Policing of Movie and Music Piracy

2013 ◽  
pp. 1144-1161
Author(s):  
Johnny Nhan ◽  
Alesandra Garbagnati
Keyword(s):  
File Sharing ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Models ◽  
P2p File Sharing ◽  
Long Run ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pirate Bay

Ongoing skirmishes between mainstream Hollywood entertainment conglomerates and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file-sharing networks recently reached a crescendo when a Swedish court convicted members of the world’s largest BitTorrent, The Pirate Bay, and handed out the stiffest sentence to date.1 Four operators of The Pirate Bay received one year imprisonments and fines totaling $30 million, including confiscation of equipment. While this verdict sent shockwaves amongst P2P networks, piracy remains rampant, and this incident further exacerbated relations between file sharers and Hollywood. In retaliation, supporters of P2P file-sharing attacked websites of the law firms representing the Hollywood studios (Johnson, 2009). This victory by Hollywood studios may be a Pyrrhic defeat in the long run if the studios do not soften their antagonistic relations with the public. This chapter explores structural and cultural conflicts amongst security actors that make fighting piracy extremely difficult. In addition, it considers the role of law enforcement, government, industries, and the general public in creating long-term security models.

Policing of Movie and Music Piracy

2011 ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Johnny Nhan ◽  
Alesandra Garbagnati
Keyword(s):  
File Sharing ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Models ◽  
P2p File Sharing ◽  
Long Run ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pirate Bay

Ongoing skirmishes between mainstream Hollywood entertainment conglomerates and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file-sharing networks recently reached a crescendo when a Swedish court convicted members of the world’s largest BitTorrent, The Pirate Bay, and handed out the stiffest sentence to date.1 Four operators of The Pirate Bay received one year imprisonments and fines totaling $30 million, including confiscation of equipment. While this verdict sent shockwaves amongst P2P networks, piracy remains rampant, and this incident further exacerbated relations between file sharers and Hollywood. In retaliation, supporters of P2P file-sharing attacked websites of the law firms representing the Hollywood studios (Johnson, 2009). This victory by Hollywood studios may be a Pyrrhic defeat in the long run if the studios do not soften their antagonistic relations with the public. This chapter explores structural and cultural conflicts amongst security actors that make fighting piracy extremely difficult. In addition, it considers the role of law enforcement, government, industries, and the general public in creating long-term security models.

scholarly journals Behavioral and electrophysiological auditory processing measures in traumatic brain injury after acoustically controlled auditory training: a long-term study

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Calsolari Figueiredo ◽  
Adriana Neves de Andrade ◽  
Andréa Tortosa Marangoni-Castan ◽  
Daniela Gil ◽  
Italo Capraro Suriano
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Long Run ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the long-term efficacy of acoustically controlled auditory training in adults after tarumatic brain injury. Methods A total of six audioogically normal individuals aged between 20 and 37 years were studied. They suffered severe traumatic brain injury with diffuse axional lesion and underwent an acoustically controlled auditory training program approximately one year before. The results obtained in the behavioral and electrophysiological evaluation of auditory processing immediately after acoustically controlled auditory training were compared to reassessment findings, one year later. Results Quantitative analysis of auditory brainsteim response showed increased absolute latency of all waves and interpeak intervals, bilaterraly, when comparing both evaluations. Moreover, increased amplitude of all waves, and the wave V amplitude was statistically significant for the right ear, and wave III for the left ear. As to P3, decreased latency and increased amplitude were found for both ears in reassessment. The previous and current behavioral assessment showed similar results, except for the staggered spondaic words in the left ear and the amount of errors on the dichotic consonant-vowel test. Conclusion The acoustically controlled auditory training was effective in the long run, since better latency and amplitude results were observed in the electrophysiological evaluation, in addition to stability of behavioral measures after one-year training.

scholarly journals Price Appreciation and Roughness Duality in Bitcoin: A Multifractal Analysis

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 2088
Author(s):  
Cristiana Vaz ◽  
Rui Pascoal ◽  
Helder Sebastião
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Informational Efficiency ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Long Range Correlations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Relationship

Since its launch in 2009, bitcoin has thrived, attracting the attention of investors, regulators, academia, and the public in general. Its price dynamics, characterized by extreme volatility, severe jumps, and impressive long-term appreciation, suggest that bitcoin is a new digital asset. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the fractality of bitcoin in a high-frequency framework, namely by applying Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) and a Multifractal Regime Detecting Method (MRDM) to Bitstamp 1 min bitcoin returns from January 2013 to July 2020. The results suggest that bitcoin is multifractal, with smaller and larger fluctuations being persistent and anti-persistent, respectively. Multifractality comes from significant long-range correlations, which cast some doubts on the informational efficiency at this frequency, but mainly comes from fat-tails, which highlights the significant risks undertaken by investors in this market. Our most important result is that the degree and richness of multifractality is time-varying and increased after 2017, when volumes and prices experienced an explosive behaviour. This complexity puts into perspective the duality of bitcoin: while it is characterized by long-run attractiveness and increasing valuation, it also has a high short-run instability. Hence, this study provides some empirical evidence supporting the relationship between these two observable features.

THE ECONOMICS OF MITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE: WHAT CAN WE KNOW?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A.Rosen ◽  
Edeltraud Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation Policy ◽  
The Many

The long-term economics of mitigating climate change over the long run has played a high profile role in the most important analyses of climate change in the last decade, namely the Stern Report and the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment. However, the various kinds of uncertainties that affect these economic results raise serious questions about whether or not the net costs and benefits of mitigating climate change over periods as long as 50 to 100 years can be known to such a level of accuracy that they should be reported to policymakers and the public. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the derivation of these estimates of the long-term economic costs and benefits of mitigation. It particularly focuses on the role of technological change, especially for energy efficiency technologies, in making the net economic results of mitigating climate change unknowable over the long run. Because of these serious technical problems, policymakers should not base climate change mitigation policy on the estimated net economic impacts computed by integrated assessment models. Rather, mitigation policies must be forcefully implemented anyway given the actual physical climate change crisis, in spite of the many uncertainties involved in trying to predict the net economics of doing so.

E. PREVELAKIS AND K. KALLIATAKI MERTICOPOULOU, ED., Epirus, Ali Pasha and the Greek Revolution: Consular Reports of William Meyer from Preveza, 2 vols. Monuments of Greek History No. 12 (Athens: Academy of Athens, 1996). Pp. 636 for vol. 1, 389 for vol. 2.

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Molly Greene
Keyword(s):  
Research Centre ◽  
The Public ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Greek History ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Record ◽  
One Year

This lengthy two-volume work is part of a long-term Greek project to make foreign archives concerning modern Greek history more accessible to researchers in Greece. Professor Eleutherios Prevelakis, who passed away one year before the publication of these volumes, became the director of the Research Centre for the Study of Modern Greek History of the Academy of Athens in 1963. This position allowed him to conceive and carry through his program of collecting in microfilm form British archival material of relevance to modern Greece. The two volumes under review grew out of the work that he and Professor Merticopoulou conducted over many years in the archives of the Foreign Office and the Colonial Office, which are stored in the Public Record Office.

Forecasting Kansas land values using net farm income

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen M. Featherstone ◽  
Mykel R. Taylor ◽  
Heather Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Partial Adjustment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Capitalization Rate ◽  
One Year

Purpose With the decline of US net farm income from $123.8 billion in 2013 to $71.5 billion forecasted for 2016, concern has developed regarding the future path of agricultural land values. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between net farm income, cash rents and land values in the state of Kansas and provides insight regarding future land values. Design/methodology/approach This study estimates partial adjustment models for cash rent and land values and uses those results to infer long-run capitalization rates and earnings multipliers. These models are used to forecast Kansas land values through 2018 and also the long-run price of farmland given 2016 expectations. Findings Land adjusts to changes in Kansas net farm income slowly with a one-year elasticity of 6.7 percent. The long-run elasticity is 96.9 percent which is very close to the 100 percent suggested by the theoretical income capitalization model. The long-run multiplier for income in Kansas is 21.71 which implies a capitalization rate of 4.61 percent. The estimated results suggest that Kansas land values would peak in 2016 and begin to slowly decline. If market conditions were to remain the same, land values would ultimately decrease to $1,171 per acre, a 28 percent decline from current levels. Originality/value Declines of the magnitude in estimated land values could negatively affect the financial condition of the sector. Factors such as a change in the long-run capitalization rate or unexpected supply or demand shocks for agricultural commodities globally could certainly alter the long-term prospects. However, current expectations as of March 2016 suggest that farmers will face difficult conditions over the next few years.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN HEALTH CARE

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Igor Tanturovski
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Health Care Managers ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Know How ◽  
Long Run

The consideration of the financial statements, i.e. their preparation, understanding and application in the public healthcare institutions in Macedonia is of paramount importance. The basic data for the financial statements are drawn from the PHI accounting, whereby financial data are provided on the profit and loss accounts, balance sheets and cash flow statements. The financial manager must know how to interpret and use these reports when allocating the financial resources of the institution in order to ensure the achievement of stability in the long run. Finances link economic theory to accounting figures and all health care managers - whether they are in the "production" of health services, sales, research, marketing, management or long-term strategic planning must know what an estimate of the financial performance of the institution

scholarly journals Application of a dynamic model for the coordination of general and private interests of sustainable development at the regional level

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Olga Ivanovna Gorbaneva ◽  
Anton Dmitrievich Murzin ◽  
Tat'yana Yur'evna Anopchenko
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economy ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Near Term ◽  
One Year ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Term Data

The article presents the results of approbation of the previously presented dynamic socio-ecological-economic model of the synergetic development of individual entities within the South Russian macro-region, which allows to harmonize the general and private interests of each region. The model is investigated on the materials of the Southern Federal District. The identification of the model for the macro-region of the Southern Federal District was carried out on the basis of the data of the website of the State Statistics Committee, which are in the public domain. For identification, the time series of 2005, 2010, 2015-2017 were taken. This choice is explained by both theoretical reasons (a step of five years was chosen for the long-term data and one year for the near-term data), and empirical (the data of the crisis periods of 2008 and 2012, as well as the years nearest to them, were not taken). As a result of the study, several controversial conclusions were drawn regarding the strategies of the subjects' behavior. Calculations show, in particular, that in the current conditions it is not profitable for any of the regions to develop its own production sphere; the optimal strategy for each of them is only to increase consumption in the hope of the production activity of neighboring regions. In view of the choice of this rational strategy by all regions at the same time, a general degradation of the production sphere and stagnation of the regional economy are predicted. At the same time, it was revealed that a further reduction in production becomes unprofitable for almost all lagging regions (the republics of the Southern Federal District), while the leading regions (the regions of the Southern Federal District) remain profitable for production inaction.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Inflation, Problem Finance, And Financing To Deposit Ratio (FDR) On Sharia Banking Deposits

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Nur Syamsiyah ◽  
Misfi Laili Rohmi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Run

Islamic banks collect funds from the public and then send them for financing as an intermediary institution. In practice, the distribution of financing, which is the main characteristic of Islamic banks, is not as easy as the existing theory. This study will discuss the short-term and long-term effects of inflation, financing, and financing problems on deposit ratios in Indonesia's Islamic banking deposits. This study uses an Error Correction Model with monthly time series data starting from 2019-2020. The results show that all variables significantly affect deposits in Islamic banking in Indonesia in the long run. Meanwhile, in the short term, the inflation and financing variables significantly affect Islamic banking deposits in Indonesia, and the Financing to Deposit Ratio has no significant effect.

The Utilization of Medicines beyond Patent Expiration

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C Mansley ◽  
Steven M Teutsch ◽  
Dawn M White ◽  
Jamie D Busza ◽  
Steven S Geisel
Keyword(s):  
Patent Protection ◽  
Generic Competition ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Patent Expiration ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Utilization ◽  
One Year ◽  
Relative Utilization

BACKGROUND: The utilization of a medicine, both before and after patent expiration, is one of the key determinants of its long-run value to society, as consumer and producer surplus accumulate as utilization occurs. However, while utilization during the years of patent protection is followed fairly closely, usage after that is generally not, as multiple manufacturers are usually involved in the production and sale of generic alternatives. Since utilization beyond patent expiration is poorly understood, we selected a random sample of 60 drugs and assessed their long-term, post-patent use during the period of generic competition.METHODS: At five-year intervals beginning with the year generic competition began (YGCB), we estimated the U.S. utilization of each drug (including all generic and branded formulations) based on the number of prescriptions dispensed as projected by the National Prescription Audit™ (1964 to 2006) conducted by IMS™. These estimates were then compared to each medicine's baseline utilization, defined as the drug's usage during the last full year of patent protection – one year prior to the year generic competition began (YGCB-1). The absolute utilization levels were converted into relative utilization levels, whereby a measure of 1.0 indicates that utilization in that year was equal to utilization in the baseline year.RESULTS: Many drugs continued to be prescribed long after patent protection ended. Even after excluding one medicine that had unusually high utilization 15 to 30 years after generic competition began, relative utilization averaged between 0.64 and 0.99 for the 5-year intervals starting with YGCB+5 and ending with YGCB+30. This was true even though several of the medicines were available over-the-counter (OTC) during some of those years and we did not have data reflecting OTC utilization. After excluding those OTC years (to focus on medicines that had more complete data), relative utilization averaged between 0.88 and 1.15.CONCLUSION: Many medicines continue to be used far beyond their period of patent protection, somewhat countering the view that newer drugs quickly replace older ones. This extended, post-patent utilization can yield additional surplus for society that is over and above the surplus generated during the period of patent protection.

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