scholarly journals Investigation of Auxiliary Power Potentials of Solar Photovoltaic Applications of Dry Bulk Carrier Ships

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wandifa Saidyleigh ◽  
A. I. Olcer ◽  
R Baumler
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
International Shipping ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Photovoltaic Technology

The increase in world seaborne trade over the past decade due to global economic and population expansion has resulted in a corresponding increase of world shipping fleet with even greater size and power requirements. The bulk of these ships use cheap and widely available fossil fuels, mainly oil for operation but which has deleterious effects on the environment. In order to address environmental concerns in the shipping sector, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), responding to the global call to reduce greenhouse gases emissions from international shipping adopted technical and operational measures. These are to ensure efficient energy management on ships and have led to the application of many innovative technologies including the use of renewable energies and alternative fuels on ships to minimize fossil fuel consumption and reduce emissions. However, in order to achieve a substantial emissions reduction in international shipping, the potential applicability of a technology which utilizes a universal renewable energy resource on the largest ship type in international shipping fleet should be investigated. This research focuses on investigating the potential of Solar Photovoltaic technology on dry bulk carriers using a developed methodology and Levelised cost of energy concept as the basis for comparison. The results of this research can be used to guide decision makers about the potentials of Solar Photovoltaic technology on dry bulk carriers in general whilst its developed methodology may be useful in the specific context for determining which ships and under what circumstances solar PV is an option.

A comprehensive review on the impact of nanofluid in solar photovoltaic/thermal system

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110556
Author(s):  
E Manikandan ◽  
K Mayandi ◽  
M Sivasubramanian ◽  
N Rajini ◽  
S Rajesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thermo Physical Properties ◽  
T System

Solar energy is a major renewable energy resource used in power production, heating processes, and other applications such as domestic and industrial utilization. It is an abundant form of green energy. Different techniques have been made for energy conversion and one among them is solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system. Unfortunately, the greatest cause of concern is the rise in temperature of solar PV cells, which will have a negative effect on electrical performance. Thereby, eliminating excess heat on PV cells with heat transfer fluids to lower the temperature of the cells can improve electrical efficiency. A nanofluid is a promising heat transfer fluid to effectively enhance the system efficacy compared with conventional fluids. As the nanoparticle size is very small, the surface area of the nanoparticle is large so it enhances the heat transfer rate. Thereby, recently it has taken on a new dimension for research studies to enhance its thermal behavior for engineering application. This review paper discusses about the importance of nanofluid in solar PV/T system and advantages of employing nanofluid in PV/T system which has high thermo-physical properties. Nanoparticle and nanofluid preparation methods were presented. The thermo-physical properties like thermal conductivity, viscosity, density, and specific heat capacity were also discussed.

scholarly journals Modeling Urban Solar Energy with High Spatiotemporal Resolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Chow
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
High Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Case Study Area

Alternative sources of energy are being sought after in the world today, as the availability of fossil fuels and other non-renewable resources are declining. Solar energy offers a promising solution to this search as it is a less polluting renewable energy resource and can be easily converted into electricity through the usage of photovoltaic systems. This thesis focuses on the modeling of urban solar energy with high spatiotemporal resolution. A methodology was developed to estimate hourly solar PV electricity generation potential on rooftops in an urban environment using a 3-D model. A case study area of Ryerson University, Toronto was chosen and the incident solar radiation upon each building rooftop was calculated using a software tool called Ecotect Analysis 2011. Secondly, orthophotos of the case study area were digitized using Geographic Information Systems in order to eliminate undesirable rooftop objects within the model. Lastly, a software tool called HOMER was used to generate hourly solar PV electricity estimates using the values generated by the other two software tools as input parameters. It was found that hourly solar PV output followed the pattern of a binomial curve and that peak solar generation times coincided with summer peak electricity consumption hours in Ontario.

scholarly journals Modeling Urban Solar Energy with High Spatiotemporal Resolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Chow
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
High Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Case Study Area

Alternative sources of energy are being sought after in the world today, as the availability of fossil fuels and other non-renewable resources are declining. Solar energy offers a promising solution to this search as it is a less polluting renewable energy resource and can be easily converted into electricity through the usage of photovoltaic systems. This thesis focuses on the modeling of urban solar energy with high spatiotemporal resolution. A methodology was developed to estimate hourly solar PV electricity generation potential on rooftops in an urban environment using a 3-D model. A case study area of Ryerson University, Toronto was chosen and the incident solar radiation upon each building rooftop was calculated using a software tool called Ecotect Analysis 2011. Secondly, orthophotos of the case study area were digitized using Geographic Information Systems in order to eliminate undesirable rooftop objects within the model. Lastly, a software tool called HOMER was used to generate hourly solar PV electricity estimates using the values generated by the other two software tools as input parameters. It was found that hourly solar PV output followed the pattern of a binomial curve and that peak solar generation times coincided with summer peak electricity consumption hours in Ontario.

Assessment of the Availability and Penetration of Solar PV, Wind and Biogas in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amevi Acakpovi ◽  
Joana Mendy Okechukwu ◽  
Patrick Adjei ◽  
Eric Asamoah
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost

Access to energy is pivotal to the socio-economic growth of many developing countries, including Ghana. Energy generation from fossil fuels is not sustainable and leads to global warming, which is detrimental to the environment. This study seeks to establish how renewable energies are embedded and utilised in the Ghanaian energy system and the factors that can expedite the speedy penetration of renewable technologies into the country, particularly solar PV, wind, and biogas. The study adopted a mixed research approach which includes quantitative and qualitative studies. The findings revealed that solar energy is the most available resource in the country compared to other renewables. It was also indicative that integrating solar PV, wind and biogas in the national electricity grid will improve the percentage of energy generation mix, which will help sustain constant power supply, reduce the cost of energy charges, and consequently improve the country’s economy. The results also showed the possible factors that affect future penetration of these technologies, including unavailability of consumer financing opportunities, inadequate training facilities, lack of adequate regulations/policies, lack of information on the cost and benefits of renewable energies. The six findings of the paper established the availability of renewables in Ghana and the prospect of their related technology. While solar PV is on the ascendency, biogas is progressing gradually and wind is moving at a snail’s pace. This study significantly established the benefits of incorporating solar PV, wind and biogas in the Ghanaian energy mix to improve the electricity supply and further outlined the impeding factors that need to be improved upon through policy.

scholarly journals Public acceptance of residential solar photovoltaic technology in Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Ahmad ◽  
Razman bin Mat Tahar ◽  
Jack Kie Cheng ◽  
Liu Yao
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acceptance Model ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Gaining independence from fossil fuels and combating climate change are the main factors to increase the generation of electricity from renewable fuels. Amongst the renewable technologies, solar photovoltaic (PV) is believed to have the largest potential. However, the number of people adopting solar PV technologies is still relatively low. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the household consumers’ acceptance of solar PV technology being installed on their premises. Design/methodology/approach To examine the solar PV technology acceptance, this study uses technology acceptance model (TAM) as a reference framework. A survey was conducted to gather data and to validate the research model. Out of 780 questionnaires distributed across Malaysia, 663 were returned and validated. Findings The analysis revealed that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and attitude to use significantly influenced behavioural intention to use solar PV technology. Research limitations/implications This study contributes by extending the understanding of public inclination towards the adoption of solar PV technology. Also, this study contributes in identifying the areas which need to be examined further. However, collecting data from urban peninsular Malaysian respondents only limits the generalization of the results. Practical implications On the policy front, this study reveals that governmental support is needed to trigger PV acceptance. Originality/value This paper uses TAM to analyse the uptake of solar PV technology in Malaysian context.

scholarly journals Decarbonizing Energy in Bali With Solar Photovoltaic: GIS-Based Evaluation on Grid-Connected System

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Ami Syanalia ◽  
Fikriyah Winata
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
A Site

In the past century, fossil fuels have dominated energy supply in Indonesia. However, concerns over emissions are likely to change the future energy supply. As people become more conscious of environmental issues, alternatives for energy are sought to reduce the environmental impacts. These include renewable energy (RE) sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, most RE sources like solar PV are not available continuously since they depend on weather conditions, in addition to geographical location. Bali has a stable and long sunny day with 12 hours of daylight throughout the year and an average insolation of 5.3 kWh/m2 per day. This study looks at the potential for on-grid solar PV to decarbonize energy in Bali. A site selection methodology using GIS is applied to measure solar PV potential. Firstly, the study investigates the boundaries related to environmental acceptability and economic objectives for land use in Bali. Secondly, the potential of solar energy is estimated by defining the suitable areas, given the technical assumptions of solar PV. Finally, the study extends the analysis to calculate the reduction in emissions when the calculated potential is installed. Some technical factors, such as tilting solar, and intermittency throughout the day, are outside the scope of this study. Based on this model, Bali has an annual electricity potential for 32-53 TWh from solar PV using amorphous thin-film silicon as the cheapest option. This potential amount to three times the electricity supply for the island in 2024 which is estimated at 10 TWh. Bali has an excessive potential to support its own electricity demand with renewables, however, some limitations exist with some trade-offs to realize the idea. These results aim to build a developmental vision of solar PV systems in Bali based on available land and the region’s irradiation. Keywords: Energy modelling, solar PV, energy policy

scholarly journals Comprehensive Review on Solar, Wind and Hybrid Wind-PV Water Pumping Systems-An Electrical Engineering Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Sachin Angadi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Electronics ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Ac Motor

In India, the demand for water is continuously increasing due to the growing population. Approximately 16.5% of all country’s electricity used to pump this water is from fossil fuels leading to increased pump Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. With the recent advancement in power electronics and drives, renewables like solar photovoltaic and wind energy are becoming readily available for water pumping applications resulting in the reduction of GHG emissions. Recently, research towards AC motor based Water Pumping Systems (WPS) has received a great emphasis owing to its numerous merits. Further, considering the tremendous acceptance of renewable sources, especially solar and wind, this paper provides a detailed review of single-stage and multi-stage WPS consisting of renewable source powered AC motors. The critical review is performed based on the following figure of merits, including the type of motor, power electronics interface and associated control strategies. Also, to add to the reliability of solar PV WPS, hybrid Wind-PV WPS will be discussed in detail. Readers will be presented with the state-of-the-art technology and research directions in Renewable Energy-based WPS (REWPS) to improve the overall system efficiency and hence reduce the payback period.

scholarly journals Trends in Scientific Literature on Energy Return Ratio of Renewable Energy Sources for Supporting Policymakers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Leonardo Rana ◽  
Mariarosaria Lombardi ◽  
Pasquale Giungato ◽  
Caterina Tricase
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Academic Literature

The scarcity of fossil fuels and their environmental impact as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, have prompted governments around the world to both develop research and foster the use of renewable energy sources (RES), such as biomass, wind, and solar. Therefore, although these efforts represent potential solutions for fossil fuel shortages and GHG emission reduction, some doubts have emerged recently regarding their energy efficiency. Indeed, it is very useful to assess their energy gain, which means quantifying and comparing the amount of energy consumed to produce alternative fuels. In this context, the aim of this paper is to analyze the trend of the academic literature of studies concerning the indices of the energy return ratio (ERR), such as energy return on energy invested (EROEI), considering biomass, wind and solar energy. This could be useful for institutions and to public organizations in order to redefine their political vision for realizing sustainable socio-economic systems in line with the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies. Results showed that biomass seems to be more expensive and less efficient than the equivalent fossil-based energy, whereas solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy have reached mature and advanced levels of technology.

Optimal Site Selection for Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant in North Eastern State of India using Hybrid MCDM Tools

2021 ◽  
pp. 965-989
Author(s):  
Nitish Deogam ◽  
Shabbiruddin
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Eastern State ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Selection Of

As society develops, the demand for energy also increases. Most of world's energy requirements are fulfilled using fossil fuels or other types of non-renewable resources, which are polluting the environment, but also depleting. For this reason, the Government of India and the Government of Sikkim (North Eastern State of India) are working on policies to promote investment in solar photovoltaic (PV) plants and has plans to use it to meet the growing energy demand without causing damage to the environment. To make the best use of solar PV cells on commercial scale, it is necessary to know how to optimize the output of the PV power plant, and the most important factor is the selection of the land or the area on which the PV power plant is to be set up. There are multiple factors one must take into consideration for better output. In this study, focus has been put on geographical and meteorological factors that affect the output of the PV cells. Multi criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques have been used for selection of best site for PV power plant.

Integrated Energy Resource Plan for Alaska’s Northwest Arctic Borough

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian B. Yanity ◽  
Jay S. Hermanson
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Solar Pv

Straddling the Arctic Circle on the Chukchi Sea, the Northwest Alaska Native Association (NANA) region constitutes the boundaries of the Northwest Arctic Borough (NWAB), and has a population of about 7,600 people. The high cost of energy in the NANA region is one of the leading threats to the long term sustainability and well-being of the region. As a result of complex and lengthy logistics, the region has some of the highest energy prices in the nation. In addition to the cost of fossil fuels, NANA region residents are increasingly aware of the effects of greenhouse gases on climate change and the resulting coastal erosion along the Chukchi Sea. NANA Regional Corporation, along with other regional stakeholders, has developed a regional integrated energy plan. This approach includes community specific energy options analyses, benefit-cost analyses of competing alternatives, analysis of available literature and past experiences, surveying of professional opinion, and a regional energy summit that involved multiple stakeholders. Since the mid-1990s, the NANA region has been an Alaska leader in promoting and developing renewable energy resources with wind turbine installations in Kotzebue and Selawik. Promising wind energy potential is under investigation in several more communities, and other known energy resources being studied include geothermal, small-scale hydropower, and a substantial biomass potential in the upper Kobuk River area. Also under investigation are stranded natural gas sources and even solar PV installations for some communities. Energy security in the region will be achieved by a combination of infrastructure improvement and development of appropriate energy technologies, both traditional and renewable. It is the vision of NANA region stakeholders to be 75% reliant on regionally available energy resources for heating and electric generation purposes by the year 2030, and to decrease the need for transportation fuel imported into the region by 50% by the year 2030. As part of this vision, imported fossil fuels would remain as emergency/back-up fuel only. With proper planning, a synergy can be developed between different energy sources and uses, with the composition of the optimal ‘energy-mix’ custom-tailored for each community in the NANA region. The energy planning process will be conducted with the understanding that the optimum mix may change over time.

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