scholarly journals Role of Rosa damascena Mill. Flowers in the Treatment of Obesity and Obesity-Related Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Kamran Javed Naqu ◽  
S.H. Ansari ◽  
Javed Ahamad ◽  
A.K. Najmi ◽  
Showkat R. Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

scholarly journals Improvement of obesity-associated disorders by a small-molecule drug targeting mitochondria of adipose tissue macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawei Wang ◽  
Binlin Tang ◽  
Lei Long ◽  
Peng Luo ◽  
Wei Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mitochondrial Metabolism ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Macrophages ◽  
Inflammatory Activation ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents

AbstractPro-inflammatory activation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) is causally linked to obesity and obesity-associated disorders. A number of studies have demonstrated the crucial role of mitochondrial metabolism in macrophage activation. However, there is a lack of pharmaceutical agents to target the mitochondrial metabolism of ATMs for the treatment of obesity-related diseases. Here, we characterize a near-infrared fluorophore (IR-61) that preferentially accumulates in the mitochondria of ATMs and has a therapeutic effect on diet-induced obesity as well as obesity-associated insulin resistance and fatty liver. IR-61 inhibits the classical activation of ATMs by increasing mitochondrial complex levels and oxidative phosphorylation via the ROS/Akt/Acly pathway. Taken together, our findings indicate that specific enhancement of ATMs oxidative phosphorylation improves chronic inflammation and obesity-related disorders. IR-61 might be an anti-inflammatory agent useful for the treatment of obesity-related diseases by targeting the mitochondria of ATMs.

scholarly journals Targeting Autophagy to Counteract Obesity-Associated Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Federico Pietrocola ◽  
José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Obesity Therapy ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Shed Light

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) operate as key regulators of cellular homeostasis within a physiological range of concentrations, yet they turn into cytotoxic entities when their levels exceed a threshold limit. Accordingly, ROS are an important etiological cue for obesity, which in turn represents a major risk factor for multiple diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. Therefore, the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies to improve the obese phenotype by targeting oxidative stress is of great interest for the scientific community. To this end, it is of high importance to shed light on the mechanisms through which cells curtail ROS production or limit their toxic effects, in order to harness them in anti-obesity therapy. In this review, we specifically discuss the role of autophagy in redox biology, focusing on its implication in the pathogenesis of obesity. Because autophagy is specifically triggered in response to redox imbalance as a quintessential cytoprotective mechanism, maneuvers based on the activation of autophagy hold promises of efficacy for the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related morbidities.

scholarly journals Role of phytotherapy in the prevention and treatment of obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (19) ◽  
pp. 763-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Balázs
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

A túlsúly és az elhízás bizonyítottan a jövő egyik legjelentősebb egészségügyi problémája. A fejlett országokban a túlsúlyos és elhízott emberek aránya ötévente megduplázódik. Egy európai vizsgálat adatai szerint minden második felnőtt túlsúlyos, és a becslések szerint 2000 és 2030 között az elhízottak száma megduplázódhat. Ahogy növekszik világszerte az elhízottak és a cukorbetegek száma, úgy nő az érdeklődés a természetes alapú készítmények iránt. Az elhízás terápiájában több száz gyógynövény ismert, de a forgalmazott és alkalmazott teakeverékeket szájhagyomány vagy más információforrás alapján alkalmazzák. A nagyszámú növény botanikailag rendkívül sokféle, számos rendszertani egységből kerül ki, így az sem meglepő, hogy a hatóanyagok kémiailag szintén sokfélék. A különböző hatóanyagok más-más hatásmechanizmuson keresztül fejtik ki hatásukat. Az elhízás, a diabetes kezelésére engedélyezett növényi gyógyszerkészítmény még nincs forgalomban, így a lakosság vagy engedély nélküli, vagy ismeretlen minőségű, vagy más célra engedélyezett termékeket fogyaszt. Ez a helyzet sok országra jellemző, ami visszaélésekre ad lehetőséget, valamint a betegek számára sem ad kellő biztonságot a gyógynövények alkalmazásában.

scholarly journals Peripheral tissue–brain interactions in the regulation of food intake

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel López ◽  
Sulay Tovar ◽  
María J. Vázquez ◽  
Lynda M. Williams ◽  
Carlos Diéguez
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Peripheral Tissue ◽  
Feeding Regulation ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Brain Interactions

More than 70 years ago the glucostatic, lipostatic and aminostatic hypotheses proposed that the central nervous system sensed circulating levels of different metabolites, changing feeding behaviour in response to the levels of those molecules. In the last 20 years the rapid increase in obesity and associated pathologies in developed countries has involved a substantial increase in the knowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanism regulating body mass. This effort has resulted in the recent discovery of new peripheral signals, such as leptin and ghrelin, as well as new neuropeptides, such as orexins, involved in body-weight homeostasis. The present review summarises research into energy balance, starting from the original classical hypotheses proposing metabolite sensing, through peripheral tissue–brain interactions and coming full circle to the recently-discovered role of hypothalamic fatty acid synthase in feeding regulation. Understanding these molecular mechanisms will provide new pharmacological targets for the treatment of obesity and appetite disorders.

The Role of Drugs in the Treatment of Obesity

Drugs ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 362-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Douglas ◽  
J.F. Munro
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Of Obesity

scholarly journals Efficiency Biliopancreatic bypass surgery in bulimia nervosa

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Yu I Yashkov ◽  
D K Bekuzarov ◽  
A V Nikol'skiy
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

A clinical significance in the treatment of bulimia nervosa patients with morbid obesity had already been raised [10, 13], but we did not find publications on the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in these cases. There is also information about the possibility of applying the operation bilio-pancreatic bypass, effective in patients with morbid obesity with uncontrolled eating behavior for the treatment of patients with anorexia BILIM not suffering from morbid obesity. In this article the data of clinical observation of a small sample of patients. As a result, the treatment of these patients found that severe nervous BILIM can be seen as a latent form of morbid obesity. The choice of treatment should depend not only on the initial body weight of the patient, but also on the severity of the nervous BILIM. Unsuccessful attempts at organized-balanced, conservative treatment of patients with severe bulimia nervosa may be considered a variant of surgical treatment, while bilio-pancreatic bypass surgery is considered as the most preferred operation, compared with the installation of the gastric balloon and others. All candidates for surgical treatment of obesity must identify clinical signs of bulimia nervosa, as this may influence the choice of method of operation. Further study of the role of hyperinsulinemia, secretion of ghrelin, leptin, intestinal peptide may contribute to the elucidation of the true causes of bulimia nervosa, probably has a similar origin with morbid obesity.

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiota, obesity and prebiotics

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BARCZYNSKA ◽  
K. BANDURSKA ◽  
K. SLIZEWSKA ◽  
M. LITWIN ◽  
M. SZALECKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Over the past few decades there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity in both children and adults. Obesity is a disease that has reached epidemic levels on a global scale. The development of obesity is associated with both environmental and genetic factors. Recent studies indicate that intestinal microorganisms play an important function in maintaining normal body weight. One of the objectives in the gut microbiota research is to determine the role it plays and can it be a reliable biomarker of disease risk, including the predisposition to obesity. This article discusses (1) the role of prebiotics and gut microbiota in maintaining a healthy body weight and (2) potential influence on the gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of obesity.

Role of impulsivity and reward in the anti-obesity actions of 5-HT2C receptor agonists

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1403-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy A Higgins ◽  
Fiona D Zeeb ◽  
Paul J Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Conditioned Reward ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Subsequent Phase ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Phase Ii And Iii ◽  
Modest Effect

The selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist lorcaserin entered clinical obesity trials with the prevalent view that satiety was a primary mechanism of action. Subsequent Phase II and III trials demonstrated efficacy in terms of weight loss, although the overall effect size (~3% placebo-corrected change) is considered modest. Lorcaserin has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of obesity with lifestyle modification, but since its introduction in 2013 its sales are in decline, probably due to its overall modest effect. However, in some individuals, lorcaserin has a much more clinically significant effect (i.e. >10% placebo-corrected change), although what common features, if any, define these high responders is presently unknown. In the present article we highlight the evidence that alternative mechanisms to satiety may contribute to the anti-obesity effect of lorcaserin, namely effects on constructs of primary and conditioned reward and impulsivity. This may better inform the clinical evaluation of lorcaserin (and any future 5-HT2C receptor agonists) to subgroups of obese subjects characterized by overeating due to maladaptive impulsivity and reward mechanisms. One such population might be individuals diagnosed with binge eating disorder.

The role of exercise in the treatment of obesity

Nutrition ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne B Votruba ◽  
Micah A Horvitz ◽  
Dale A Schoeller
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Of Obesity
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