Hybrid MAC Layer Design for MPEG-4 Video Transmission in WSN

2014 ◽  
pp. 410-432
Author(s):  
Nor-Syahidatul N. Ismail ◽  
Sharifah H. S. Ariffin ◽  
N. M. Abdul Latiff ◽  
Farizah Yunus ◽  
Norshiela Fisal
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Video Transmission ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Protocol Design ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Time Division

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been attracting increasing interest lately from the research community and industry. The main reason for such interest is the fact that WSNs are considered a promising means of low power and low cost communication that can be easily deployed. Nowadays, the advanced protocol design in WSNs has enhanced their capability to transfer video in the wireless medium. In this chapter, a comprehensive study of Medium Access Control (MAC) and MPEG-4 video transmission is presented. Various classifications of MAC protocols are explained such as random access, schedule access, and hybrid access. In addition, a hybrid MAC layer protocol design is proposed, which combines Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) and unsynchronized Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocols using a token approach protocol. The main objective of this chapters is to present the design of a MAC layer that can support video transfer between nodes at low power consumption and achieve the level of quality of service (QoS) required by video applications.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency TDMA/CSMA Hybrid Protocol with Power Control for WSN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yang ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Jian Xie ◽  
Zhaolin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Carrier Sense Multiple Access ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Time Division ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Wireless sensors network (WSN) is widely used in the Internet of Things at present. However, limited energy source is a critical problem in the improvement and practical applications of WSN, so it is necessary to improve the energy efficiency. As another important evaluation criterion of transmission performance, throughput should be improved too. To mitigate both of the problems at the same time, by taking the advantages of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) at the medium access control (MAC) layer of WSN, we propose a hybrid TDMA/CSMA MAC layer protocol. Meanwhile, we design a novel power control scheme to further reduce the energy consumption and optimize the transmission slots. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol significantly improves the throughput and energy efficiency.

Time division multiple access scheduling strategies for emerging vehicular ad hoc network medium access control protocols: a survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar Bello Tambawal ◽  
Rafidah Md. Noor ◽  
Rosli Salleh ◽  
Christopher Chembe ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Anisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Time Division Multiple Access ◽  
Medium Access Control Protocols ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Scheduling Strategies ◽  
Time Division

scholarly journals A Dynamic Access Probability Adjustment Strategy for Coded Random Access Schemes

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4206
Author(s):  
Sun ◽  
Liu ◽  
Paolini
Keyword(s):  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
High Load ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Finite Frame ◽  
Adjustment Strategy

In this paper, a dynamic access probability adjustment strategy for coded random accessschemes based on successive interference cancellation (SIC) is proposed. The developed protocolconsists of judiciously tuning the access probability, therefore controlling the number of transmittingusers, in order to resolve medium access control (MAC) layer congestion states in high load conditions.The protocol is comprised of two steps: Estimation of the number of transmitting users during thecurrent MAC frame and adjustment of the access probability to the subsequent MAC frame, based onthe performed estimation. The estimation algorithm exploits a posteriori information, i.e., availableinformation at the end of the SIC process, in particular it relies on both the frame configuration(residual number of collision slots) and the recovered users configuration (vector of recovered users)to effectively reduce mean-square error (MSE). During the access probability adjustment phase, atarget load threshold is employed, tailored to the packet loss rate in the finite frame length case.Simulation results revealed that the developed estimator was able to achieve remarkable performanceowing to the information gathered from the SIC procedure. It also illustrated how the proposeddynamic access probability strategy can resolve congestion states efficiently.

scholarly journals Medium access control protocol design for wireless communications and networks review

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1711
Author(s):  
Zaid Hashim Jaber ◽  
Dheyaa Jasim Kadhim ◽  
Ahmed Sabah Al-Araji
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Protocol Design ◽  
Medium Access

<p><span>Medium access control (MAC) protocol design plays a crucial role to increase the performance of wireless communications and networks. The channel access mechanism is provided by MAC layer to share the medium by multiple stations. Different types of wireless networks have different design requirements such as throughput, delay, power consumption, fairness, reliability, and network density, therefore, MAC protocol for these networks must satisfy their requirements. In this work, we proposed two multiplexing methods for modern wireless networks: Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA). The first research method namely Massive MIMO uses a massive number of antenna elements to improve both spectral efficiency and energy efficiency. On the other hand, the second research method (PD-NOMA) allows multiple non-orthogonal signals to share the same orthogonal resources by allocating different power level for each station. PD-NOMA has a better spectral efficiency over the orthogonal multiple access methods. A review of previous works regarding the MAC design for different wireless networks is classified based on different categories. The main contribution of this research work is to show the importance of the MAC design with added optimal functionalities to improve the spectral and energy efficiencies of the wireless networks.</span></p>

scholarly journals An overview of DoSL Attacks in IoT Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 596-601
Author(s):  
N. Nasreena Hameeda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Medium Access Control Protocols ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Jamming Attacks ◽  
Lossy Links ◽  
Time Division

Many methodologies has been discovered to lower the power consumption in the devices, which is connected to the network in recent years. Many medium access control protocols have been used for low power lossy networks (LLNs).The major goal of introducing this methods is to improve the energy efficiency and to increase the fastness of the communication in the network or the data transmission. The Low power lossy networks is used in many real time scenarios nowadays. These methods use battery-powered devices, which makes transmission easier over lossy links. A particular node generally switches off radio interfaces when no traffic is sent. These devices are made to keep the radio interfaces in ON thus it makes exhausting of batteries causing Denial of sleep attacks. Here, we are going to use time division and channel hoping techniques to get a impact on jamming attacks. We will look on the impacts of such attacks by the ideas got through attacker and to which level the protection allows jamming attacks at upper layers.

A Low Power IoT Medium Access Control for Receiver-Assigned CDMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Petrosky ◽  
Alan J. Michaels ◽  
Joseph M. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Cdma Networks

Low power, low cost, and security-conscious wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly pervasive in the internet of things (IoT). In these networks, receiver-assigned code division multiple access (RA-CDMA) offers benefits over existing multiple access techniques. RA-CDMA networks are asynchronous, robust against multipath interference, and offer resilience against collision. A lightweight medium access control (MAC) protocol is needed to facilitate communication in RA-CDMA networks between low power sensor nodes and access points. This article provides an overview of RA-CDMA and proposes elements of a new MAC protocol that could improve performance of certain wireless sensor networks. Key features of the proposed MAC design are introduced and compared to those of existing protocols, highlighting its simple and lightweight design. Through its compatibility with RA-CDMA, the MAC design eliminates significant overhead and complexity while meeting requirements for low power networks, which enables the implementation of dense IoT sensor networks.

scholarly journals An Efficient Source Location Privacy Protection Algorithm Based on Circular Trap for Wireless Sensor Networks

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiting Wang ◽  
Liang Liu ◽  
Wenzhao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Access ◽  
Location Privacy ◽  
Source Location ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Data Loss ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Source Location Privacy ◽  
Location Privacy Protection ◽  
Time Division

With the aim of addressing the problem of high overhead and unstable performance of the existing Source Location Privacy (SLP) protection algorithms, this paper proposes an efficient algorithm based on Circular Trap (CT) which integrates the routing layer and MAC layer protocol to provide SLP protection for WSNs. This algorithm allocates time slots for each node in the network by using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technology, so that data loss caused by channel collisions can be avoided. At the same time, a circular trap route is formed to induce an attacker to first detect the packets from the nodes on the circular route, thereby moving away from the real route and protecting the SLP. The experimental results demonstrate that the CT algorithm can prevent the attacker from tracking the source location by 20% to 50% compared to the existing cross-layer SLP-aware algorithm.

Cross-Layer Optimization for Video Transmission over WLAN

2012 ◽  
pp. 500-526
Author(s):  
Chih-Yu Wang ◽  
Yin-Cheng Huang ◽  
Cheng-Han Mai ◽  
Fu-Wang Chang ◽  
Hung-Yu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Video Coding ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Application Layer ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Access Delay ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Advanced Video Coding

As IEEE 802.11 wireless devices have become increasingly widespread, providing Quality of Service in the context of H.264/AVC, the video coding standard for future multimedia networking, has become an important issue in the fields of communication and networking. Cross-Layer Adaptive Video Prioritization (CAVP) is a cross-layer framework that prioritizes video frame transmission according to the application-layer information and the MAC layer transmission condition. In this chapter, a Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) estimation method is proposed to sort out different priorities of H.264/AVC (Advanced Video Coding) video frames at the application layer to provide user-centric media quality estimation. Compared to previous heuristic algorithms, the authors also investigate a theoretic access delay estimator to monitor the wireless medium access delay at the MAC layer. In addition, an admission control is employed to serve the delay-sensitive video application and to give higher priority to those critical video frames. Video packets are dynamically classified into different 802.11e access categories according to the level of wireless medium access delay and the priority of the video frames. The myths of naïvely prioritizing video packets based on I/P/B types as well as naïvely assign packets to high priority access categories in 802.11e are resolved. Rather than creating complex scheme that is unable to be implemented in practical scenarios, the authors design the proposed scheme with practical implementability in mind. The proposed scheme is implemented with Click kernel module and the MadWifi WLAN driver. The performance of proposed CAVP design is evaluated by both NS-2 simulations and real testbed experiments, and results show that it enhances receiving video quality in error-prone wireless networking environments.

scholarly journals A Cross Video-MAC Layer Approach for Generating Adaptive FMO Map

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Tien Huu Vu ◽  
Supavadee Aramvith
Keyword(s):  
Video Transmission ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Arrival Rate ◽  
Ieee 802.11E ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Cross Layer Design ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Error Resiliency ◽  
Map Generation

Recent researches in video transmission over heterogeneous networks move toward cross-layer design to realize the optimal video quality. In this work, we investigate the cross layer approach between H.264 video coding layer and IEEE 802.11e Medium Access Control (MAC) layer on the issues of how to improve error resiliency of H.264 video using Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO), and how to reduce packet dropping rate at MAC layer. We propose an adaptive FMO map generation to separate high and low important macroblocks to different priority queues based on the overflow state of MAC layer queues. The arrival rate of packets to queues is thus changed to reduce the queue overflow and to decrease of the packet droppingrates at queues. Experimental results show that using the proposed scheme can reduce the packet drop rate at the queues resulting in the reduction of packet loss rate and the improvement of the average PSNR.

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