Sustainable Agriculture

2013 ◽  
pp. 219-235
Author(s):  
Adrian Turek
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Stable Production ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Rotation Crop

Agriculture has the objective of producing food by growing plants and raising animals, but being a productive activity, depending on the technologies used, the level of intensification and specialization may result in natural resources and environmental degradation: soil, water, air. By the early 1990s, Romania practiced an intensive agriculture based on the concentration and specialization of production. Intensive chemical treatments were used to control weeds, pests, and diseases. After reconstitution ownership of agricultural land was practiced an extensive agriculture with minimal inputs. There are used small amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides; monoculture or short rotation is practiced. Both agricultural systems affect the environment and natural resources, endangering their long-term productive potential. In this context, a viable alternative to these agricultural systems is sustainable agriculture that combines harmoniously tillage, crop rotation, crop rotation length, use of agrochemical substances to achieve stable production, while preserving quality of resources.

scholarly journals Ураження рослин пшениці озимої кореневими гнилями залежно від агротехнічних заходів

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
М. В. Тищенко ◽  
В. М. Смірних ◽  
С. В. Філоненко ◽  
В. В. Ляшенко
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Conducting Surface ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Rotation Crop

У результаті польових досліджень було встановлено вплив попередників, системи удобрення і способів основного обробітку ґрунту на ураження рослин пшениці озимої кореневими гнилями в короткоротаційних сівозмінах зони недостатнього зволоження. Найбільше уражених рослин пшениці озимої кореневими гнилями виявилось в зернопросапній сівозміні, де попередником була сама пшениця, а також в зернопаропросапній сівозміні, де попередником був чорний пар. Найменше уражених кореневими гнилями рослин пшениці озимої (15,3–20,0 %) за найнижчої інтенсивності розвитку хвороби (5,8–7,3 %) спостерігали після кукурудзи на силос. Проведення поверхневого обробітку ґрунту на глибину 10–12 см під зернові культури, в тім числі й під пшеницю озиму, на фоні 6,25 т гною + N33,8Р45,0К33,8 + солома + гичка в просапній сівозміні після кукурудзи на силос спричинило найбільше ураження рослин пшениці кореневими гнилями (24,4 %) з підвищенням інтенсивності розвитку хвороби до величини 10,5 %. Проведення оранки під усі культури в просапній сівозміні за внесення за ротацію сівозміни з розрахунку на 1 га ріллі 6,25 т гною + N33,8Р45,0К33,8 + солома + гичка забезпечило найвищу урожайність зерна пшениці озимої – 4,39 т/га. As a result of field studies, the effect of predecessors, fertilizer systems and methods of basic tillage on the damage of winter wheat plants by root rot in short-rotation crop rotations in the zone of inadequate moisture was established. The most affected wheat plants of winter rot was found in grain sown crop rotation, where the forerunner was the wheat itself, as well as in the grain-para-breeding crop rotation, where the black pairs were the precursor. The least affected by root rot of winter wheat plants (15.3–20.0 %) at the lowest intensity of disease (5.8–7.3 %) was observed after corn silage. Conducting surface cultivation of soil at a depth of 10–12 cm under grain crops, including under winter wheat, against the background of 6.25 t of manure + N33.8R45.0K33.8 + straw + gill in the crop rotation after corn on silage caused most defeat of wheat plants by root rot (24.4 %) with an increase in the intensity of the disease to a value of 10.5 %. Providing plowing for all crops in the fertile crop rotation for rotation of crop rotation per hectare of arable land of 6.25 tons of manure + N33.8R45.0K33.8 + straw + lace ensured the highest yield of wheat of winter wheat – 4.39 tons/ha.

scholarly journals KAJIAN UPAYA PENGENDALIAN PENGGUNAAN TANAH DI KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Slamet Muryono
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Discrepancy Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
Spatial Plan

Abstract: Limitations of natural resources, especially land, is increasingly perceived both by the government as the land managerand the community as the users. Not only due to the increasing number of residents, but the speed of the development require landand make competition between land users are increasing. This research was done in Temanggung District, Central Java. The objectof this research is land use in the study area. Instruments used in controlling land use are Land Use Map (PT), Spatial Plan Map(RTRW), and Sustainable Agricultural Map (LP2B). Then, PT map was being correlated with RTRW map and LP2B map. The resultsshow that the conformity rate between PT and RTRW is 78.13%, and the discrepancy rate is 21.87%. The conformity rate betweenLP2B and PT is 77.55%, with the discrepancy rate of 24.45%, while between RTRW and LP2B, the conformity rate is 89.45%, withthe discrepancy rate of 10.55%.Keywords: land use, spatial planning, sustainable agriculture landIntisari: Keterbatasan keberadaan sumberdaya alam khususnya tanah, semakin hari semakin dirasakan baik oleh pemerintahsebagai pengelola tanah maupun masyarakat sebagai pengguna tanah. Hal ini karena luas tanah tetap tetapi yang menggunakantanah, dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat. Masalah yang muncul adalah upaya untuk tetap menjaga keseimbangan lingkungankhususnya dalam kaitan dengan penggunaan tanah agar tetap sesuai dengan arahan dalam RTRW dan LP2B. Penelitian dilakukan diKabupaten Temanggung. Pendekatan spasial dilakukan dengan cara analisis tumpang susun (overlay) peta-peta. Objek penelitiannyaadalah Peta Penggunaan Tanah (PT) di lokasi penelitian. Peta PT ini selanjutnya dikorelasikan dengan Peta Rencana Tata RuangWilayah (RTRW) dan Peta Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (LP2B). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Instrumen yangdigunakan dalam pengendalian penggunaan tanah terdiri dari Peta Penggunaan Tanah (PT), Peta (RTRW), dan (LP2B). Kesesuaianantar instrumen pengendalian penggunaan tanah tersebut dapat dijelaskan bahwa 78,13 % sesuai. antara RTRW dengan PT, dan21,87 % tidak sesuai. Antara LP2B dengan PT 75,55 % sesuai dan 24,45 % tidak sesuai. Antara RTRW dengan LP2B 89,45 %sesuai dan 10,55 % tidak sesuai.Keywords: Land Use, Spatial Planning, Sustainable Agricultural Land

scholarly journals Formation of nutrient regime of soil in short-rotation crop rotation

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
O. Kachmar ◽  
◽  
O. Vavrynovych ◽  
O. Dubytskyу ◽  
A. Dubystkyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nutrient Regime ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Rotation Crop

The efficiency of the crop rotations with short rotation with different levels of their saturation of cereals and crops in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
R. Holod ◽  
О. Bilinska ◽  
H. Shubala
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Green Manure Crops

There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe. The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article. The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products. The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.

The Impact of Biochar on the Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2197-2208
Author(s):  
Carmen Otilia Rusanescu ◽  
Erol Murad ◽  
Cosmin Jinescu ◽  
Marin Rusanescu
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Co2 Balance ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Organic Resources

In the present paper are presented the experimental results of biomass gasification, the biochair was produced from vineyards by controlled pyrolysis at 750 �C, in order to increase the fertility of soils, it was found the increase of the fertility produced by the development of the vegetables in the soil to which was added biochar. Soil was added to soil 4 g/dm3 biochar, 8 g/dm3 biochar, the soil had no high humidity, was taken at a time when it had not rained for at least one week, the soil pH was 8, in the soil with 8 g/dm3 biochar the plants increased compared to the soil with 4 g/dm3 and the soil without biochar. The biochar resulting from pyrolysis and gasification processes is a valuable amendment to agricultural soils and an efficient and economical way to seize carbon. Using biochar it is possible to increase the diversity of agricultural land in an environmentally sound way in areas with depleted soils, limited organic resources and insufficient water for development. Helps to soil carbon sequestration with negative CO2 balance, increases the productive potential of agricultural ecosystems.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Climate Change on Agricultural Production and Sustainable Agriculture of Smallholder Farmers in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1100-1107
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Phu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
The World

Climate change is one of the greatest threats to human beings, and agriculture is one of the fields that is most negatively affected by climate change. Farmers around the world and global food supply chains are impacted by the more extreme weather phenomena and increased damage of diseases and pests caused by climate change. Today, almost all agricultural enterprises and farms consider climate change a serious long-term risk for their production. Agricultural land systems can produce significant greenhouse gases (GHGs) by the conversion of forests to crop- and animal lands, and also through the weak management of crops and livestock. Around the world, cultivation and cattle production accounts for 25% of global GHG emissions (Javeline, ‎2014). However, under suitable conditions, agriculture can create environmental conditions that can help minimize pollution and the negative effects of climate change including carbon absorption by green plants in forests, and fields for watershed protection and biodiversity conservation. Sustainable agriculture helps farmers to adapt, maintain, and improve productivity without applying harmful techniques. In turn, this allows farms to manage and mitigate climate-related risks in their supply chains. The Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN) has found new ways to incorporate smart climate cultivation methods into all farming practices to help farms and enterprises carry out agriculture sustainably.

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