scholarly journals Role of Diffusion and Shut-Off Time in Well Treatment Technology

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Lakatos ◽  
J. Lakatos-Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Off Time

scholarly journals Keep pushing! Limiting interruptions to CPR; bag-valve mask versus i-gel® airway ventilation

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Craig Vincent-Lambert ◽  
Andrew Makkink ◽  
Fredrick Kloppers
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Airway Device ◽  
Supraglottic Airway ◽  
Supraglottic Airway Device ◽  
Chest Compressions ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Advanced Airway ◽  
Off Time

Background: Recent recommendations made by ILCOR have de-emphasised the role of advanced airway management such as “endotracheal intubation” (ETI) during cardiac arrest in favour of maximising the number of chest compressions performed by rescuers. Maximising time available for compressions is achieved by minimising hands-off time (HOT). This has led to first responders and paramedics performing single rescuer CPR using a bag-valve-mask (BVM) device as opposed to the historical practice of intubating and ventilating via an endotracheal tube. Bag-valve-mask ventilations, especially during single rescuer CPR, are however associated with complications potentially resulting in increased ventilation times. More time spent on ventilations in the single rescuer scenario naturally leads to an increase in HOT and less time being available for compressions. It is postulated that the use of an appropriate supraglottic airway device (SAD) may decrease the time spent on the ventilation component of CPR and result in a decrease in HOT.Objectives: This pilot study evaluated how interruptions to chest compressions or hands-off time (HOT) are affected by the placement of an i-gel® airway vs. simple BVM ventilation during single rescuer CPR.Method: 16 participants performed two, ten-minute single rescuer CPR simulations, firstly using the BVM and later the i-gel® airway for ventilation. Data pertaining to ventilations and HOT in each scenario was statistically analysed and compared.Results: The i-gel® airway demonstrated a superior ease of ventilation compared to BVM alone and resulted in a reduction of time spent on ventilations overall. The i-gel® however took a mean of 29 s, ± 10 s, to secure which contributes considerably to HOT.Conclusion: The use of the i-gel® airway resulted in a considerable decrease in the amount of time spent on ventilations and in more compressions being performed. The overall reduction in HOT was, however, offset by the time it took to secure the device. Further investigation into the use and securing of the i-gel® airway in single rescuer CPR is recommended.

scholarly journals The Recent Progress in Modification of Polymeric Membranes Using Organic Macromolecules for Water Treatment

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswathi Nagandran ◽  
Pei Sean Goh ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail ◽  
Tuck-Whye Wong ◽  
Wan Rosmiza Zana Binti Wan Dagang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Membrane Selectivity ◽  
Membrane Morphology ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Membrane Science

For decades, the water deficit has been a severe global issue. A reliable supply of water is needed to ensure sustainable economic development in population growth, industrialization and urbanization. To solve this major challenge, membrane-based water treatment technology has attracted a great deal of attention to produce clean drinking water from groundwater, seawater and brackish water. The emergence of nanotechnology in membrane science has opened new frontiers in the development of advanced polymeric membranes to enhance filtration performance. Nevertheless, some obstacles such as fouling and trade-off of membrane selectivity and permeability of water have hindered the development of traditional polymeric membranes for real applications. To overcome these issues, the modification of membranes has been pursued. The use of macromolecules for membrane modification has attracted wide interests in recent years owing to their interesting chemical and structural properties. Membranes modified with macromolecules have exhibited improved anti-fouling properties due to the alteration of their physiochemical properties in terms of the membrane morphology, porosity, surface charge, wettability, and durability. This review provides a comprehensive review of the progress made in the development of macromolecule modified polymeric membranes. The role of macromolecules in polymeric membranes and the advancement of these membrane materials for water solution are presented. The challenges and future directions for this subject are highlighted.

scholarly journals Review of biological processes in oil sands: a feasible solution for tailings water treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipta Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Feasible Solution ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Water Treatment Technology ◽  
Tailings Ponds

The bitumen extraction process from Athabasca oil sands ore produces large quantities of toxic processed water as tailings. The oil industry has reduced the demand for fresh water in the extraction process by recycling this tailings water. Continual recycling increases the toxicity of tailings water many times over, and poses a serious threat to surface and groundwater quality. For a sustainable expansion of Canada’s oil sands industry, it is essential to develop a technically practicable and economically feasible tailings water treatment technology. A review was carried out to describe the integral role of biological processes in oil sands history for identifying a successor tailings water treatment technology. This study proposes the application of an entrapped cells system as a feasible solution for tailings water treatment. Bio-augmentation followed by entrapment of the microbial community indigenous to tailings ponds can be a promising tailings water treatment technology.

Who is chasing whom? A call for a more integrated approach to reduce the load of micro-pollutants in the environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Schirmer ◽  
M. Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Biological Organisation ◽  
Micro Pollutants

One of the key questions arising from the presence of micro-pollutants in surface-, ground-, and drinking water is whether they pose a risk to human and ecosystem health. In our laboratories we have identified a number of biological effects by several pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) on human, animal and/or plant cells at different levels of biological organisation. In part, these effects occur at concentrations even below those reported in drinking water. Even though it is often still difficult to fully deduce the role of some of these effects on the whole organism or population level as well as after chronic exposure, the effects observed illustrate that the input of micro-pollutants into the environment must be avoided or as far as possible reduced. Much effort has already been devoted to improved treatment of sewage and raw drinking water. A comprehensive protection from aquatic micro-pollutants, however, cannot reside in water treatment technology alone. Instead, all components of the life cycle of these chemicals must be put to the table to turn around the current trend of increasing environmental loads. The goal of this report is to illustrate why a more comprehensive way of risk assessment is needed and what this should include.

Application of Constructed Wetland to Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1011-1014
Author(s):  
Fang Chen ◽  
Qiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The One ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Constructed wetland is a new wastewater treatment technology. It not only is more effective in wastewater treatment, but also has good eco-landscapes value. According to the characteristics of domestic wastewater discharge in rural, constructed wetlands is a key technology to solving this problem in China. Application of constructed wetland to Chinese rural domestic wastewater treatment was reviewed in this paper. On this basis, the issues in the application of constructed wetland encountered, and future trends are discussed. On the one hand, constructed wetlands were prone to clogging and low nitrogen removal efficiency. On the other hand, some existing constructed wetlands were abandoned due to poor maintenance and management. Therefore, in order to play better the role of wastewater treatment, anti-blocking ability and denitrification efficiency of constructed wetlands should be improved. Meanwhile, the maintenance and management of constructed wetlands should be strengthened. Application of constructed wetlands in the rural area provides a strong guarantee for sustainable development of rural economy.

The role of periphyton in waste treatment technology

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 1929-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Sládečková
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technology

scholarly journals Role of off-time work in the formation of world outlook among primary age pupils

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Vyacheslavovna Galiguzova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Outlook ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Off Time

Technology for sustainability: the role of onsite, small and community scale technology

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Current Technology

An overview of available onsite, small and community scale wastewater treatment technology shows that it is diverse compared to current technology for centralised collection and treatment of wastewater. An analysis of the onsite, small and community scale technology for achieving sustainability shows that it more conducive to achieving sustainability than the centralised technology. It is likely, however, that its application is in remote and rural areas, where the technology should be improved and integrated with other technology sectors (energy, food production) for improved sustainability. Opportunities exist in new urban developments to achieve similar outcomes, but concerted efforts are required to demonstrate or showcase sustainability benefits in real situations. A huge potential also exists for the use of onsite, small and community scale technology in developing countries for achieving the same sustainability outcomes. It is likely to succeed if the technology is modified to be of lower cost but based on the same science, and that research, development and demonstrations in developed countries are shown to be successful.

Understanding the Career Transition of Athletes

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick H.F. Baillie ◽  
Steven J. Danish
Keyword(s):  
Early Identification ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Career Transition ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Professional Athlete ◽  
Off Time

Transition out of a career in sports has been suggested as being a difficult and disruptive process for many athletes. An early and enduring identification, familiarity, and preference for the role of athlete may cause its loss to be a significant stressor for the elite, Olympic, or professional athlete. The purpose of this paper is to describe the various aspects of the career transition process in sports, beginning with early identification with the role of athlete and continuing through retirement from active participation in competitive sports. Athletes are often poorly prepared for the off-time event of leaving sports, and traditional theories of retirement may not be suitable. People associated with athletes (coaches, peers, management, family members, and sport psychologists) and athletes themselves need to be aware of the potential for difficulty during their career transition.

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