Emergent Surgical Reduction and Fixation for Pipkin Type I Femoral Fractures

SummaryTwo young dogs examined for hindlimb lameness were found to have healed femoral fractures, 2-4 cm of femoral shortening, and 1 cm of compensatory ipsilateral tibial overgrowth. Neither dog had had surgery or internal fixation. Although tibial overgrowth partially corrected for limb shortening, both dogs had chronic intermittent lameness due to malformation of the femoral condyles and secondary stifle osteoarthritis.Compensatory tibial overgrowth was found in two young dogs with femoral fractures which had healed without any surgical reduction or internal fixation. Tibial overgrowth of approximately 1 cm in each case partially compensated for 2-4 cm of femoral shortening.

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A Modification of the Unilateral Type I External Skeletal Fixator Configuration for Primary or Secondary Support of Supracondylar Humeral and Femoral Fractures

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1636497 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 03 (04) ◽

pp. 130-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

P. D. Schwarz ◽

E. L. Egger ◽

D. L. Piermattei ◽

S. E. Klause

Keyword(s):

Cortical Bone ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Femoral Fractures ◽

Humeral Fractures ◽

Type I ◽

Supracondylar Fractures ◽

Application Technique ◽

Secondary Support ◽

Clinical Cases

SummaryA modification of the unilateral Type I external skeletal fixator was developed for use in repair of supracondylar femoral and humeral fractures. The application technique and the results of its use in five clinical cases are discussed. In comminuted supracondylar fractures with loss of cortical bone structure, the modified unilateral Type I external skeletal fixator appears to have advantages over other external skeletal fixator configurations and bone plating.A modification of the unilateral Type I external skeletal fixator (ESF) was developed for use in repair of supracondylar femoral and humeral fractures. In comminuted supracondylar fractures with loss of cortical bone structure, the modified Type IESF appears to have advantages over other ESF configurations and bone plating.

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Bisphosphonate Treatment and the Characteristics of Femoral Fractures in Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2016-3745 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 102 (4) ◽

pp. 1333-1339 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ilkka Vuorimies ◽

Mervi K. Mäyränpää ◽

Helena Valta ◽

Heikki Kröger ◽

Sanna Toiviainen-Salo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Osteogenesis Imperfecta ◽

Femoral Fractures ◽

University Hospital ◽

Type I ◽

Fracture Type ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Fracture Characteristics ◽

Fractures In Children ◽

Distal Shaft ◽

Almost All

Abstract Context: The short-term benefits of bisphosphonates (BPs) are evident in the treatment of children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), but some concerns related to long-term effects remain. Objective: To elucidate the effect of BPs on characteristics of femoral fractures in children with OI. Design and Setting: Retrospective cohort study at a university hospital. Patients and Main Outcome Measure: The study included 93 patients with OI. We recorded fracture histories and analyzed all femoral fractures for location and fracture type using radiographs obtained at fracture diagnosis. Effects of BPs were evaluated by comparing fracture characteristics in three groups: patients (1) naive to BPs, (2) receiving ongoing BP treatment, and (3) whose treatment was discontinued. Results: In total, 127 femoral fractures occurred in 24 patients. Of the fractures, 63 (50%) occurred in patients naive to BPs, 44 (35%) during BP treatment, and 20 (16%) after treatment discontinuation. Mid or distal shaft fractures were most common (41%), followed by subtrochanteric (33%) and distal (20%) fractures. Almost all fractures were transverse (65%) or oblique (28%). The pattern of femoral fractures was similar in all three BP treatment groups (P = 0.78 for location; P = 0.35 for fracture type) and was not related to cumulative BP dose. Instead, OI type correlated with fracture characteristics, and distal location and transverse configuration were more common in the more severe types III and IV compared with type I OI. Conclusion: Characteristics of femoral fractures in children with OI are affected by OI type but not by BP exposure.

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INCIDENCE OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS IN FLOATING KNEE

Acta Ortopédica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1413-785220212901230444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 17-20

Author(s):

JONATAS BRITO DE ALENCAR NETO ◽

RÉJELOS CHARLES AGUIAR LIRA ◽

RAFAEL DA SILVA CAVALCANTE ◽

MARCIO BEZERRA GADELHA LOPES ◽

CLODOALDO JOSÉ DUARTE DE SOUSA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽

Medical Records ◽

Emergency Treatment ◽

Femoral Fractures ◽

Tibial Fractures ◽

Type I ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Compound Fractures ◽

Deep Vein

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in ipsilateral femur and tibial fractures (floating knee). Methods: This is a retrospective, analytical, observational study conducted with the medical records of thirty patients admitted to a trauma hospital between October 2016 and July 2017 with floating knee. Results: Patients aged between 21-30 years were the most affected by the condition (36%). Seventeen patients affected the dominant limb (57%); 19 (63%) patients were classified as Fraser type I, 18 (60%) had open (compound) fractures, 16 (53%) tibial fractures, and 8 (26%) femoral fractures. External fixation of the femur and tibia (25 patients = 83%) was the most common emergency treatment. In total, 17% of patients presented deep venous thrombosis (p = 0.409). Conclusion: Despite antithrombotic prophylaxis, the incidence of DVT in the affected limb of patients with floating knee was high. We found patients with Fraser I fractures, male, and with fractures in the non-dominant limb to present a higher chance of developing DVT. Level of Evidence III, Comparative retrospective study .

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Role of Zip1 in the regulation of NPY expression by MLT to promote fracture healing in rats

European Journal of Histochemistry ◽

10.4081/ejh.2020.3183 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (s2) ◽

Author(s):

Junjun Shang ◽

Bin Ma ◽

Guiling Zhu ◽

Penghong Dong ◽

Chan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fracture Healing ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Femoral Fractures ◽

Nodule Formation ◽

Type I ◽

Y1 Receptor ◽

Related Transcription Factor

Our previous study documented that melatonin (MLT) induced the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and promoted the healing of femoral fractures in rats via the neuropeptide Y (NPY)/neuropeptide Y1 receptor (NPY1R) signaling pathway. MLT treatment upregulated the expression of the zinc uptake transporter zinc transporter 1 (Zip1) in nerve cells. Prior research demonstrated that oral zinc upregulated NPY expression. MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and identified using flow cytometry in our study. The results showed that MLT treatment upregulated NPY and NPY1R levels in MSCs with osteogenic differentiation, which was accompanied by upregulated Zip1 expression. However, the MLT-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was reversed after interference of Zip1 expression. It was confirmed by the decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level; downregulated activities of type I collagen α1 chain (COL1A1), osteocalcin (OCN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and ALP; and reduced mineralized nodule formation. MLT promoted fracture healing in rats with femoral fracture, which was accompanied by increased expression of NPY and NPY1R and significantly increased expression of Zip1. In contrast, the silencing of Zip1 expression reversed MLT-mediated fracture healing. In summary, Zip1 participated in the regulation of the NPY/NPY1R signaling pathway via MLT to promote the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and fracture healing.

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Treatment of Complex Femoral Fractures with the Long Intramedullary Gamma Nail

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research ◽

10.2478/sjecr-2018-0038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 337-341

Author(s):

Aleksandar Juskovic ◽

Goran Pesic ◽

Miroslav Kezunovic ◽

Jovana Jeremic ◽

Nikola Bulatovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Outcomes ◽

Distal Femur ◽

Operative Procedure ◽

Femoral Fractures ◽

Gamma Nail ◽

High Rate ◽

Harris Hip Score ◽

Type I ◽

Segmental Fractures ◽

Clinical And Radiological Results

Abstract The purpose of the current study was to present the authors’ experiences with the long intramedullary Gamma nail in the treatment of patients with complex femoral fractures. Th is retrospective study included 48 patients with complex femoral fractures. All patients had received fracture fixation treatments with long intramedullary Gamma nails from January 2007 to December 2015. The complex fractures of all patients were classified into 3 types, according to the anatomical locations of the fractures. Type I included combined fractures of the shaft and the proximal femur. Type II included segmental fractures. Type III included combined fractures of the shaft and distal femur. According to the Harris Hip Score, 85.4% of our patients had excellent and very good functional outcomes of the operative procedure. Complications occurred in 7 (14.58%) patients. The most common complications occurred in patients with combined fractures of the shaft and distal femur (50%). Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that the clinical and radiological results after the treatment of complex femoral fractures with the long intramedullary Gamma nail show good outcomes, with a high rate of bone union and minimal soft tissue damage. Experience with this procedure is important to prevent and minimise technical complications.

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Type I Fiber Atrophy in the Vastus Lateralis Muscle in Dogs with Femoral Fractures Treated by Hyperextension

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098588001700205 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 164-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. G. Braund ◽

P. K. Shires ◽

R. L. Mikeal

Keyword(s):

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Femoral Fractures ◽

Limited Range ◽

Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽

Type I ◽

Time Period ◽

Traumatic Origin ◽

Size Variability ◽

Fiber Atrophy ◽

Muscle Biopsies

A syndrome characterized by limb hyperextension, generalized muscle atrophy, abducted gait, and a limited range of joint motion is reported in five dogs, four of which were immature. Distal femoral fractures, of traumatic origin, were found in all dogs; four dogs were subjected to limb immobilization in extension for three to seven weeks. Lesions in muscle biopsies included fiber size variability, increased prominence of subsarcolemmal nuclei, increased perimysial fibrosis and focal necrosis. Histochemical and morphometric studies demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05), Type I fiber atrophy in the vastus lateralis muscles in the limbs with femoral fractures treated by hyperextension. The shortest time period between onset of fracture and the presence of type I fiber atrophy was seven weeks.

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Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067522 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 106-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ronald S. Weinstein ◽

N. Scott McNutt

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

General Hospital ◽

Massachusetts General Hospital ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Collaborative Effort ◽

Temperature And Pressure ◽

The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

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Two Distinct Types of Microfilaments in the Cytoplasm of Human Adenohypophysial Cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100073787 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 668-669

Author(s):

E. Horvath ◽

K. Kovacs ◽

I. E. Stratmann ◽

C. Ezrin

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Tumors ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Anterior Lobe ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Type I ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Human Pituitary ◽

Severe Diabetes ◽

Pituitary Glands ◽

Membrane Bound

Surgically removed human pituitary glands as well as pituitary tumors fixed in glutaraldehyde, postfixed in osmium tetroxide, embedded in epon resin, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate have been investigated by electron microscopy in order to correlate ultrastructure with functional activity. In the course of this study two distinct types of microfilaments have been identified in the cytoplasm of adenohypophysiocytes.Type I microfilaments (Fig. 1) were found in the cytoplasm of anterior lobe cells of five female subjects with disseminated mammary cancer and two patients with severe diabetes mellitus. The breast cancer patients were treated pre-operatively for various periods of time with different doses of oxysteroids. The microfilaments had an average diameter of JO A, formed parallel bundles, were scattered irregularly in the cytoplasm and were frequently located in the perikaryon. They were not membrane-bound and failed to show any periodicity.

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The diagnosis of metabolic storage disease in skin biopsies (a light-, electronmicroscopic, and analytical study)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100084119 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 648-649

Author(s):

W. Jurecka ◽

W. Gebhart ◽

H. Lassmann

Keyword(s):

Storage Disease ◽

Hunter Syndrome ◽

Histochemical Demonstration ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Type I ◽

Storage Material ◽

Scheie Syndrome ◽

Storage Products ◽

Skin Biopsies ◽

Type V

Diagnosis of metabolic storage disease can be established by the determination of enzymes or storage material in blood, urine, or several tissues or by clinical parameters. Identification of the accumulated storage products is possible by biochemical analysis of isolated material, by histochemical demonstration in sections, or by ultrastructural demonstration of typical inclusion bodies. In order to determine the significance of such inclusions in human skin biopsies several types of metabolic storage disease were investigated. The following results were obtained.In MPS type I (Pfaundler-Hurler-Syndrome), type II (Hunter-Syndrome), and type V (Ullrich-Scheie-Syndrome) mainly “empty” vacuoles were found in skin fibroblasts, in Schwann cells, keratinocytes and macrophages (Dorfmann and Matalon 1972). In addition, prominent vacuolisation was found in eccrine sweat glands. The storage material could be preserved in part by fixation with cetylpyridiniumchloride and was also present within fibroblasts grown in tissue culture.

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