphere often increase photosynthetic rates and crop yields. However, the degree of the CO2 enhancement varies substantially among cultivars and with growth stage. Here, we examined the responses of two rice cultivars, Wuyunjing23 (WYJ) and IIyou084 (IIY), to two [CO2] (~400 vs ~600) and two nitrogen (N) provision conditions at five growth stages. In general, both seed yield and aboveground biomass were more responsive to elevated [CO2] in IIY than WYJ. However, the responses significantly changed at different N levels and growth stages. At the low N input, yield response to elevated [CO2] was negligible in both cultivars while, at the normal input, yield in IIY was 18.8% higher under elevated [CO2] than ambient [CO2]. Also, responses to elevated [CO2] significantly differed among various growth stages. Elevated [CO2] tended to increase aboveground plant biomass in both cultivars at the panicle initiation (PI) and the heading stages, but this effect was significant only in IIY by the mid-ripening and the grain maturity stages. In contrast, CO2 enhancement of root biomass only occurred in IIY. Elevated [CO2] increased both total N uptake and seed N in IIY but only increased seed N in WYJ, indicating that it enhanced N translocation to seeds in both cultivars but promoted plant N acquisition only in IIY. Root C accumulation and N uptake also exhibited stronger responses in IIY than in WYJ, particularly at the heading stage, which may play a pivotal role in seed filling and seed yield. Our results showed that the more effective use of CO2 in IIY compared with WYJ results in a strong response in root growth, nitrogen uptake, and in yield. These findings suggest that selection of [CO2]-responsive rice cultivars may help optimise the rice yield under future [CO2] scenarios.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilizer type and Plant Density on Flavonoligans Yield of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) under Rainfed and Irrigated Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (special) ◽  
pp. 363-380
Author(s):  
A. A. Askari ◽  
◽  
Sh. O. Baban ◽  
R. M. Ahmed ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Silybum Marianum

Genetic gain in grain yield and oil content of Noug (Guizotia abyssinica) in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 2234-2251
Author(s):  
A. H. Wirtu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Guizotia Abyssinica ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Periodic Evaluation ◽  
The Impact

The primary and extended objective of plant breeding is to advance productivity to match the lengthening food requirements of people. Estimation of genetic advance from a breeding program and periodic evaluation of improvement in the genetic gain of a crop through released varieties is therefore needed to perceive changes and success generated by breeding activities. Periodic valuation of genetic progress of crop varieties is required to perceive the effectiveness of past breeding activities in genetic yield potential and prompt future selection criteria to aid further improvement. A total of 5 varieties have been released in Ethiopia, from 1988 to 2010. However, the level of genetic progress was not quantified. This study aimed to assess the genetic gain in seed yield potential and oil content of Noug (Guizotia abyssinica) and estimate changes made to yield related traits by genetic improvement of the crop. The experiment was conducted using 5 noug improved varieties and one local variety arranged in RCBD with four replications in 2016/17 main cropping season under rainfed condition. Results indicated that seed yield increased significantly during these 22 years. The estimated annual yield gain was 10.36 kg ha-1 year–1(1.58% per year), reflecting the important efforts of the past breeding programs. Number of head per plant, number of seed per head, Seed yield per plant, biomass yield, harvest and oil content were also increased significantly by 1.72%, 1.71%, 1.85%, 0.33%, 1.03% and 0.34% per year, respectively. The endeavor should be encouraged and extended to accomplish more advances in these and other relevant traits. Noug breeding has not ascertained plateau in Ethiopia. Thus, development of higher yielding varieties of noug should persist to lengthen Noug grain yields if past tendency intends the prospective. To see the impact of the accomplishment in the genetic advance of noug research, it is compulsory to covenant huge scale popularization of the released varieties.

scholarly journals Yield Performance and Response to High Plant Densities of Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars under Semi-Arid Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Alma Delia Baez-Gonzalez ◽  
Ricardo Fajardo-Diaz ◽  
Jose Saul Padilla-Ramirez ◽  
Esteban Salvador Osuna-Ceja ◽  
James R. Kiniry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Semi Arid

To identify eco-efficient bean cultivars that can be planted at high densities for sustainable bean production under climate change, this study analyzed the performance of ten dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars grown at 90,000, 145,000 and 260,000 plants ha−1 under rainfed semi-arid conditions in Mexico. The study compared the yield and yield components (leaf area index (LAI), pods per plant, and hundred seed weight) of the cultivars. We also analyzed the dry matter distribution (DMD), growth rate (GR), radiation use efficiency (RUE), and harvest index (HI) of the best performing cultivars to determine how they respond to higher densities. The cultivars were established under similar planting and management conditions during two growing seasons. The precipitation for the first and second seasons were 175 and 492 mm, respectively, representing 57% and 160% of the mean precipitation in the area during the July–October growing period. Pinto Saltillo, a drought-tolerant indeterminate semi-prostrate cultivar, and Azufrado 2, a determinate shrub cultivar, performed best at high densities under low-precipitation conditions (175 mm). Both cultivars responded to the highest density (260,000 plants ha−1) with increases of 54% to 69% (0.7 to 1.1) in LAI and 21% to 86% (0.32–0.81 Mg ha−1) in yield. The two cultivars responded to increasing plant density with a modification in their fraction of DMD over plant parts and a change in their GR from 0.23–0.25 at low density to 0.96–1.74 gr m−2 day−1 at high density. The two cultivars had an RUE of 3.8 to 4.4 g MJ−1 and HI of 0.31 to 0.36 at high planting density. Farmers’ use of these commercially available cultivars proven to have high yields and the ability to respond favorably to high densities under rainfed conditions can be a viable short-term strategy to increase dry bean production for sustainable agriculture in semi-arid temperate regions.

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