Standards for ICT

2015 ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Tineke Egyedi ◽  
Sachiko Muto
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Compatibility Standards ◽  
Lock In

This chapter analyzes standardization of mobile phone chargers to explore the role that compatibility standards might play in mitigating the negative impact of ICT on the environment. Building on insights gained from the economics of standards literature, the authors explore how the inherent effects of compatibility standards—such as reducing variety, avoiding lock-in, and building critical mass—can have positive implications for the environment. They argue that current standardization literature and policy have overlooked this important (side) effect of compatibility standards. Excessive diversity and incompatibilities in ICT generate e-waste, discourage re-use, and make recycling economically unviable; the authors, therefore, develop an economic-environmental framework for analyzing sustainability effects of compatibility standards and apply it to the case of mobile phone chargers. They conclude that well-targeted compatibility standardization can be equated to ecodesign at sector level and should be considered as an eco-effective strategy towards greening the IT industry.

Standards for ICT

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tineke M. Egyedi ◽  
Sachiko Muto
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Compatibility Standards ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Complementary Strategy ◽  
The Eu

This paper takes the recent process towards standardizing the mobile phone charger in the EU as a starting point to consider the role that compatibility standards might play in mitigating the negative impact of ICT on the environment. Building on insights gained from the economics of standards literature, the authors explore how the inherent effects of compatibility standards – such as reducing variety, avoiding lock-in, and building critical mass – can have positive implications for the environment. While there is growing interest in how performance measurement standards initiatives with an explicit environmental purpose can contribute to sustainability, the authors argue that current standardization literature and policy have overlooked this important (side) effect of compatibility standards. Having first illustrated how excessive diversity and incompatibilities in ICT generate e-waste, discourage re-use and make recycling economically unviable, this paper develops an economic-environmental framework for analyzing the sustainability effects of compatibility standards and applies it to the case of mobile phone chargers. The authors conclude that compatibility standards are a form of ecodesign at sector level and should be recognized as a relevant complementary strategy towards greening the IT industry.

Critical Barriers to Technolgy in K-12 Education

2011 ◽  
pp. 3008-3010
Author(s):  
Christine Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Digital Society ◽  
Education Today ◽  
K 12

Those who are fortunate enough to be associated with K-12 education during this first decade of the 21st century will witness tremendous evolutionary—even revolutionary—changes throughout those institutions. The interrelated dynamics of public education, the IT industry, and the evolving “digital society” are already combining to produce a variety of entirely new models for K-12. Although those models are indeed emerging, significant change will come at a pace that is perhaps somewhat slower initially than some would prefer. K-12 education is, after all, an institution rich in tradition and culture, and often slow to change. Nonetheless, as the presence and reach of new technologies—the Internet in particular—reach critical mass, that pace will quicken, and by the year 2010, school age children will enjoy an educational experience profoundly different from anything previously known. Profound change usually occurs when not one, but several change agents come together, either deliberately or coincidentally, and interact—often sparked by some sort of catalyst. This type of interaction is occurring throughout public education today. In this case, the change agents at work include K-12 institutions, the evolving IT industry, and the rapidly emerging digital society.

scholarly journals Use of information sources regarding medicine side effects among the general population: a cross-sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadine O’Donovan ◽  
Ruth M. Rodgers ◽  
Anthony R. Cox ◽  
Janet Krska
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Information Leaflets ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Use Of Information Sources

Abstract Aim: To determine the use and perceived value of different information sources that patients may use to support identification of medicine side effects; to explore associations between coping styles and use of information sources. Background: Side effects from medicines can have considerable negative impact on peoples’ daily lives. As a result of an ageing UK population and attendant multi-morbidity, an increasing number of medicines are being prescribed for patients, leading to increased risk of unintended side effects. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of patients who use medicine, recruited from community pharmacies. The survey sought views on attributes of various information sources, their predicted and actual use, incorporating a shortened Side Effects Coping Questionnaire (SECope) scale and the abbreviated Miller Behavioural Style Scale (MBSS). Findings: Of 935 questionnaires distributed, 230 (25.0%) were returned, 61.3% from females; 44.7% were retired and 84.6% used at least one medicine regularly. 69.6% had experienced a side effect, resulting in 57.5% of these stopping the medicine. Patient information leaflets (PILs) and GPs were both predicted and actually most widely used sources, despite GPs being judged as relatively less accessible and PILs less trustworthy, particularly by regular medicine users. Pharmacists, considered both easy to access and trustworthy, were used by few in practice, while the internet was considered easy to access, but less trustworthy and was also little used. SECope sub-scales for non-adherence and information seeking showed positive associations with stopping a medicine and seeking information from a health professional. More high monitors than low monitors stopped a medicine themselves, but there were no differences in use of information sources. Information seeking following a side effect is a common strategy, potentially predicted by the SECope, but not the MBSS. Limited GP accessibility could contribute to high internet use. Further research could determine how the trustworthiness of PILs can be improved.

The Influence of Perceived Innovation and Brand Awareness on Purchase Intention of Innovation Product — An Example of iPhone

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shwu-Ing Wu ◽  
Li-Pang Ho
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Innovation Product ◽  
3G Mobile Phone

As the number of mobile phone users has increased steadily in recent years, mobile phone manufacturers continuously compete to be the first to introduce innovative products to the market in the hope of gaining a larger market share. Currently, the innovation product has become the target of competition in the mobile phone industry. Thus, this study uses 3G mobile phone as an example, through literature review and empirical research to examine whether perceived innovation and brand awareness have a significant impact on the perceived quality, perceived value, and purchase intention toward innovation products. An analysis of 595 effective questionnaires produced five main findings: (i) consumer-perceived innovation has significant and positive impact on the perceived quality and purchase intention; (ii) brand awareness has significant and positive impact on the consumer-perceived quality; (iii) perceived quality has significant and positive impact on perceived value; (iv) consumer-perceived value has significant and positive impact on purchase intention; however, (v) consumer-perceived quality has significant and negative impact on purchase intention. Moreover, this study evidences that consumer-perceived innovation has higher effect on purchase intention than brand awareness. These results can provide useful information to mobile phone industry to carry out innovation planning and marketing strategy.

scholarly journals Prototype of LPG gas leakage detector using flame sensor and MQ-2 sensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Harya Gusdevi ◽  
Ade Setya P ◽  
Puji Handini Zulaeha
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Gas Leak ◽  
Unpleasant Odor ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Gas Cylinders

The conversion of kerosene use in household to gas, in addition to the decision of the Republic of Indonesia minister in relation to the movement of kerosene to gas, gas also given an affordable price, how to use it more effectively. But the public is also expected to be careful about how to use it, because the gas is explosive and leaking causing unpleasant odor (gas leak) even a more dangerous side effect is the explosion of gas cylinders. To evercome these problems then need a tool that can detect gas leakage, in order to prevent gas leakage early. Therefore the authors designed a device that can detect gas leakage by using Sensor Mq-2 and will issue sound gas alarm warning leak by Modul ISD 1760, and will stop the gas flow from the tube to the stove using a Solenoid Valve. There is also a Flame Sensor’s hardware to detect a fire if there is a spark emerging and spraying water into spots that are likely to spark fire. All hardware will be in if using ATMega 328microcontroller.Monitoring can use android smartphone, with the application that can send a warning to the mobile phone.

scholarly journals The Impact of Mobile Phone on Family Life: A Case Study of Lahore, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 4 (Issue 3) ◽  
pp. 192-207
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Shabbir Sarwar ◽  
Humara Gulzar ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Family Time ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mobile Phone Usage ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this research paper is to explore the negative relationship between mobile phone and family life as well as negative impact of mobile phone usage on family life norms and traditions. The study is based on data collected through mixed method i.e. survey of a random sample of 1300 people and structured interviews conducted with a sub-sample of 13 people in Lahore, Pakistan. The study found that mobile phone is negatively affecting the family life due to its massive usage during family socialization time. The quantitative analysis found that over 85% of respondents use mobile phone for communication with the people other than their family members when they are with their family; over 50% make calls to others during their family time; 83% make SMS; 75 feel that they ignore their family due to cell phone; 86% thinks that mobile has influenced their family time face-to-face socialization negatively and 91% said that they exchanged harsh words with their family members for at least once or more due to using mobile phone during family time. The study reveals that male members of the traditional families are more responsible for using mobile phone during family time and damaging family traditions as compared to the female members. However, parents remain very concerned about the possibilities of misuse of mobile phone by female teenagers of the family. In most cases family elders were annoyed with the youth for adopting this change in their behaviors damaging the family traditions.

scholarly journals Mobile phone usage pattern and its health effects among medical students in north Karnataka: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4305
Author(s):  
Sweta Sinha ◽  
Manjula S. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Usage Pattern ◽  
Mobile Phone Usage

Background: The mobile phone is viewed as an important communication tool and is an integral part of the human society in the present era. Medical students use smart phones for note taking, imaging, web browsing, text books, question banks etc. Excessive mobile phone use has been found to be associated with health problems such as impaired concentration, headache, fatigue, thermal sensations in and around ear, stress, sleep disturbances and frustration. Objective was to explore the mobile phone usage pattern and its health effects among medical students.Methods: An observational study was conducted among medical students of Belagavi. The calculated sample size was 277 after taking the prevalence of mobile phone usage pattern of 76.4%. The questionnaire consists of socio-demographic characteristics, pattern of mobile phone usage like mode of use, time of maximum use etc. and the health effect variables like headache, restlessness, neck pain, painful fingers etc. Statistical analysis was done using MS-Excel 2007 and SPSS v 22, proportion and chi-square test was applied and p<0.05 was considered significant.Results: 98.19% were using smart phone and 85.56% were having single phone. Maximum were using for 2-4 years (42.60%). Internet was used for academic purpose in 89.89%. Majority of them experienced eyes symptoms (55.23%) followed by sleep deprivation (46.21%) and headache (42.60%).Conclusions: Even though mobile phone has positive role in our daily lives, its overuse leads to negative impact on health, sleep, and academic performance of students.

scholarly journals The Impact on Mobile Phone use on Pedestrian Road Crossing Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Gavrić ◽  
Saša Džigerović ◽  
Belmin Avdić ◽  
Goran Bošnjak ◽  
Suzana Miladić-Tešić
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Unsignalized Intersections ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Road Crossing

Mobile phone use at pedestrian crossings has been recognized as a growing problem in the field of traffic safety. The objective of the paper is to analyze the impact of mobile phone use at pedestrian crossings considering specific territory. Signalized and unsignalized intersections are observed in the study. Several factors having the impact on unsafe pedestrian crossing behaviour are identified such as: age, location and the type of mobile phone using. The model of unsafe pedestrian behaviour based on displayed mobile phone use while crossing the intersection is constructed. It has been shown in this research that talking and texting on mobile phone distract pedestrians. Listening to music does not affect pedestrians to behave unsafely because it requires less cognitive activity than talking or texting. Also, location affects the pedestrian crossing behavior. The results of this research can serve the purpose of preventing the mobile phones use and reduce the negative impact on pedestrian crossing behavior.

scholarly journals Prototype of LPG Gas Leakage Detector Using Flame Sensor and MQ-2 Sensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Harya Gusdevi ◽  
Ade Setya ◽  
Puji Handini Zulaeha
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Gas Leak ◽  
Unpleasant Odor ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Gas Cylinders

The conversion of kerosene use in household to gas, in addition to the decision of the Republic of Indonesia minister in relation to the movement of kerosene to gas, gas also given an affordable price, how to use it more effectively. But the public is also expected to be careful about how to use it, be-cause the gas is explosive and leaking causing unpleasant odor (gas leak) even a more dangerous side effect is the explosion of gas cylinders. To evercome these problems then need a tool that can detect gas leakage, in order to prevent gas leakage early. Therefore the authors designed a device that can detect gas leakage by using Sensor Mq-2 and will issue sound gas alarm warning leak by Modul ISD 1760, and will stop the gas flow from the tube to the stove using a Solenoid Valve. There is also a Flame Sensor’s hardware to detect a fire if there is a spark emerging and spraying water into spots that are likely to spark fire. All hardware will be in if using ATMega 328microcontroller.Monitoring can use android smartphone, with the application that can send a warning to the mobile phone 

A multilayer polyurethane foam dressing for pressure ulcer prevention in older hip fracture patients: an economic evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Cristiana Forni ◽  
Richard Searle
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Decision Analytic Model ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Cost Effective Strategy ◽  
The Us

Objective: Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (PU) have a substantial negative impact on patients and continue to impose a cost burden on hospital providers. Since the incidence of fragility fracture is growing, driven by the increase in the older population, it is expected that the overall incidence of associated complications will also increase accordingly. The aim of this economic evaluation was to determine whether the use of a multilayer, silicone-adhesive polyurethane foam dressing (ALLEVYN LIFE, Smith & Nephew, UK) alongside standard prevention (SP) for the prevention of PUs in older patients with hip fractures is a cost-effective strategy, compared with SP alone. Method: A decision-analytic model was constructed to determine the incremental cost and effectiveness of the foam dressing strategy from the perspectives of the Italian and US hospital systems. We also performed one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results: The foam dressing intervention was found to be cost saving and more effective than SP in both Italy and the US. Switching to foam dressing and standard prevention would result in an expected cost saving of €733 per patient in Italy and $840 per patient in the US, reducing the per-patient cost of treating PUs by 37-69% and 36–68%, respectively. The one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrate that the strategy remains dominant over a range of values of the input variables. Conclusion: The foam dressing intervention is likely to be a cost-effective strategy compared with standard prevention alone.

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