Higher compared with lower dietary protein during an energy deficit combined with intense exercise promotes greater lean mass gain and fat mass loss: a randomized trial

ObjectivesTo examine the patterns of fat mass gain in pregnancy and fat loss in the early postpartum period relative to women’s pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and by adherence to Institute of Medicine’s gestational weight gain (GWG) recommendations.DesignProspective cohort study with three to four study visits.SettingThis study is a part of the prospective longitudinal birth cohort, ‘The Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition Study’ (APrON) that recruited pregnant women from the cities of Edmonton and Calgary in Alberta.Participants1820 pregnant women were recruited and followed through their pregnancy and at 3 months postpartum.Outcome measuresBody weight and skinfold thicknesses were measured during pregnancy and early postpartum in women. Body density was calculated from sum of skinfold thickness (biceps, triceps, subscapula and suprailiac), and total fat mass accretion during pregnancy was calculated using Van Raaij’s equations and at postpartum using Siri’s equation. Differences in total fat mass gain, fat mass loss and fat retention according to pre-pregnancy BMI categories and GWG categories were tested using two-way analysis of variance and post hoc comparisons.ResultsMost women (64%) had a normal pre-pregnancy BMI, and overall 49% women exceeded the GWG recommendations. Obese women gained significantly less total fat mass, had lower fat mass loss and had lower postpartum fat retention than normal-weight women (p<0.05). Women with excessive GWG gained higher total fat mass and had higher postpartum fat mass retention (p<0.03) than women who met the GWG recommendations. Total GWG was positively correlated with total fat gain (r=0.61, p<0.01) and total fat retention (r=0.31, p<0.05).ConclusionExcessive GWG is the significant risk factor for higher fat mass accretion during pregnancy and higher postpartum fat retention, irrespective of pre-pregnancy BMI.

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Compound D159687, a phosphodiesterase 4D inhibitor, induces weight and fat mass loss in aged mice without changing lean mass, physical and cognitive function

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.180 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 506 (4) ◽

pp. 1059-1064

Author(s):

Ijeoma M. Muo ◽

Sung-Jun Park ◽

Antoine Smith ◽

Danielle A. Springer ◽

Michele D. Allen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Mass Loss ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Aged Mice ◽

Phosphodiesterase 4D ◽

Fat Mass Loss

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Association Between Insulin Resistance and Lean Mass Loss and Fat Mass Gain in Older Men without Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ◽

10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03472.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (7) ◽

pp. 1217-1224 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Christine G. Lee ◽

Edward J. Boyko ◽

Elsa S. Strotmeyer ◽

Cora E. Lewis ◽

Peggy Mannen Cawthon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Mass Loss ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Mass Gain ◽

Older Men

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PP243-SUN: Outstanding abstract: Higher than 1.2 G/KG/D Protein Intake is Associated with Increased Fat Mass Loss During Weight Loss in Obese Older Adults

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/s0261-5614(14)50284-1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. S110

Author(s):

R. Memelink ◽

A. Verreijen ◽

M. Engberink ◽

P. Weijs

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Mass Loss ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Fat Mass Loss

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Intermittent Fasting and Fat Mass: What Is the Clinical Magnitude?

Obesities ◽

10.3390/obesities2010001 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Heitor O. Santos

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Energy Restriction ◽

Intermittent Fasting ◽

Reasonable Approach ◽

Treatment Of Obesity ◽

One Year ◽

Fat Mass Loss

Clinical studies addressing the benefits of intermittent fasting (IF) diets have evoked interest in the treatment of obesity. Herein, the overall effects of IF regimens on fat-mass loss are explained in a brief review through a recent literature update. To date, human studies show a reduction in fat mass from 0.7 to 11.3 kg after IF regimens, in which the duration of interventions ranges from two weeks to one year. In light of this, IF regimens can be considered a reasonable approach to weight (fat mass) loss. However, the benefits of IF regimens occur thanks to energy restriction and cannot hence be considered the best dietary protocol compared to conventional diets.

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Abstract 17361: How Leptin Harms the Heart in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.17361 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Pini

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Mass Loss ◽

Fat Mass ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽

High Fat ◽

Wide Range ◽

Plasma Leptin ◽

Fat Mass Loss

Introduction: Sedentary lifestyle and excessive calorie intake are risk factors for CVD. We have demonstrated the cardioprotective effect of exercise in aged mice and the critical role of visceral adiposity and its profibrotic secretome in increasing cardiovascular risks in obesity and aging. The association between exercise, lowered plasma leptin and reduced inflammatory leukocytes has been recently shown in patients with atherosclerosis. It remains unclear whether elevated plasma leptin can preserve or alter cardiovascular function in obesity. Methods: We analyzed the effect of high fat diet (HFD) in C57BL/6J male mice on the heart in terms of function, structure, histology and key molecular markers. Two interventions were used: 1) active fat mass loss via exercise (daily swimming) during HFD; 2) passive fat mass loss via surgical removal of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT lipectomy) followed by HFD. Results: HFD increased body weight and adiposity, leading to higher plasma leptin, glucose and insulin levels, compared to control diet (CD) mice. HFD impaired left ventricle (LV) structure (hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis) and cardiac function (echocardiography, in vivo hemodynamics). Atria of HFD mice had enhanced pro-inflammatory protein production. Exercise reduced circulating leptin levels in HFD mice by 50%, in line with fat mass loss. In contrast, lipectomy reduced visceral fat mass, but body weight, adiposity and plasma leptin did not change. Both exercise and VAT lipectomy improved cardiac contractility, reversed collagen deposition and oxidative stress in HFD mice. Both interventions downregulated LV pro-inflammatory markers. We proved the role of leptin in cardiac remodeling in vitro by incubating primary cardiac fibroblasts with hyperleptinemic plasma from HFD mice. Remarkably, plasma from HFD-EX (exercise) suppressed the fibro-proliferative and pro-inflammatory responses of cardiac fibroblasts. Conclusions: Leptin directly contribute to cardiac fibrosis in obesity via activation and proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. Understanding how leptin signals to the heart might have implications in a wide range of CVD, potentially helping early stratification and personalized care.

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