Collaborative Progress in Citation Networks

2015 ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Rogier De Langhe
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Citation Networks ◽  
Citation Data ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Paper Citation

Philosophical theories of scientific progress are typically disconnected from citation data because a citation to a paper does not necessarily justify the content of the cited paper. Citation data can however be used to test whether scientific contributions coevolve and as such discriminate indirectly between the two main theories of scientific progress: cumulative and non-cumulative progress. This chapter presents this novel approach. First, agent-based models are used to discover essential differences between both patterns of progress. The systematic exploration they allow of their respective entailments reveals four conflicting empirical predictions. These could in principle be tested against citation data, thus operationalizing two important philosophical conceptions of progress. The proposed approach relies heavily on two recent developments, the use of agent-based modeling in philosophy and the availability of vast citation datasets. The research program it suggests offers a unique opportunity to bridge the gap between descriptions of science and explanations of why it is successful.

A Novel Approach to Multihazard Modeling and Simulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas W. Smith ◽  
Ian Portelli ◽  
Giuseppe Narzisi ◽  
Lewis S. Nelson ◽  
Fabian Menges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Information System Architecture ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Systemic Stress

ABSTRACTObjective: To develop and apply a novel modeling approach to support medical and public health disaster planning and response using a sarin release scenario in a metropolitan environment.Methods: An agent-based disaster simulation model was developed incorporating the principles of dose response, surge response, and psychosocial characteristics superimposed on topographically accurate geographic information system architecture. The modeling scenarios involved passive and active releases of sarin in multiple transportation hubs in a metropolitan city. Parameters evaluated included emergency medical services, hospital surge capacity (including implementation of disaster plan), and behavioral and psychosocial characteristics of the victims.Results: In passive sarin release scenarios of 5 to 15 L, mortality increased nonlinearly from 0.13% to 8.69%, reaching 55.4% with active dispersion, reflecting higher initial doses. Cumulative mortality rates from releases in 1 to 3 major transportation hubs similarly increased nonlinearly as a function of dose and systemic stress. The increase in mortality rate was most pronounced in the 80% to 100% emergency department occupancy range, analogous to the previously observed queuing phenomenon. Effective implementation of hospital disaster plans decreased mortality and injury severity. Decreasing ambulance response time and increasing available responding units reduced mortality among potentially salvageable patients. Adverse psychosocial characteristics (excess worry and low compliance) increased demands on health care resources. Transfer to alternative urban sites was possible.Conclusions: An agent-based modeling approach provides a mechanism to assess complex individual and systemwide effects in rare events. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3:75–87)

A NOVEL APPROACH OF REQUIREMENT GATHERING AND ANALYSIS FOR AGENT ORIENTED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (AOSE)

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 79-111
Author(s):  
PRABHAT RANJAN ◽  
A. K. MISRA
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Agent Oriented Software Engineering ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Specific Analysis

In this paper, an agent-based open and adaptive system development process has been proposed which continuously change and evolve to meet new requirements. The proposed methodology is based on a model-based technique that provides a specific model for the type of information to be gathered and uses this model to drive the domain specific analysis process. The focus is on a clear separtion between the requirement gathering and analysis phases. The analysis methodology further splits the analysis phase into the user_centric analysis and the system_centric analysis phases. Optimization of the system performance has also been proposed by exploiting the relationships and dependencies among roles and mapping criteria between roles to agents. The Gaia and ROADMAP models have been used as a basis to the proposed agent-based modeling method.

scholarly journals University Operations During a Pandemic: A Flexible Decision Analysis Toolkit

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Himanshu Kharkwal ◽  
Dakota Olson ◽  
Jiali Huang ◽  
Abhiraj Mohan ◽  
Ankur Mani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Contact ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Contact Modeling ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The University ◽  
Simulation Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Modeling infection spread during pandemics is not new, with models using past data to tune simulation parameters for predictions. These help in understanding of the healthcare burden posed by a pandemic and responding accordingly. However, the problem of how college/university campuses should function during a pandemic is new for the following reasons: (i) social contact in colleges are structured and can be engineered for chosen objectives; (ii) the last pandemic to cause such societal disruption was more than 100 years ago, when higher education was not a critical part of society; (iii) not much was known about causes of pandemics, and hence effective ways of safe operations were not known; and (iv) today with distance learning, remote operation of an academic institution is possible. As one of the first to address this problem, our approach is unique in presenting a flexible simulation system, containing a suite of model libraries, one for each major component. The system integrates agent-based modeling and the stochastic network approach, and models the interactions among individual entities (e.g., students, instructors, classrooms, residences) in great detail. For each decision to be made, the system can be used to predict the impact of various choices, and thus enables the administrator to make informed decisions. Although current approaches are good for infection modeling, they lack accuracy in social contact modeling. Our agent-based modeling approach, combined with ideas from Network Science, presents a novel approach to contact modeling. A detailed case study of the University of Minnesota’s Sunrise Plan is presented. For each decision made, its impact was assessed, and results were used to get a measure of confidence. We believe that this flexible tool can be a valuable asset for various kinds of organizations to assess their infection risks in pandemic-time operations, including middle and high schools, factories, warehouses, and small/medium-sized businesses.

scholarly journals MARKET INTRODUCTION AND DIFFUSION OF NEW PRODUCTS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN AGENT-BASED MODELING

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (05) ◽  
pp. 1340015 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEA M. WAKOLBINGER ◽  
CHRISTIAN STUMMER ◽  
MARKUS GÜNTHER
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Management ◽  
New Products ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Word Of Mouth Communication ◽  
And Diffusion

Market introduction and diffusion of new products is complex and multifaceted since it involves spatially dispersed customers with individual preferences who may be exposed to a wide range of influences including word-of-mouth communication within a social network. During the past decade agent-based modeling approaches for simulating this process have become increasingly popular, because they not only capture the customers' behavior more realistically, but also allow for new insights for innovation management. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of recent developments, to discuss challenges, and to highlight promising directions for future research.

WHY ARE LAWYERS NICE OR NASTY? INSIGHTS FROM AGENT-BASED MODELING

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 535-558
Author(s):  
EUNATE MAYOR ◽  
GIOVANNI SARTOR
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medical Liability ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
Litigation Process ◽  
Procedural Costs

All substantive areas of law, with no exception, have a common concern for the processes by which legal disputes get resolved. Naturally, the success of any particular litigation strategy in a legal dispute depends on several factors, such as procedural costs, the judges' accuracy and, most importantly, the litigation strategy followed by the counterpart. Previous work within the legal scholarship has focused on the outcomes of the litigation process and their concordance with the merits of the claims presented by the parties. In contrast, in this paper, we adopt a dynamic view of the legal system as a whole. In order to do this, we propose an evolutionary point of view. That is, we assume that the most successful litigation strategies at a certain time are more likely to be followed in the future, so the prevalence of different strategies in the system will generally change over time. Importantly, this change in the frequency of litigation strategies in the legal system will, in turn, affect the relative success of each litigation strategy, thus creating a double feedback loop between prevalence and success of litigation strategies, which we aim to explore. Furthermore, we will compare the results drawn from our model with the ones proposed by the empirical literature on the topic. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to offer a novel approach to study legal disputes, looking at the whole litigation system as a single entity that evolves through time. In particular, we focus on cases of medical liability, and use agent-based simulation to provide a dynamic view of how various factors affect the type of litigation strategies that are successful and prevail in a certain judicial context.

scholarly journals Agent-Based Modeling as a Legal Theory Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Benthall ◽  
Katherine J. Strandburg
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Social Scientific

Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a versatile social scientific research tool that adapts insights from sociology and physics to study complex social systems. Currently, ABM is nearly absent from legal literature that evaluates and proposes laws and regulations to achieve various social goals. Rather, quantitative legal scholarship is currently most characterized by the Law and Economics (L&E) approach, which relies on a more limited modeling framework. The time is ripe for more use of ABM in this scholarship. Recent developments in legal theory have highlighted the complexity of society and law’s structural and systemic effects on it. ABM’s wide adoption as a method in the social sciences, including recently in economics, demonstrates its ability to address precisely these regulatory design issues.

Putting Social Sciences Together Again; An Introduction to the Volume

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Kohler
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Distributed Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Distributed Processes ◽  
Child's Play ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Principal Tool ◽  
Definition Of

We accept many definitions for games, most not so grandiose as those of Napoleon treated by Byron. Often when I demonstrate the simulation of Anasazi settlement discussed in chapter 7 of this volume someone will say, "This is just a game isn't it?" I'm happy to admit that it is, so long as our definition of games encompasses child's play—which teaches about and prepares for reality—and not just those frivolous pastimes of adults, which release them from it. This volume is based on and made possible by recent developments in the field of agent-based simulation. More than some dry computer science technology or another corporate software gambit, this technology is in fact provoking great interest in the possibilities of simulating social, spatial, and evolutionary dynamics in human and primate societies in ways that have not previously been possible. What is agent-based modeling? Models of this sort are sometimes also called individual-oriented, or distributed artificial intelligence- based. Action in such models takes place through agents, which are processes, however simple, that collect information about their environment, make decisions about actions based on that information, and act (Doran et al. 1994:200). Artificial societies composed of interacting collections of such agents allow controlled experiments (of the sort impossible in traditional social research) on the effects of tuning one behavioral or environmental parameter at a time (Epstein and Axtell 1996:1-20). Research using these models emphasizes dynamics rather than equilibria, distributed processes rather than systems-level phenomena, and patterns of relationships among agents rather than relationships among variables. As a result visualization is an important part of analysis, affording these approaches a sometimes gamelike and often immediately engaging quality. OK, I admit it—they're fun. Despite our emphasis on agent-based modeling, we do not mean to imply that it should displace, or is always superior to, systems-level models based on, for example, differential equations. On the contrary: te Boekhorst and Hemelrijk nicely demonstrate how these approaches may be complementary. Even more strongly, we do not argue that these activities should become, ahead of empirical research, the principal tool of social science.

scholarly journals Agent‐based modeling of new product market diffusion: an overview of strengths and criticisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Rand ◽  
Christian Stummer
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Management ◽  
New Product ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Typical Consumer ◽  
Market Diffusion

AbstractMarket diffusion of new products is driven by the actions and reactions of consumers, distributors, competitors, and other stakeholders, all of whom can be heterogeneous in their individual characteristics, attitudes, needs, and objectives. These actors may also interact with others in various ways (e.g., through word of mouth or social influence). Thus, a typical consumer market constitutes a complex system whose behavior is difficult to foresee because stochastic impulses may give rise to complex emergent patterns of system reactions over time. Agent-based modeling, a relatively novel approach to understanding complex systems, is well equipped to deal with this complexity and, therefore, may serve as a valuable tool for both researchers studying particular market effects and practitioners seeking decision support for determining features of products under development or the appropriate combination of measures to accelerate product diffusion in a market. This paper provides an overview of the strengths and criticisms of such tools. It aims to encourage researchers in the field of innovation management, as well as practitioners, to consider agent-based modeling and simulation as a method for gaining deeper insights into market behavior and making better-informed decisions.

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