scholarly journals Association of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain with fat mass distribution and accretion during pregnancy and early postpartum: a prospective study of Albertan women

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e026908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatheema B Subhan ◽  
Lisa Shulman ◽  
Yan Yuan ◽  
Linda J McCargar ◽  
Linglong Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fat Mass Loss

ObjectivesTo examine the patterns of fat mass gain in pregnancy and fat loss in the early postpartum period relative to women’s pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and by adherence to Institute of Medicine’s gestational weight gain (GWG) recommendations.DesignProspective cohort study with three to four study visits.SettingThis study is a part of the prospective longitudinal birth cohort, ‘The Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition Study’ (APrON) that recruited pregnant women from the cities of Edmonton and Calgary in Alberta.Participants1820 pregnant women were recruited and followed through their pregnancy and at 3 months postpartum.Outcome measuresBody weight and skinfold thicknesses were measured during pregnancy and early postpartum in women. Body density was calculated from sum of skinfold thickness (biceps, triceps, subscapula and suprailiac), and total fat mass accretion during pregnancy was calculated using Van Raaij’s equations and at postpartum using Siri’s equation. Differences in total fat mass gain, fat mass loss and fat retention according to pre-pregnancy BMI categories and GWG categories were tested using two-way analysis of variance and post hoc comparisons.ResultsMost women (64%) had a normal pre-pregnancy BMI, and overall 49% women exceeded the GWG recommendations. Obese women gained significantly less total fat mass, had lower fat mass loss and had lower postpartum fat retention than normal-weight women (p<0.05). Women with excessive GWG gained higher total fat mass and had higher postpartum fat mass retention (p<0.03) than women who met the GWG recommendations. Total GWG was positively correlated with total fat gain (r=0.61, p<0.01) and total fat retention (r=0.31, p<0.05).ConclusionExcessive GWG is the significant risk factor for higher fat mass accretion during pregnancy and higher postpartum fat retention, irrespective of pre-pregnancy BMI.

scholarly journals Physical activity during pregnancy and association with changes in fat mass and adipokines in women of normal-weight or with obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Andersson-Hall ◽  
Hanna de Maré ◽  
Freja Askeli ◽  
Mats Börjesson ◽  
Agneta Holmäng
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Gestational Weight

AbstractAdipose tissue and adipokine concentrations change markedly during pregnancy, but the effects of physical activity on these changes are rarely studied. We aimed to assess physical activity levels in pregnant women of normal-weight (NW) or with obesity (OB), and to determine the relation with changes in fat mass and adipokines. In each trimester, pregnant women (136 NW, 51 OB) were interviewed about their physical activity and had their body composition, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) and adiponectin determined. NW reported higher activity and more aerobic exercise than OB during early pregnancy. Both groups maintained training frequency but reduced overall activity as pregnancy progressed. NW women reporting aerobic and/or resistance exercise and OB women reporting aerobic exercise had greater sOB-R increases (independent of BMI or gestational weight gain). In NW, exercise also associated with lower fat mass and leptin increases. Higher activity levels associated with lower gestational weight gain in both groups. The relationship between physical activity and adiponectin differed between NW and OB. Maternal exercise may partly mediate its beneficial effects through regulation of leptin bioavailability, by enhancing pregnancy-induced increases in sOB-R. This could be of particular importance in OB with pre-gestational hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance.

scholarly journals Part of the Fat Component in the Structure of Gestational Weight Gain

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ostafiichuk
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
The Body ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
The Third

Gestational weight gain (GWG), which is more or less of the recommended guidelines, has serious short- and long-term negative consequences for the health of the mother and children. Determining the dynamics of body composition during pregnancy is important for full antenatal care in order to prevent pathological weight gain and prevention of gestational complications.Objective: Our goal was to determine the proportion of fat component in the structure of GWG in women with normal body weight before pregnancy. Design: 153 pregnant women aged 18-43 years with normal pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) were examined. BMI was calculated by using the standard formula of person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of his height in meters (kg/m2). Total weight gain was calculated by subtracting the pre-pregnancy weight from the last measured weight before delivery. The body composition (fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and the percentage of fat mass (%FM)) was calculated on the basis of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using the ‘DIAMANT-AIST’ analyzer (St. Petersburg). Statistical analyses were carried out using Statistical program "Statistica 5.5".Results: It has been established that in women of normal weight before pregnancy, GWG was directly proportional to an increase in the fraction of FM (r=0.87; p<0.001). In pregnant with the recommended GWG, FM increased monotonous in the first and second trimesters and subsequently stabilized. In patients with insufficient GWG, fat component increased similarly (p>0.05), however, it was accompanied by low growth of the FFM, especially in the third trimester (p<0.05). Pregnant women with excessive GWG were more likely to gain weight in the first trimester mainly due to the accumulation of FM (p<0.05), and this tendency remained until delivery r=0.99 (p<0.01).Conclusion: In women with normal GWG there is a monotonous increase in fat component in the first and second trimesters, and subsequently stabilized, which promotes adequate weight reduction after childbirth. In patients with high GWG, the excessive increase in the proportion of FM and, consequently, a rapid increase in weight in the first trimester of pregnancy, initiates further accumulation of adipose tissue and slows down its reduction in the postpartum period. In pregnant women with low weight gain there is adequate increase of FM but an insufficient increase of FFM, especially in the third trimester, which leads to the development of placental hypoplasia and small-for-gestational age.

scholarly journals 231 The effect of antiretroviral therapy regimens on gestational weight gain in pregnant women with HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. S152-S153
Author(s):  
Naima T. Joseph ◽  
Glen Satten ◽  
Rachel Williams ◽  
Martina Badell ◽  
Anandi Sheth
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Women With Hiv

The effects of pre-pregnancy obesity and gestational weight gain on maternal lipid profiles, fatty acids and insulin resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muge Gul Gulecoglu Onem ◽  
Canan Coker ◽  
Kemal Baysal ◽  
Sabahattin Altunyurt ◽  
Pembe Keskinoglu
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Gestational Weight

Abstract Objectives Pregnancy is associated with physiological alterations in insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. This study investigates the associations between pregestational body mass index (pBMI) and the rate of gestational weight gain (rGWG) in the second trimester with the biomarkers of lipid, fatty acids metabolism and insulin resistance. Methods Sixty nine pregnant women followed. The body weights of the pregnant women were measured and blood samples were obtained at 11–14th and 24–28th weeks of pregnancy. Glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, insulin levels and fatty acids were measured. Rate of GWG (kg/week) and The Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. The pregnant women were stratified according to their pBMI and the 2nd trimester rGWG. Results The rate of GWG was significantly higher for the group with pBMI<25, compared to the group with pBMI≥25 (p=0.024). Triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol were significantly increased in the second trimester compared with the first trimester. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, myristic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), total omega-6 (n − 6) and omega-3 (n − 3) fatty acid levels and n − 6/n − 3 ratio were significantly higher in the second trimester. Glucose was significantly decreased and insulin was increased in the second trimester. In the overweight/obese group; HOMA-IR, insulin, AA, palmitoleic acid and stearic acid were found to be high in comparison to the group with low/normal pBMI. No parameters were associated with rGWG. Conclusions The changes in lipid parameters, free fatty acids, insulin and HOMA-IR in the second trimester were compatible with the changes in lipid metabolism and the development of insulin resistance. Pregestational BMI was shown to have a stronger influence on lipid profile, insulin resistance, and fatty acids than rGWG.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Characteristics and Gestational Weight Change among Overweight, African American Pregnant Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly C. Allison ◽  
Brian H. Wrotniak ◽  
Emmanuelle Paré ◽  
David B. Sarwer
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Psychosocial Variable ◽  
Night Eating ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Cognitive Restraint

Objectives. To describe psychosocial factors identified as contributors of weight gain in the general population and to examine the relationship between these factors and gestational weight gain among low socioeconomic status, African American, overweight pregnant women.Methods. African American women (n=120) with a pregravid body mass index≥25 kg/m2completed measures of eating, sleep, and depressed mood between 14 and 24 weeks of gestation. Weight was tracked. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and linear regression modeling were used to characterize the sample and examine predictors of gestational weight gain.Results. Four percent screened positive for night eating syndrome, with 32% consuming at least 25% of their daily caloric intake after dinner (evening hyperphagia). None met criteria for binge eating disorder; 4% reported occasional binge episodes. Cognitive restraint over eating was low. Participants slept 7.1 (SD=1.9) h per night and reported 4.3 (SD=3.6) awakenings per week; 18% reported some level of depressed mood. Night and binge eating were related to each other, sleep quality, and depressed mood. Eating due to cravings was the only psychosocial variable to predict gestational weight gain.Conclusions. Depressed mood, night eating, and nighttime awakenings were common in this cohort, while cognitive restraint over eating was low. Most psychosocial variables were not predictive of excess gestational weight gain.

Development and Evaluation of a Theory-Based App for Managing Gestational Weight Gain for Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women: A Mixed-Method Pilot Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Fang Lee ◽  
Li-Kang Chi ◽  
Yvonne Hsiung ◽  
Jian-Pei Huang ◽  
Chun-Wei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Healthy Behavior ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

BACKGROUND Overweight and obese women’s excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) may be a health risk for both the mother and the fetus; excessive GWG leads to the retention of weight postpartum and thus obesity. Given the overwhelming number of existing pregnancy-related applications (apps), we lack only a few methodological guidelines for integrating theory, evidence and previously validated apps to help overweight and obese women manage their GWG during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE This two-phase study aimed to develop the MyHealthyWeight (MHW) app based on social-cognitive theory (SCT) and evaluate its effectiveness for overweight and obese women in helping prevent excessive GWG by enhancing adherence to optimal GWG goals and healthy behavior during pregnancy. METHODS First, we constructed and developed the MHW app based on SCT theory, and we later employed a mixed-method study to evaluate the effects of the app on overweight and obese pregnant women. RESULTS All participating overweight and obese pregnant women (100%) achieved their optimal GWG through increased self-efficacy and physical activity. Their total and moderate-intensity physical activity expenditures improved, while their sedentary and light-intensity levels of physical activity decreased. CONCLUSIONS This theory-based MHW app for weight management was greatly valued by the pregnant users. Its usefulness for health-care professionals in assisting overweight and obese pregnant women in preventing excessive GWG by promoting healthy behavior, in particular through physical exercise and a healthy diet, during pregnancy was also confirmed. CLINICALTRIAL NCT04553718

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