Bioremediation via Nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
pp. 491-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shipra Pandey ◽  
Madhuree Kumari ◽  
Satyendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Arpita Bhattacharya ◽  
Shashank Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Recalcitrant Compounds ◽  
Inorganic Solutes

Arena of nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of bioremediation to overcome the problems of environmental pollutions. Approaches applied for the monitoring and treatment of contaminants includes control of pollutants, sensing the pollutants and remediation by nanoparticles. Among the three approaches, the most important is to remediate the pollutants. This chapter highlights the eco-friendly, accurate, cost effective, ex-situ and sustainable approach for the “Green Bioremediation” with the help of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles covers the treatment of surface water, groundwater and industrial wastewater contaminated by toxic metal ions, radionuclides, organic and inorganic solutes and also reduce aromatic recalcitrant compounds from soil and air pollution. There is also a scope of enhancing the remediation potential of nanoparticles by manipulating size and geometry. They have given a new hope towards positive sustainable approach for environment and human welfare.

scholarly journals Adsorption methods for the extraction and seperation of rare earth elements. Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Jumadilov ◽  
◽  
Kh. Khimersen ◽  
B. Totkhuskyzy ◽  
J. Haponiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Extraction And Separation

Rare earth elements play an important role in the production, energy, and high technology. Due to the rapid development of industry, the demand for rare earth metals is rising every day. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the extraction of rare earth metals from various sources to meet the demand for these elements. Currently, pyro- and hydrometallurgical technologies are used to extract rare earth metals from an ore and other secondary sources (industrial wastewater, acid drainage mines, etc.). Hydrometallurgical technologies include precipitation, extraction, adsorption, and ion exchange methods. Adsorption is one of the most effective methods for the extraction and separation of rare earth elements. Adsorption methods are highly selectivity to metal ions and have low emissions. However, not all adsorbents are effective in producing the same metal ions. This study provides an overview of the different adsorbents that can be used to extract rare earth elements from aquatic systems. Hydrogels and molecular polymers have been found to be cost-effective methods for high-grade rare earth metals. Further research is needed to ensure the performance of these systems.

Polypyrrole multilayer-laminated cellulose for large-scale repeatable mercury ion removal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (32) ◽  
pp. 12425-12433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Hanif ◽  
Seyeong Lee ◽  
Gullam Hussain Qasim ◽  
Indah Ardiningsih ◽  
Jeong-Ah Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Vapor Phase Polymerization

Polypyrrole multilayer-laminated cellulose was fabricatedviavapor-phase polymerization and employed as a cost-effective adsorbent hybrid material removing potentially toxic metal ions with high adsorption efficiency and good adsorbent recyclability even on a large scale (>1 liter).

Kinetic Behaviour of Amylase According to pH: A New Perspective for Starch Hydrolysis Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Ravneet K. Grewal ◽  
Baldeep Kaur ◽  
Gagandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Divalent Metal Ions ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

Background: Amylases are the most widely used biocatalysts in starch saccharification and detergent industries. However, commercially available amylases have few limitations viz. limited activity at low or high pH and Ca2+ dependency. Objective: The quest for exploiting amylase for diverse applications to improve the industrial processes in terms of efficiency and feasibility led us to investigate the kinetics of amylase in the presence of metal ions as a function of pH. Methods: The crude extract from soil fungal isolate cultures is subjected to salt precipitation, dialysis and DEAE cellulose chromatography followed by amylase extraction and is incubated with divalent metal ions (i.e., Ca2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+); Michaelis-Menton constant (Km), and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) are calculated by plotting the activity data obtained in the absence and presence of ions, as a function of substrate concentration in Lineweaver-Burk Plot. Results: Kinetic studies reveal that amylase is inhibited un-competitively at 5mM Cu2+ at pH 4.5 and 7.5, but non-competitively at pH 9.5. Non-competitive inhibition of amylase catalyzed starch hydrolysis is observed with 5mM Hg2+ at pH 9.5, which changes to mixed inhibition at pH 4.5 and 7.5. At pH 4.5, Ca2+ induces K- and V-type activation of amylase catalyzed starch hydrolysis; however, the enzyme has V-type activation at 7mM Ca2+ under alkaline conditions. Also, K- and V-type of activation of amylase is observed in the presence of 7mM Fe2+ at pH 4.5 and 9.5. Conclusion: These findings suggest that divalent ions modulation of amylase is pH dependent. Furthermore, a time-saving and cost-effective solution is proposed to overcome the challenges of the existing methodology of starch hydrolysis in starch and detergent industries.

scholarly journals Kinetics and isotherm modeling of Pb(II) and Cd(II) sequestration from polluted water onto tropical ultisol obtained from Enugu Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa C. Umeh ◽  
John K. Nduka ◽  
Kovo G. Akpomie
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

AbstractDeterioration in soil–water environment severely contributed by heavy metal bioavailability and mobility on soil surface and sub-surface due to irrational increase in wastewater discharge and agrochemical activities. Therefore, the feasibility of adsorption characteristics of the soil is paramount in curbing the problem of micropollutant contamination in the farming vicinity. Soil from a farming site in a populated area in Enugu, Nigeria was collected and tested to measure the lead and cadmium contents using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The adsorption potency of the ultisol soil was estimated for identifiable physicochemical properties by standard technique. The mean activity concentration of Pb2+ and Cd2+ was 15.68 mg/kg and 3.01 mg/kg. The pH, temperature, metal concentration and contact time adsorptive effect on the Pb2+ and Cd2+ uptake was evaluated by batch adsorption technique. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models were fitted into equilibrium adsorption data and the calculated results depict a better and satisfactory correlation for Langmuir with higher linear regression coefficients (Pb2+, 0.935 and Cd2+, 0.971). On the basis of sorption capacity mechanism of the soil, pseudo-second-order model best described the kinetics of both metal ions retention process. The results of the present study indicated that the soil being a low cost-effective adsorbent can be utilized to minimize the environmental risk impact of these metal ions.

scholarly journals Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater: a comprehensive and critical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naef A. A. Qasem ◽  
Ramy H. Mohammed ◽  
Dahiru U. Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sludge Formation ◽  
Metals Removal

AbstractRemoval of heavy metal ions from wastewater is of prime importance for a clean environment and human health. Different reported methods were devoted to heavy metal ions removal from various wastewater sources. These methods could be classified into adsorption-, membrane-, chemical-, electric-, and photocatalytic-based treatments. This paper comprehensively and critically reviews and discusses these methods in terms of used agents/adsorbents, removal efficiency, operating conditions, and the pros and cons of each method. Besides, the key findings of the previous studies reported in the literature are summarized. Generally, it is noticed that most of the recent studies have focused on adsorption techniques. The major obstacles of the adsorption methods are the ability to remove different ion types concurrently, high retention time, and cycling stability of adsorbents. Even though the chemical and membrane methods are practical, the large-volume sludge formation and post-treatment requirements are vital issues that need to be solved for chemical techniques. Fouling and scaling inhibition could lead to further improvement in membrane separation. However, pre-treatment and periodic cleaning of membranes incur additional costs. Electrical-based methods were also reported to be efficient; however, industrial-scale separation is needed in addition to tackling the issue of large-volume sludge formation. Electric- and photocatalytic-based methods are still less mature. More attention should be drawn to using real wastewaters rather than synthetic ones when investigating heavy metals removal. Future research studies should focus on eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable materials and methods.

scholarly journals Recent developments in materials used for the removal of metal ions from acid mine drainage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tebogo M. Mokgehle ◽  
Nikita T. Tavengwa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Ion Imprinted ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ion Imprinted Polymers

AbstractAcid mine drainage is the reaction of surface water with sub-surface water located on sulfur bearing rocks, resulting in sulfuric acid. These highly acidic conditions result in leaching of non-biodegradeable heavy metals from rock which then accumulate in flora, posing a significant environmental hazard. Hence, reliable, cost effective remediation techniques are continuously sought after by researchers. A range of materials were examined as adsorbents in the extraction of heavy metal ions from acid mine drainage (AMD). However, these materials generally have moderate to poor adsorption capacities. To address this problem, researchers have recently turned to nano-sized materials to enhance the surface area of the adsorbent when in contact with the heavy metal solution. Lately, there have been developments in studying the surface chemistry of nano-engineered materials during adsorption, which involved alterations in the physical and chemical make-up of nanomaterials. The resultant surface engineered nanomaterials have been proven to show rapid adsorption rates and remarkable adsorption capacities for removal of a wide range of heavy metal contaminants in AMD compared to the unmodified nanomaterials. A brief overview of zeolites as adsorbents and the developent of nanosorbents to modernly applied magnetic sorbents and ion imprinted polymers will be discussed. This work provides researchers with thorough insight into the adsorption mechanism and performance of nanosorbents, and finds common ground between the past, present and future of these versatile materials.

The facile soft-template-morphology-controlled (STMC) synthesis of ZnIn2S4 nanostructures and their excellent morphology-dependent adsorption properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1986-2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afaq Ahmad Khan ◽  
Arif Chowdhury ◽  
Sunita Kumari ◽  
Sahid Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Organic Dye ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
Toxic Metal Ions ◽  
Controlled Morphology

ZnIn2S4 nanostructures were fabricated with controlled morphology and utilized for the adsorption of an organic dye and toxic metal ions.

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